31/1613/CD

COMMITTEE DRAFT (CD)

P ROJECT NUMBER :

IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1 ED2

D ATE OF CIRCULATION : C LOSING DATE FOR COMMENTS :

2022-01-07 2022-03-04

S UPERSEDES DOCUMENTS :
31/1610/RR

IEC TC 31 : E QUIPMENT FOR EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES

S ECRETARIAT : S ECRETARY :

United Kingdom Mr Mick Maghar

O F INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES : P ROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD :

Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if any, in this

CD to the secretary.

F UNCTIONS CONCERNED :
EMC E NVIRONMENT Q UALITY ASSURANCE S AFETY

This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.

Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which t hey
are aware and to provide supporting documentation.

T ITLE :

Explosive atmospheres - Part 30-1: Electrical resistance trace heating - General and testing requirements

N OTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS :

Copyright © 2022 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
permission in writing from IEC.
 31/1613/CD –2– IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1 CONTENTS

2 FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 5
3 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 10
4 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 11
5 2 Normative references .................................................................................................... 18
6 3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 18
7 4 General requirements .................................................................................................... 25
8 4.1 General ................................................................................................................. 25
9 4.2 Mechanical strength .............................................................................................. 25
10 4.3 Terminations and connections ............................................................................... 26
11 4.4 Circuit protection requirements for branch circuits ................................................. 26
12 4.5 Temperature requirements .................................................................................... 27
13 4.5.1 General ......................................................................................................... 27
14 4.5.2 Stabilized design ........................................................................................... 27
15 4.5.3 Controlled design........................................................................................... 27
16 5 Testing .......................................................................................................................... 30
17 5.1 Type tests ............................................................................................................. 30
18 5.1.1 General ......................................................................................................... 30
19 5.1.2 Dielectric test ................................................................................................ 31
20 5.1.3 Electrical insulation resistance test ................................................................ 31
21 5.1.4 Flammability test ........................................................................................... 31
22 5.1.5 Impact tests ................................................................................................... 33
23 5.1.6 Deformation test ............................................................................................ 36
24 5.1.7 Cold bend test ............................................................................................... 36
25 5.1.8 Water resistance test ..................................................................................... 37
26 5.1.9 Integral components resistance to water test ................................................. 37
27 5.1.10 Verification of rated output ............................................................................. 38
28 5.1.11 Thermal stability of electrical insulating material ............................................ 40
29 5.1.12 Thermal performance test .............................................................................. 40
30 5.1.13 Determination of maximum sheath temperature ............................................. 42
31 5.1.14 Verification of start-up current ....................................................................... 50
32 5.1.15 Verification of the electrical resistance of electric ally conductive
33 covering ........................................................................................................ 51
34 5.1.16 Outdoor exposure test ................................................................................... 51
35 5.2 Routine tests......................................................................................................... 51
36 5.2.1 Dielectric test ................................................................................................ 51
37 5.2.2 Verification of rated output ............................................................................. 51
38 6 Marking ......................................................................................................................... 52
39 6.1 Product markings for trace heaters ....................................................................... 52
40 6.2 Markings for field assembled components ............................................................. 52
41 7 Documentation requirements ......................................................................................... 52
42 7.1 General ................................................................................................................. 52
43 7.2 Circuit design documentation ................................................................................ 53
44 7.3 Trace heating system documentation .................................................................... 53
45 7.3.1 General ......................................................................................................... 53
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 –3– 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

