lOMoARcPSD|36512512

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Microcontroller and Embedded System Laboratory

S No. Name of the Experiment Page

No.
1. Write Program for addition and subtraction of two 8-bit numbers using
GNU SIM software.
2. Write a program for addition and subtraction of two 16-bit numbers using
GNU SIM software.
3. To write an assembly language for multiplying and division two 8-bit
numbers using GNU SIM software.
4. To find the largest and smallest element in an array of size ‘n’ using GNU
SIM software.
5. Write a program to make an LED chaser following the pattern given using
EDSIM51 Software. Each transition will take place after a prescribed delay.
6. Write a program to display series of numbers on seven segment display Use
EDsim51 software for simulation.

7. Write a program to interface Digital to Analog Converter for generate the

waveform given using EDsim51 software.
8. Write a program to interface 4x3 Keypad with 8051. Write a program to
display HELO in the seven-segment display when ‘0’ key is pressed in the
keypad. Use EDsim51 software to test and verify your program.

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EXPERIMENT No. : 01
A. Aim: - Write Program for addition and subtraction of two 8-bit numbers using GNU
SIM software.
B. Apparatus Used: - 1. GNU SIM software.

C. Theory:-

EdSim51 Simulator

The top left box gives the user access to all the 8051's registers, data memory and code memory.
In the centre is a textbox where the user either loads an assembly program or writes the code
directly. Shown above is a program being single-stepped (execution is currently at location 0034H
in code memory - hence that line is highlighted).
On the right is a list of the 32 port pins and what each one is connected to. The current value of the
port pin is displayed here.
The bottom panel shows all the peripherals that are connected to the 8051.
I hope this simulator will help students learn to write programs to exercise the 8051. Students can
begin by ignoring the peripherals. In this way they can first become accustomed to the many
different move, arithmetic and branch instructions that make up the 8051 instruction set.

As the students gain experience and confidence they can then write code to scan a keypad, or
count the motor's revolutions, or multiplex 7-segment displays, etc.

Some of the peripherals share the same port pins. For example, the 7-segment displays' data lines
and the DAC are connected to port 1. This means that, if the student wishes to use the display
and the DAC together, he/she must learn how to disable one to access the other.

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D. Program for addition of two 8-bit numbers:-

Consider the first number 26H is stored in memory location 8500H and the second number 62H is
stored in memory location 8501H. The result after addition of two numbers is to be stored in the
memory location 8502H. Assume program starts from memory location 8000H.

Algorithm:
1. Initialize the memory location of first number in HL register pair.
2. Move first number/data into accumulator.
3. Increment the content of HL register pair to initialize the memory location of second data.
4. Add the second data with accumulator.
5. Store the result in memory location 8003H.

Procedure:-

Memory Machine Codes Labels Mnemonics Operands Comments

address
8000 21, 00, 85 LXI H, 8500 H Address of first number in
H-L register pair.
8003 7E MOV A,M Transfer first number in
accumulator.
8004 23 INX H Increment content of H-L
register pair
8005 86 ADD M Add first number and second
number
8006 32, 02, 85 STA 8502H Store sum in 8502 H
8009 76 HLT Halt

E. Observation:- ( Include your own Table relevant to the Experiment)

Input DATA RESULT

Memory Data Memory location Data
8500 26H 8502 88H
8501 62H

F. Analysis of Results: (Write your own)

G. Conclusions:
The addition of two 8-bit numbers is performed using 8051 microcontroller where sum is 8 – bit.

H. Precautions:
1. Properly connect the 8051 microcontroller kit with power supply terminals.
2. Switch on the power supply after checking connections.
3. Handle the Trainer kit carefully.

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EXPERIMENT No. : 02
A. Aim: Write a program for addition and subtraction of two 16-bit numbers using GNU SIM
software.
B. Apparatus Used: 1. GNU SIM software.

C. Theory:

Program to Add Two 16 Bit Numbers:-

Assume four 8 bit numbers are stored in the memory location 9000H, 9001H, 9002H
and 9003H respectively. Using the data stored in a pair of two memory addresses, we can define
one 16-bit number. Hence using two pairs of such memory addresses, we can define two 16-bit
numbers. Given below is a program to add these two 16 bit numbers, and store the results in
memory location 9004H and 9005H. Check if any carry is generated, and if the carry bit is HIGH
then then stored 01H in memory location 9006H, else if carry bit generated is LOW, then store 00H
in the memory location 9006H.

