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5 Led

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12 views4 pages

5 Led

Uploaded by

ramakrishnadecs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.

Characteristics of LED

Aim:

To obtain the V-I Characteristics of LED for different LEDs (Red, Blue, Green, Yellow etc.) and find the
LED voltages of different LEDs

Apparatus:

S. No Apparatus Range Quantity

01 LED Red, Blue,Green,Yellow 01

02 Resistance 470Ω 01

03 Regulated Power supply (0-30V) 01

04 Ammeter (0-100mA) 01

05 Voltmeter (0-20V) 01

06 Breadboard and Wires

Introduction:
LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them. LED is connected in the circuit as shown in
figure. LED operates only in forward biased condition. Under forward bias condition the anode is
connected to the positive terminal and the cathode is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. It is
like a normal pn junction diode except the basic semiconductor material is GaAs or InP which is responsible
for the color of the light.When it is forward biased the holes moves from p to n and electrons flow from n
to p. In the junction the carriers recombine with each other and released the energy in the form of light.
Thus LED emits light under forward biased condition. Under reverse biased condition, there is no
recombination due to majority carriers, so there is no emission of light.
Testing an LED:
Never connect an LED directly to a battery or power supply!It will be destroyed almost instantly because
too much current will pass through and burn it out. LEDs must have a resistor in series to limit the current
to a safe value, for quick testing purposes a 1k resistor is suitable for most LEDs if your supply voltage is
12V or less. Remember to connect the LED the correct way round Colours of LEDs.LEDs are available in
red, orange, amber, yellow, green, blue and white. Blue and white LEDs are much more expensive than the
other colours. The colour of an LED is determined by the semiconductor material, not

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by the colouring of the 'package' (the plastic body). LEDs of all colours are available in uncoloured
packages which may be diffused (milky) or clear (often described as 'water clear').The coloured packages
are also available as diffused (the standard type) or transparent. As well as a variety of colours, sizes and
shapes, LEDs also vary in their viewing angle. This tells you how much the beam of light spreads out.
Standard LEDs have a viewing angle of 60° but others have a narrow beam of 30° or less.Calculating an
LED resistor value An LED must have a resistor connected in series to limit the current through the LED,
otherwise it will burn out almost instantly.
The resistor value, R is given by:
R = (VS - VL) / I
VS = supply voltage
VL = LED voltage (usually 2V, but 4V for blue and white LEDs)
I = LED current (e.g. 20mA), this must be less than the maximum permitted.
Circuit diagram: Forward bias:

Procedure:
1. Give the connection as per the circuit diagram.
2. Vary the input voltages at the RPS and note down the corresponding current for
the voltages.
3. Repeat the procedure for different color LEDs and tabulate the corresponding
voltages and currents.
4. Plot the graph between voltage and current for all LEDs.
5. Observe the LED voltage for different LEDs

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Tabular column:
LED Colour: Red LED Colour: Green LED Colour: Yellow
S.No. Voltage(V) Current(mA) Voltage(V) Current(mA) Voltage(V) Current(mA)

Model Graph:

Result:

Thus the VI characteristics of LED were studied.

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Differentiate LED from normal PN junction diode?

34
2. Define wavelength.
3. What happens when LEDs connected in series and parallel?
4. What are the advantages of LED over laser diode?
5. What are the desired characteristics of LED?

35

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