46 7.3.2 For trace heating systems according to the product classification

47 method .......................................................................................................... 53
48 7.3.3 For trace heating systems according to stabilized design method .................. 53
49 7.3.4 For trace heating systems according to controlled design method .................. 54
50 7.4 Instructions for installation of trace heating system ............................................... 54
51 7.5 Instructions for commissioning .............................................................................. 55
52 7.6 Instructions for maintenance / repair or modification ............................................. 55
53 Annex A (informative) Type test matrix for EPLs Gb/Gc/Db/Dc (Refer to IEC 60079-14
54 for the relationship of EPLs to Zones) ................................................................................... 56
55 Annex B (informative) Checklist for installation .................................................................... 58
56 Annex C (normative) Trace heater product design verification methodology ......................... 59
57 C.1 General ................................................................................................................. 59
58 C.2 Design methodology and selection of trace heaters .............................................. 59
59 C.3 Stabilized design calculations ............................................................................... 59
60 C.4 Trace heater performance and equilibrium conditions ........................................... 60
61 C.5 Heat loss calculations ........................................................................................... 62
62 C.6 Heat loss design safety factor ............................................................................... 63
63 C.7 Maximum temperature determination .................................................................... 63
64 C.7.1 Theoretical pipe and sheath temperature calculations – Metallic
65 applications ................................................................................................... 63
66 C.7.2 Theoretical vessel and sheath temperature calculations – Metallic
67 applications ................................................................................................... 64
68 C.7.3 Sheath temperature – metallic applications utilizing a temperature
69 limiter control sensing the trace heater sheath or an artificial hot spot ........... 65
70 C.7.4 Theoretical sheath temperature calculations – Non-metallic applications ....... 66
71 C.7.5 Sheath temperature – non-metallic applications utilizing a temperature
72 limiter control sensing the trace heater sheath or an artificial hot spot ........... 67
73 Annex D (normative) Calculation methodology for coverage of electrically conductive
74 covering ........................................................................................................................ 59
75 D.1 Calculation methodology ....................................................................................... 59
76 Annex E (normative) Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2 trace heating systems ...... 69
77 E.1 Application ............................................................................................................ 69
78 E.2 General ................................................................................................................. 69
79 E.3 Terminations and connections ............................................................................... 69
80 E.4 Control and temperature requirements .................................................................. 69
81 E.4.1 General ......................................................................................................... 69
82 E.4.2 Stabilized design ........................................................................................... 69
83 E.4.3 Controlled design........................................................................................... 70
84 E.4.4 Requirements for protective device in Divisions 1 and 2 ................................ 70
85 E.5 Type tests ............................................................................................................. 70
86 E.5.1 Division 1 trace heating equipment ................................................................ 70
87 E.5.2 Division 2 equipment ..................................................................................... 71
88 E.6 Marking ................................................................................................................. 71
89 E.7 Instructions – Installation requirements ................................................................. 71
90 Annex F (normative) Type test matrix for Division 1 and 2 explosive atmospheres ............... 73
91 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 77
92

93 Figure 1 – Flammability test .................................................................................................. 32

94 Figure 2 – Example of room temperature impact test ............................................................ 34
 31/1613/CD –4– IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

95 Figure 3 – Example of minimum temperature impact test ...................................................... 35

96 Figure 4 – Cold bend test ...................................................................................................... 37
97 Figure 5 – Integral components resistance to water test ........................................................ 38
98 Figure 6 – Verification of rated output ................................................................................... 40
99 Figure 7 – Maximum sheath temperature using product classification approach .................... 43
100 Figure 8 – Verification of sheath temperatures using pipe sculpture ...................................... 45
101 Figure 9 – Verification of sheath temperature, plate test ....................................................... 48
102 Figure 10 – Verification of sheath temperature – plate test with serpentined sample ............. 49
103 Figure 11 – Plate test with two samples crossed over ........................................................... 49
104 Figure 12 – Plate test with a single sample crossed over ...................................................... 50
105 Figure C.1 – Equilibrium conditions for workpiece maintenance ............................................ 60
106 Figure C.2 – Equilibrium conditions for upper limit evaluation ............................................... 61
107

108 Table 1 – Application or exclusion of specific clauses of IEC 60079-0 ..... Error! Bookmark not
109 defined.
110 Table 2 – Sheath temperature design conditions based on equipment protection levels
111 – Stabilized design approach ................................................................................................ 27
112 Table 3 – Sheath temperature design conditions based on equipment protection levels
113 EPLs – Controlled design approach ...................................................................................... 28
114 Table 4 – Test voltages for the dielectric test ........................................................................ 31
115 Table A.1 – Determination of test samples ............................................................................ 56
116 Table B.1 – Trace heater installation record – Example ........................................................ 58
117 Table D.1 – Division trace heating systems ........................................................................... 69
118 Table D.2 – Sheath temperature design conditions – Stabilized design approach ................. 70
119 Table D.3 – Sheath temperature design conditions – With temperature controller
120 and/or high temperature limiter ............................................................................................. 70
121 Table E.1 – Applicable trace heater and trace heater pads and panels tests by
122 installation location ............................................................................................................... 73
123 Table E.2 – Applicable tests for integral components with trace heaters and trace
124 heater pads and panels......................................................................................................... 74

125

126
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 –5– 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