Algorithm:
1. Initialize register C for using it as a counter for storing carry value.
2. Load data into HL register pair from the memory address 9000H and 9001H.
3. Exchange contents of register pair HL with DE.
4. Load second data into HL register pair from 9002H and 9003H.
5. Add register pair DE with HL, and store the result in HL.
6. If carry is not generated then go to Loop, else increment register C by 1.
8. Store value present in register pair HL to memory address 9004H and 9005H.
9. Move content of register C to accumulator A, and store the value present in accumulator (i.e.,
carry) into 9006H.
11. Terminate the program.

D. Program:

Memory Machine
Labels Mnemonics Operands Comments
address Codes
8000 0E,00 MVI C, 00H
8002 2A,00,90 LHLD 9000H Get first 16-bit number in HL
8005 EB XCHG Save first 16-bit number in DE
8006 2A,02,90 LHLD 9002H Get second 16-bit number in HL
Add register pair DE with HL and store
8009 19 DAD D
the result in HL.
800A D2,0E,80 JNC LOOP If carry is present, go to LOOP
800D 0C INR C Increment register C by 1.
Store value present in register pair HL to
800E 22,04,90 LOOP: SHLD 9004H
9004H.

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Move content of register C to

8011 79 MOV A, C
accumulator A.
Store value present in accumulator
8012 32,06,90 STA 9006H
(carry) into 9006H.
8015 76 HLT Terminate the program.

Subtract two 16-bit numbers

Form two 16-bit numbers using the data present in memory locations 8500H, 8501H, and
8502H, 8503H respectively. Most significant eight bits of the two numbers are stored in memory
location 8501H and 8503H. Subtract the two 16 bit numbers and store the result in memory
locations 8504H and 8505H, where, the most significant byte should be stored in memory location
8505H.

E. Observation: ( Include your own Table relevant to the Experiment)

F. Analysis of Results: (Write your own)

G. Conclusions:

The addition and subtraction of two 16-bit numbers is performed using 8051 microcontroller
where sum and sub is 16 – bit.

H. Precautions:
1. Properly connect the 8051 microcontroller kit with power supply terminals.
2. Switch on the power supply after checking connections.
3. Handle the Trainer kit carefully.

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EXPERIMENT No. : 03
A. Aim: To write an assembly language for multiplying and division two 8-bit numbers using
GNU SIM software.
B. Apparatus Used: 1. 8051 microcontroller kit.
2. +5V power supply.

C. Theory:
Consider the first number 25H is stored in register C and the second number 05H is stored in
Register E. The result after multiplication of two numbers is to be stored in the HL pair.
Assume program starts from memory location 8000H.

Algorithm:
1. Initialize the first number in C register.
2. Initialize the second number in E register.
3. Multiplication the second data with register C and store the result HL pair.

D. Procedure:(Program)

Memory Label Machine Code Mnemonics Operands Comments

Address
8000 0E,25 MVI C,25 Move the no. in reg. C
8002 1E,05 MVI E,05 Move the no. in reg. E
8004 06,00 MVI B,00 Clear reg. B
8006 21,00,00 LXI H,0000 Initial Product=0000
8009 UP1: 09 DAD B HL+BC=>HL
800A 1D DCR E Decrement reg. E
800B C2,09,70 JNZ UP1(8009) Jump ifnot zero
tolocation up1
800E 22,00,75 SHLD 8500 Store HL at8500
8011 CF RST 1 Terminate

E. Observation: ( Include your own Table relevant to the Experiment)

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INPUT DATA OUTPUT DATA

Reg. C 25H HL Pair 00B9H
Reg. E 05H
Reg. B 00H

F. Analysis of Results: (Write your own)

(Include sample calculations/Display/plot/typical graph)

G. Conclusions:
The multiplication of two 8-bit numbers is performed using 8051 microcontroller where
multiplication is 8 – bit.

H. Precautions:
1. Properly connect the 8051 microcontroller kit with power supply terminals.
2. Switch on the power supply after checking connections.
3. Handle the Trainer kit carefully.

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EXPERIMENT No. : 04

A. Aim: To write an Assembly Language Program to find the largest number in an array
of data using 8051 microcontroller kit.

B. Apparatus Used: 1. 8051 microcontroller kit.

2. +5V power supply.

C. Theory:

Algorithm

1) Load the address of the first element of the array in HL pair.