127 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

128 ____________
129
130 EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES –
131
132 Part 30-1: Electrical resistance trace heating –
133 General and testing requirements
134
135 FOREWORD
136 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
137 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
138 co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electroni c fields. To this end and
139 in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
140 Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
141 preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
142 may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non -governmental organizations liaising
143 with the IEC also participate in this preparation.
144 IEEE Standards documents are developed within IEEE Societies and Standards Coordinating Committees of the
145 IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. IEEE develops its standards through a consensus
146 development process, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve
147 the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of IEEE and serve without compensation. While IEEE
148 administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, IEEE
149 does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its standards.
150 Use of IEEE Standards documents is wholly voluntary. IEEE documents are made available for use subject to
151 important notices and legal disclaimers (see http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html for more information).
152 IEC collaborates closely with IEEE in accordance with conditions determ ined by agreement between the two
153 organizations.
154 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
155 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representa tion from all
156 interested IEC National Committees. The formal decisions of IEEE on technical matters, once consensus within
157 IEEE Societies and Standards Coordinating Committees has been reached, is determined by a balanced ballot
158 of materially interested parties who indicate interest in reviewing the proposed standard. Final approval of the
159 IEEE standards document is given by the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE -SA) Standards Board.
160 3) IEC/IEEE Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
161 Committees/IEEE Societies in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical
162 content of IEC/IEEE Publications is accurate, IEC or IEEE cannot be held responsible for the way in which they
163 are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
164 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
165 (including IEC/IEEE Publications) transparently to the maximum extent possible in their nati onal and regional
166 publications. Any divergence between any IEC/IEEE Publication and the corresponding national or regional
167 publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
168 5) IEC and IEEE do not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certi fication bodies provide conformity
169 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC and IEEE are not responsible
170 for any services carried out by independent certification bodies.
171 6) All users should ensure that they have the l atest edition of this publication.
172 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or IEEE or their directors, employees, servants or agents including individual
173 experts and members of technical committees and IEC National Committees, or volunteers of IEEE Societies a nd
174 the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE -SA) Standards Board, for any
175 personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for
176 costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC/IEEE
177 Publication or any other IEC or IEEE Publications.
178 8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
179 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
180 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC/IEEE Publication may require use of
181 material covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence
182 or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. IEC or IEEE shall not be held responsible for identifying
183 Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into t he legal validity or
184 scope of Patent Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with
185 submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non -discriminatory.
186 Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk
187 of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
 31/1613/CD –6– IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

188 International Standard IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1 has been prepared by IEC technical commit tee
189 31: Equipment for explosive atmospheres , in cooperation with the Petroleum & Chemical
190 Industry Committee of the IEEE Industrial Applications Society under the IEC/IEEE Dual Logo
191 Agreement.

192 This publication is published as an IEC/IEEE Dual Logo standard .

193 NOTE A list of IEEE participants can be found at the following URL:
194 http://standards.ieee.org/downloads/60079/60079-30-1-2015/60079-30-1-2015_wg-participants.pdf .

195 This second edition of IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1 cancels and replaces the first edition of
196 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1 published in 2015 and constitutes a technical revision.

197 This edition includes the following significant changes , apart from the general revision and
198 updating of the first edition of IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1, with respect to the previous edition:

199 • Redefined Maximum withstand temperature as it applies to the performance benchmark

200 test
201 • Separated maximum maintain temperature and maximum continuous operating
202 temperature
203 • Addition of requirements for controllers and high temperature limiters
204 • Rewrite of the requirements for controlled desig n as it applies to the application of
205 controllers and high temperature limiters
206 • Addition of requirement for declaring various temperatures defined by the standard and
207 including them in user documentation
208 • Addition of Annex G for cryogenic application

209 The significance of changes between IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1, Edition 1.0 (2015) and IEC/IEEE
210 60079-30-1, Edition 2.0 (20) is as listed below:

Type

Changes Clause Minor and Extension Major

editorial technical
changes changes

• Redefined Maximum withstand

temperature as it applies to the
performance benchmark test. 3.22 X

• Separated maximum maintain

temperature and maximum continuous
operating temperature to clarify the 3.17 and
X
meaning of both terms 3.18

• Addition of requirements for controllers

and high temperature limiters, added
4.5.3
specific reference standards to confirm C1
compliance

• Rewrite of the requirements for

controlled design as it applies to the
application of controllers and high 4.5.3 C2
temperature limiters as for use in EPL’s
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 –7– 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

Type

Changes Clause Minor and Extension Major

editorial technical
changes changes

• Addition of requirement for specifying

various temperatures defined by the
standard and including them in user 4.1 and 7 C3
documentation

The increase of the use of trace heating in applications

Annex G X
for frost heave in cryogenic applications.

211 NOTE The technical changes referred to include the significance of technical changes in the revised IEC Standard,
212 but they do not form an exhaustive list of all modifications from the previous version.

213 Explanations:

214 A) Definitions

215 Minor and editorial changes

216 clarification
217 decrease of technical requirements
218 minor technical change
219 editorial corrections

220 These are changes which modify requirements in an editorial or a minor technical way. They
221 include changes of the wording to clarify technical r equirements without any technical change,
222 or a reduction in level of existing requirement.

223 Extension addition of technical options

 31/1613/CD –8– IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

224 These are changes which add new or modify existing technical requirements, in a way that new
225 options are given, but without increasing requirements for equipment that was fully compliant
226 with the previous standard. Therefore, these will not have to be considered for products in
227 conformity with the preceding edition.

228 Major technical changes

229 addition of technical requirements

230 increase of technical requirements

231 These are changes to technical requirements (addition, increase of the level or removal) made
232 in a way that a product in conformity with the preceding edition will not always be able to fulfil
233 the requirements given in the later edition. These changes have to be considered for products
234 in conformity with the preceding edition. For these changes additional information is provided
235 in clause B) below.

236 NOTE These changes represent current technological knowledge. However, these changes should not normally
237 have an influence on equipment already placed on the market.

238 B) Information about the background of ‘Major Technical Changes’

239 C1 There are no additional requirements for temperature controllers and high temperatur e
240 limiters beyond those of the general industrial standar ds

241 C2 The application of temperature controllers and high temperature limiters shall be as
242 specified.

243 C3 The documentation shall include the various temperatures specified in the standard

244

245 The text of this standard is based on the following IEC documents:

FDIS Report on voting

246
247 Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
248 voting indicated in the above table.

249 International standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives,
250 Part 2.

251 This standard is intended to be used in conjunction with IEC/IEEE 60079-30-2, Explosive
252 atmospheres – Part 30-2: Electrical resistance trace heating – Application guide for design,
253 installation and maintenance.

254 A list of all parts of IEC 60079 series, under the general title Explosive atmospheres, can be
255 found on the IEC website.

256 The IEC Technical Committee and IEEE Technical Committee have decided that the contents
257 of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website
258 under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
259 publication will be

260 • reconfirmed,
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 –9– 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

261 • withdrawn,
262 • replaced by a revised edition, or
263 • amended.

264

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

265

266
 31/1613/CD – 10 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

267 INTRODUCTION

268 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1 is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the essential

269 requirements and testing appropriate to electric surface heating equipment used in explosive
270 atmospheres. The requirements of this part of IEC 60079 are considered to be the minimum
271 requirements for equipment protection levels Gb, Gc, Db, and Dc in explosive atmospheres for
272 gases, dusts, and fibres/flyings. While some of this work already exists in national standards or
273 international standards, this standard has collated much of this existing work and added to it.
274 This standard also contains the minimum requirements for users applying the Division method
275 of area classification.

276
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 11 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

277 EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES –

278
279 Part 30-1: Electrical resistance trace heating –
280 General and testing requirements
281
282
283

284 1 Scope

285 This part of IEC 60079 specifies general and testing requirements for electrical resistance trace
286 heaters for application in explosive atmospheres with the exclusion of those for EPL Ga and
287 Da. This standard covers trace heaters that comprise either fact ory or field (work-site)
288 assembled units, and which can be series trace heaters, parallel trace heaters, trace heater
289 pads, or trace heater panels that have been assembled and/or terminated in accordance with
290 the manufacturer’s instructions.

291 This standard also includes requirements for termination assemblies and control methods used
292 with trace heating systems. The explosive atmospheres referred to in this standard are those
293 defined in IEC 60079-10-1 and IEC 60079-10-2.

294 Annexes E and F outline the application of this standard for those users applying the Division
295 method of area classification.

296 This standard supplements and modifies the general requirements of IEC 60079-0, except as
297 indicated in Table 1. Where a requirement of this standard conflicts with a requirement of
298 IEC 60079-0, the requirement of this standard takes precedence.

299 Table 1 – Application or exclusion of specific clauses of IEC 60079-0

Electrical resistance trace heaters and

IEC 60079-0
integral components Terminations as
Ed. 7.0 Clause / Subclause title Group I and Group II Group III separate
(2017) (normative) components
(informative)
1 Scope Applies Applies Applies
2 Normative references Applies Applies Applies
3 Terms and definitions Applies, Applies, Applies,
except ambient except ambient except ambient
temperature, see 3.1 temperature, see 3.1 temperature,
see 3.1
4 Equipment grouping