2) Copy the count to register B.
3) Increment the pointer.
4) Get the first data in accumulator.
5) Decrement the count.
6) Increment the pointer.
7) Compare the content of memory addressed by HL pair with that of Accumulator.
8) If Carry = 0, go to step 10 or if Carry = 1 go to step 9.
9) Copy the content of the memory addressed by HL to Accumulator.
10) Decrement the count.
11) Check for Zero of the count. If Zero Flag (ZF) = 0, go to step 6, or if ZF = 1 go to next
step.
12) Store the largest data in memory.

D. Program:

Memory Label Machine Code Mnemonics with Comments

Address Operands
8000 21,00,81 LXI H, 8200H Set pointer the memory address 8200H to
the HL pair
8003 46 MOV B,M Copy the array size to B register
8004 23 INX H Increment the memory
8005 7E MOV A,M Copy the first data to the Accumulator
8006 05 DCR B Decrement the array size by 1
8007 loop 23 INX H Increment the memory
8008 BE CMP M Compare number with memory
8009 JNC Next Jump on no carry to label Next

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800C MOV A,M Copy the memory content to the

Accumulator
800D Next DCR B Decrement register B by 1
800E C2,07,80 JNZ loop Jump on no carry to label loop
8011 32,00,82 STA 8300 Store accumulator content to 8200

8014 HLT

E. Observation: ( Include your own Table relevant to the Experiment)

Input at 8200 : 05 H----------------Array Size

8201 : 0A H
8202 : F1 H
8203 : 1F H
8204 : 26 H
8205 : FE H

Output at 8300 : FE H

F. Analysis of Results:(Write your own)

(Include sample calculations/Display/plot/typical graph)

G. Conclusions:

H. Precautions:
1. Properly connect the 8051 microcontroller kit with power supply terminals.
2. Switch on the power supply after checking connections.
3. Handle the Trainer kit carefully.

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EXPERIMENT No. : 05
A. Aim: Write a program to make an LED chaser following the pattern given using EDSIM51
Software. Each transition will take place after a prescribed delay.

B. Apparatus Used: 1. EDSIM51 Software.

Theory:
This program displays the binary pattern from 0 to 255 (and back to 0) on the LEDs
Interfaced with port 1.A 1 in the pattern is represented by the LED on, while a 0 in the pattern is
represented by the LED off. However, logic 0 on a port 1 pin turns on the LED, therefore it is
necessary to write the inverse of the pattern to the LEDs. The easiest way to do this is to send the
data FFH to 0 (and back to FFH) to the LEDs. Since port 1 is initially at FFH all we need to do is

C. Observation: ( Include your own Table relevant to the Experiment)

D. Analysis of Results:(Write your own)

(Include sample calculations/Display/plot/typical graph)

E. Conclusions:

F. Precautions:
4. Properly connect the 8051 microcontroller kit with power supply terminals.
5. Switch on the power supply after checking connections.
6. Handle the Trainer kit carefully.

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EXPERIMENT No. : 06
A. AIM: Write a program to display series of numbers on seven segment display with
AT8051 Microcontroller.
B. Apparatus Used: EDSIM51 Software, AT89S51 Microcontroller etc.

C. Theory:-
A 7-Segment display is a useful electronic component use to
produce numeric, alphabetic and some non-alphabetic symbols using a specific arrangement of
LEDs as shown in figure here.

A 7-Segment display has 10-Pins representing each a, b, c, b, e, f, g and h LEDs respectively

along with two extra pins for GND and VSS. following shown an original 7-Segment display
device along with its pin diagram. LED h is also denoted by symbol dp.
Since these are basically LEDs arranged as a group they can either have anode in common or
cathode. Seven Segment are available in two configuration - (1) Common Anode (2) Common
Cathode. Here common anode seven segment display is used because the output current of the
microcontroller is not sufficient enough to drive the LED’s, similar to the case of driving an LED.
The circuit diagram shows the connections of seven segment to the controller. The pins a to g of the
Seven Segment are connected to the Port P1 of the microcontroller.

Digit H G F E D C B A
1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
2 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
3 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
4 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

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When running this program, best viewed with Update Freq. set to 100

Program to interface seven-segment display:-

This program multiplexes the number 1234 on the four 7-segment displays.
start:
SETB P3.3 ;|
SETB P3.4 ; | enable display 3
MOV P1, #11111001B ; put pattern for 1 on display
CALL delay
CLR P3.3 ; enable display 2
MOV P1, #10100100B ; put pattern for 2 on display
CALL delay
CLR P3.4 ;|
SETB P3.3 ; | enable display 1
MOV P1, #10110000B ; put pattern for 3 on display
CALL delay
CLR P3.3 ; enable display 0
MOV P1, #10011001B ; put pattern for 4 on display
CALL delay
JMP start ; jump back to start

; a crude delay
delay:
MOV R0, #200
DJNZ R0, $
RET

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D. Observation: Write/ Plot Your Own With Observation Table (If Required).

E. Analysis of Results: (Write your own)

F. Conclusions:

G. Precautions:
1. Properly connect the AT89S52 Ultra Development Kit with USB Cable.
2. Handle the Trainer kit carefully.

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EXPERIMENT No. : 7

A. Aim: Write a program to interface Digital to Analog Converter use EDsim51 software for
positive ramp generator.

B. Apparatus Used:

1. Use EDsim51 software

2.Digital to Analog Converter
C. Theory:
DAC-0800 is a monolithic 8-bit digital to analog converter. The output voltage of this DAC
is programmable in the range of 0 to approx.5V DC. The effect of this circuit is to produce a DAC
output that ramps up to whatever level the analog input signal is at, output the binary number
corresponding to that level, and start over again.

Block Diagram

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D. Program:

CLR P0.7 ; enable the DAC WR line

loop:
MOV P1, A ; move data in the accumulator to the ADC inputs (on P1)
ADD A, #4 ; increase accumulator by 4
JMP loop ; jump back to loop

Note: When running this program, best viewed with Update Freq. set to 1.

Functional Description:-

E. Observation:

F. Analysis of Results:(Write your own)

(Include sample calculations/Display/plot/typical graph)

G. Conclusions:

H. Precautions:
7. Properly connect the 8051 microcontroller kit with power supply terminals.
8. Switch on the power supply after checking connections.
9. Handle the Trainer kit carefully.

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EXPERIMENT No. : 8

G. Aim: Write a program to interface 4x3 Keypad with 8051. Use EDsim51 software to test
and verify the code.

H. Apparatus Used:

3.Use EDsim51 software

4.4x3 Keypad
5.LEDs and Seven Segment Displays
I. Theory:
DAC-0800 is a monolithic 8-bit digital to analog converter. The output voltage of this DAC
is programmable in the range of 0 to approx.5V DC. The effect of this circuit is to produce a DAC
output that ramps up to whatever level the analog input signal is at, output the binary number
corresponding to that level, and start over again.

Schematic:

Logic diagram showing the keypad connections

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J. Program:

start:

MOV R0, #0 ; clear R0 - the first key is key0

; scan row0
SETB P0.3 ; set row3
CLR P0.0 ; clear row0
CALL colScan ; call column-scan subroutine
JB F0, finish ; | if F0 is set, jump to end of
program
; | (because the pressed key was found and its number is in R0)

; scan row1
SETB P0.0 ; set row0
CLR P0.1 ; clear row1
CALL colScan ; call column-scan subroutine
JB F0, finish ; | if F0 is set, jump to end of
program
; | (because the pressed key was found and its number is in R0)

; scan row2
SETB P0.1 ; set row1
CLR P0.2 ; clear row2
CALL colScan ; call column-scan subroutine
JB F0, finish ; | if F0 is set, jump to end of
program
; | (because the pressed key was found and its number is in R0)

; scan row3
SETB P0.2 ; set row2
CLR P0.3 ; clear row3
CALL colScan ; call column-scan subroutine
JB F0, finish ; | if F0 is set, jump to end of
program
; | (because the pressed key was found and its number is in R0)

JMP start ; | go back to scan row 0

; | (this is why row3 is set at the start of the program
; | - when the program jumps back to start, row3 has just been scanned)

finish:
JMP $ ; program execution arrives here when key is found - do nothing

; column-scan subroutine

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colScan:
JNB P0.4, gotKey ; if col0 is cleared - key found
INC R0 ; otherwise move to next key
JNB P0.5, gotKey ; if col1 is cleared - key found
INC R0 ; otherwise move to next key
JNB P0.6, gotKey ; if col2 is cleared - key found
INC R0 ; otherwise move to next key
RET ; return from subroutine - key not found
gotKey:
SETB F0 ; key found - set F0
RET ; and return from subroutine

Note: When running this program, best viewed with Update Freq. set to 1.

Functional Description:-

K. Observation:

L. Analysis of Results:(Write your own)

(Include sample calculations/Display/plot/typical graph)

M. Conclusions:

N. Precautions:
10. Properly connect the 8051 microcontroller kit with power supply terminals.
11. Switch on the power supply after checking connections.
12. Handle the Trainer kit carefully.

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