4.1 General Applies Applies Applies

4.2 Group I Excluded Excluded Excluded
4.3 Group II Applies Excluded Applies, outside
of thermal
insulation only
4.4 Group III Excluded Applies Applies
4.5 Equipment for a particular Applies Excluded Applies
explosive gas atmosphere
5 Temperatures
 31/1613/CD – 12 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

Electrical resistance trace heaters and

IEC 60079-0
integral components Terminations as
Ed. 7.0 Clause / Subclause title Group I and Group II Group III separate
(2017) (normative) components
(informative)
5.1 Environmental influences Applies Applies Applies
5.1.1 Ambient temperature Replaced by 6.1e) Replaced by 6.1e) Applies, see 3.1
5.1.2 External source of heating or Applies Applies Applies
cooling
5.2 Service temperature Modified Modified Applies
5.3 Maximum surface temperature
5.3.1 Determination of maximum Replaced by 4.5 in Replaced by 4.5 in Applies
surface temperature conjunction with 5.1.13 conjunction with
5.1.13 only when
tested in accordance
with 5.1.13.3.
5.3.2 Limitation of maximum surface temperature
5.3.2.1 Group I electrical equipment Applies Excluded Applies
5.3.2.2 Group II electrical equipment Applies Excluded Applies
5.3.2.3 Group III electrical equipment
5.3.2.3.1 Maximum surface temperature Excluded Applies, where the Applies
for EPL Da maximum sheath
temperatures
determined by
IEC/IEEE 60079-30-
1 are used in place of
the method for
temperature
determination from
IEC 60079-0.
5.3.2.3.2 Maximum surface temperature Excluded Applies, where the Applies
for EPL Db maximum sheath
temperature is
determined only for
those surfaces that
are specified to be
exposed to layers of
combustible dust.
Does not apply for
trace heaters
specified to be
covered by thermal
insulation.
5.3.2.3.3 Maximum surface temperature Excluded Applies, where the Applies
for EPL Dc maximum sheath
temperature is
determined only for
those surfaces that
are specified to be
exposed to layers of
combustible dust.
Does not apply for
trace heaters
specified to be
covered by thermal
insulation.
5.3.3 Small component temperature Excluded Excluded Applies
for Group I and Group II
electrical equipment
5.3.4 Component temperature of Excluded Excluded Applies
smooth surfaces for Group I or
Group II electrical equipment
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 13 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

Electrical resistance trace heaters and

IEC 60079-0
integral components Terminations as
Ed. 7.0 Clause / Subclause title Group I and Group II Group III separate
(2017) (normative) components
(informative)
6 Requirements for all equipment
6.1 General Applies Applies Applies
6.2 Mechanical strength of Replaced by 4.2 Replaced by 4.2 When in direct
equipment contact with the
trace heater, may
be substituted by
4.2
6.3 Opening times Excluded Excluded Applies
6.4 Circulating currents in Excluded Excluded Excluded
enclosures (e.g. of large
electrical machines)
6.5 Gasket retention Excluded Excluded Applies
6.6 Electromagnetic and ultrasonic Excluded Excluded Applies
radiating equipment
7 Non-metallic enclosures and non-metallic parts of enclosures
7.1 General
7.1.1 Applicability Replaced by the last Replaced by the last Applies
paragraph of 4.1 paragraph of 4.1
7.1.2 Specification of materials
7.1.2.1 General Replaced by the last Replaced by the last Applies
paragraph of 4.1 paragraph of 4.1
7.1.2.2 Plastic materials Replaced by the last Replaced by the last Applies
paragraph of 4.1 paragraph of 4.1
7.1.2.3 Elastomers Replaced by the last Replaced by the last Applies
paragraph of 4.1 paragraph of 4.1
7.1.2.4 Materials used for cementing Replaced by the last Replaced by the last Applies
paragraph of 4.1 paragraph of 4.1
7.2 Thermal endurance Replaced by Replaced by Applies
requirements and tests requirements and
of this standard tests of this standard
7.3 Resistance to light Replaced by 5.1.16 for Replaced by 5.1.16 Applies
trace heaters and for trace heaters and
integral components integral components
specified for outdoor specified for outdoor
exposure exposure
7.4 Electrostatic charges on Excluded Excluded Applies
external non-metallic materials
7.5 Attached external conductive Excluded Excluded Applies
parts
8 Metallic enclosures and metallic parts of enclosures
8.1 Material composition Applies to trace Applies to trace Applies
heaters and integral heaters and integral
components with components with
metallic outer sheath or metallic outer sheath
overjacket. or overjacket.
8.2 Group I Excluded Excluded Applies
8.3 Group II Applies to trace Excluded Applies
heaters and integral
components with
metallic outer sheath or
overjacket.
 31/1613/CD – 14 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

Electrical resistance trace heaters and

IEC 60079-0
integral components Terminations as
Ed. 7.0 Clause / Subclause title Group I and Group II Group III separate
(2017) (normative) components
(informative)
8.4 Group III Excluded Applies to trace Applies
heaters and integral
components with
metallic outer sheath
or overjacket.
8.5 Copper Alloys Applies to trace Applies to trace Applies
heaters and integral heaters and integral
components with components with
metallic outer sheath or metallic outer sheath
overjacket. or overjacket.
9 Fasteners Excluded Excluded Applies
10 Interlocking devices Excluded Excluded Applies
11 Bushings Excluded Excluded Applies
12 (Reserved for future use)
13 Ex Components Applies Applies Applies
14 Connection facilities and Covered by the Covered by the Applies
termination compartments requirements of this requirements of this
standard standard
15 Connection facilities for Replaced by 5.1.15 Replaced by 5.1.15 Applies
earthing and bonding
conductors
16 Entries into enclosures Excluded Excluded Applies
17 Supplementary requirements Excluded Excluded Excluded
for rotating electrical machines
18 Supplementary requirements Excluded Excluded Excluded
for switchgear
19 (Reserved for future use)

20 Supplementary requirements Excluded Excluded Applies

for external plugs, socket
outlets and connectors for field
wiring connection
21 Supplementary requirements Excluded Excluded Excluded
for luminaires
22 Supplementary requirements Excluded Excluded Excluded
for caplights and handlights
23 Equipment incorporating cells Excluded Excluded Applies
and batteries
24 Documentation Applies Applies Applies
25 Compliance of prototype or Applies Applies Applies
sample with documents
26.1 General Applies Applies Applies
26.2 Test configuration Appliesd Applies Applies
26.3 Tests in explosive test mixtures Excluded Excluded Applies
26.4 Tests of enclosures
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 15 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

Electrical resistance trace heaters and

IEC 60079-0
integral components Terminations as
Ed. 7.0 Clause / Subclause title Group I and Group II Group III separate
(2017) (normative) components
(informative)

26.4.1 Order of tests Excluded Excluded Applies

26.4.2 Resistance to impact Excluded Excluded Applies

26.4.3 Drop test Excluded Excluded Excluded
26.4.4 Acceptance criteria Excluded Replaced by 5.1.5 Applies
Excluded
26.4.5 Degree of protection by Excluded Excluded Applies
enclosure
26.5 Thermal tests

26.5.1 Temperature measurement Replaced by 5.1.13 Replaced by 5.1.13 Applies

26.5.2 Thermal shock test Excluded Excluded Applies
26.5.3 Small component ignition test Excluded Excluded Applies
26.6 Torque test for bushings Excluded Excluded Applies
26.7 Non-metallic enclosures or non- Excluded Excluded Applies
metallic parts of enclosures
26.8 Thermal endurance to heat Replaced by 5.1.11 Replaced by 5.1.11 Applies
26.9 Thermal endurance to cold Replaced by 5.1.7 Replaced by 5.1.7 Applies
26.10 Resistance to light Replaced by 5.1.16 for Replaced by 5.1.16 Applies
trace heaters and for trace heaters and
integral components integral components
specified for outdoor specified for outdoor
exposure exposure
26.11 Resistance to chemical agents Applies for Group I Excluded Applies
for Group I electrical equipment
26.12 Earth continuity Excluded Excluded Applies
26.13 Surface resistance test of parts Excluded Excluded Applies
of enclosures of non-metallic
materials
26.14 Measurement of capacitance Excluded Excluded Applies
26.15 Verification of ratings of Excluded Excluded Excluded
ventilating fans
26.16 Alternative qualification of Excluded Excluded Applies
elastomeric sealing O-rings
27 Routine tests Applies Applies Applies
28 Manufacturers responsibility Applies Applies Applies
29 Marking

29.1 Applicability Applies Applies Applies

29.2 Location Replaced by Error! R Replaced by Error! R Applies
eference source not eference source not
 31/1613/CD – 16 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

Electrical resistance trace heaters and

IEC 60079-0
integral components Terminations as
Ed. 7.0 Clause / Subclause title Group I and Group II Group III separate
(2017) (normative) components
(informative)
found. and Error! found. and Error!
Reference source not Reference source
found. not found.
29.3 General Applies in principle, Applies in principle, Applies
modified by Error! R modified by Error! R
eference source not eference source not
found. and Error! found. and Error!
Reference source not Reference source
found. not found.
29.4 Ex marking for explosive gas Applies in principle, Applies in principle, Applies
atmospheres modified by Error! R modified by Error! R
eference source not eference source not
found. and Error! found. and Error!
Reference source not Reference source
found. not found.
29.5 Ex marking for explosive dust Applies in principle, Applies in principle, Applies
atmospheres modified by Error! R modified by Error! R
eference source not eference source not
found. and Error! found. and Error!
Reference source not Reference source
found. not found.
29.6 Combined types (or levels) of Applies for complete Applies for complete Applies
protection trace heating systems trace heating
systems
29.7 Multiple types of protection Applies for complete Applies for complete Applies
trace heating systems trace heating
systems
29.8 Ga equipment using two Excluded Excluded Excluded
independent Gb types (or
levels) of protection
29.9 Boundary wall Excluded Excluded Excluded
29.10 Ex Components Applies in principle, Applies in principle, Applies
modified by Error! R modified by Error! R
eference source not eference source not
found. and Error! found. and Error!
Reference source not Reference source
found. not found.
29.11 Small Ex Equipment and small Applies in principle for Applies in principle Applies
Ex Components integral components for integral
modified by Error! R components modified
eference source not by Error! Reference s
found. ource not found.
29.12 Extremely small Ex Equipment Applies in principle for Applies in principle Applies
and extremely small Ex integral components for integral
Components modified by Error! R components modified
eference source not by Error! Reference s
found. ource not found.
29.13 Warning markings Applies for complete Applies for complete Applies
trace heating systems trace heating
systems
29.14 Cells and batteries Excluded Excluded Applies
29.15 Electric machines operated with Excluded Excluded Excluded
a converter
29.16 Examples of marking Applies in principle, Applies in principle, Applies
modified by Error! R modified by Error! R
eference source not eference source not
found. and Error! found. and Error!
Reference source not Reference source
found. not found.
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 17 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

Electrical resistance trace heaters and

IEC 60079-0
integral components Terminations as
Ed. 7.0 Clause / Subclause title Group I and Group II Group III separate
(2017) (normative) components
(informative)
30 Instructions Replaced by Error! R Replaced by Error! R Applies
eference source not eference source not
found. found.
Annex A Supplementary requirements Excluded for integral Excluded for integral Applies also to
for Ex cable glands components components cable glands that
are integral part
of:
- Enclosures;
- enclosure
support
devices with
trace heater or
cable entries;
- connection-,
splice-, and/or
end termination
kits.
Annex B Requirements for Ex Applies with above Applies with above Applies
components mentioned mentioned
modifications modifications
Annex C Example of rig for resistance to Replaced by 5.1.5 Replaced by 5.1.5 Applies
impact test
Annex D Electric machines connected to Excluded Excluded Excluded
converters
Annex E Temperature evaluation of Excluded Excluded Excluded
electric machines
Annex F Guideline flowchart for tests of Excluded Excluded Applies
non-metallic enclosures or non-
metallic parts of enclosures
(26.4)
Annex G Guidance flowchart for tests of Excluded for integral Excluded for integral Applies also to
cable glands components components cable glands that
are integral part
of:
- Enclosures;
- enclosure
support
devices with
trace heater or
cable entries;
- connection-,
splice-, and/or
end termination
kits.
Annex H Shaft voltages resulting in Excluded Excluded Excluded
motor bearing or shaft brush
sparking Discharge energy
calculation

NOTE 1 Clause numbers in the three right-hand columns of this table refer to IEC/IEEE 60079 -30-1
NOTE 2 The clause number in the above table is shown for information only. The applicable requirements of IEC 60079-
0 are identified by the clause title which is normative.

Applies: this requirement of IEC 60079-0 is applied without change.

Excluded: this requirement of IEC 60079-0 does not apply.
Modified: this requirement of IEC 60079-0 is modified as detailed in this standard.
 31/1613/CD – 18 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

300

301 2 Normative references

302 The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
303 are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
304 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
305 applies.

306 IEC 60050-151, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 151: Electrical and magnetic
307 devices

308 IEC 60050-426, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 426: Equipment for explosive
309 atmospheres

310 IEC 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres – Part 0: Equipment – General requirements

311 IEC 60695-11-3, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-3: Test flames – 500 W flames – Apparatus and
312 confirmational test methods

313 ISO 4582, Plastics – Determination of changes in colour and variations in properties after
314 exposure to daylight under glass, natural weathering or laboratory light sources

315 ISO 4892-1, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 1: General
316 guidance

317 ISO 4892-2, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 2: Xenon-arc
318 lamps

319 ASTM D5025, Standard specification for laboratory burner used for small -scale burning tests
320 on plastic materials

321 ASTM G155, Standard practice for operating xenon arc light apparatus for exposure of non-
322 metallic materials

323 3 Terms and definitions

324 For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60079-0, IEC 60079-
325 7, IEC 60050-151 and IEC 60050-426 (except as modified by this clause) as well as the
326 following apply.

327 3.1
328 ambient temperature
329 trace heating
330 temperature surrounding the object under consideration

331 NOTE Where a trace heater or surface heater is enclosed in thermal insulation, the ambient tem perature is the
332 temperature external to the thermal insulation.

333 3.1.1
334 maximum ambient temperature
335 highest specified ambient temperature
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 19 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

336 3.1.2
337 minimum ambient temperature
338 trace heating
339 lowest ambient temperature specified at which trace heating is operable and per forms according
340 to specified requirements (and on which heat-loss calculations are based)

341 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-20]

342 3.2
343 branch circuit
344 portion of the wiring installation between the overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the
345 trace heater unit(s)

346 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-02]

347 3.3
348 connection (termination)
349 termination or splice used to attach trace heaters or surface heaters to power wiring or to
350 connect sections of these devices

351 3.3.1
352 cold lead
353 electrically insulated conductor or conductors that do not produce significant heat and are used
354 to connect a trace heater to a branch circuit

355 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-03]

356 3.3.2
357 end termination
358 termination, which can be heat producing, applied to a trace heater at the end opposite to that
359 where the power is supplied

360 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-04]

361 3.3.3
362 power termination
363 termination applied to the end of a trace heater at which the power is supplied

364 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-05]

365 3.3.4
366 tee
367 electrical connection of trace heaters, in series or in parallel, to accommodate a branch or a
368 branch circuit

369 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-06, modified ("tee or branch" replaced by "branch or
370 a branch circuit")]

371 3.4
372 controlled design
373 design where the applicable temperature controller and/or high temperature limiter is used in
374 establishing/limiting the maximum sheath temperature
 31/1613/CD – 20 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

375 3.5
376 dead leg
377 trace heating
378 segment of process piping segregated from the normal flow pattern for the purpose of providing
379 a heat loss reference

380 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-07]

381 3.6
382 design loading
383 minimum power that meets the design requirements, in the specified adverse conditions
384 (minimum ambient and maximum wind velocity), after voltage and resistance tolerances and
385 appropriate safety factors have been considered

386 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-08]

387 3.7
388 electrically conductive covering
389 metallic braid, metallic sheath, or alternative covering with sufficient conductivity so that, when
390 bonded to ground, it will allow a ground fault protective device to operate under a fault condition

391 3.8
392 factory fabricated
393 trace heating
394 trace heater unit or set, including the necessary terminations and connections, assembled by
395 the manufacturer

396 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-09]

397 3.9
398 field assembled
399 trace heating
400 trace heaters supplied unterminated with terminating components to be assembled at the
401 work site[SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-10]

402 3.10
403 heat loss
404 energy flow from a workpiece, pipe, or vessel or equipment to its surroundings

405 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-11]

406 3.11
407 heat sink
408 part that conducts and dissipates heat away from a workpiece

409 Note 1 to entry: Typical heat sinks are pipe shoes, pipe supports and items of large mass such as valve actuators
410 or pump bodies.

411 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-12]

412 3.12
413 heat transfer aid
414 thermally conductive material, such as metallic foil or heat transfer compound used to increase
415 the heat transfer efficiency from trace heaters to the workpiece
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 21 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

416 3.13 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-13]

417 high limit temperature
418 maximum allowable temperature of the system, including piping, fluid an d trace heating system

419 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-16, modified (addition of "trace")]

420 3.14
421 high temperature limiter
422 safety device, or combination of safety devices, incorporating a means of sensing temperature
423 and a means of switching power to the trace heater before the maximum surface temperature
424 is exceeded

425 3.15
426 integral components
427 component such as a heat shrink termination, a cold lead connection, a molded end seal, or a
428 splice, which conforms to the general shape of the trace heater and is exposed to the same
429 environment as the trace heater, which can be factory fabricated or field assembled, and is not
430 intended to be re-used in the event of a repair or modification

431 3.16
432 maximum continuous exposure temperature (trace heater de-energized)
433 highest allowable continuous temperature to which the trace heating system can be exposed
434 as declared by the manufacturer

435 3.17
436 maximum maintain temperature
437 specified maximum workpiece or process temperature the trace heater can maintain as declared
438 by the manufacturer

439 3.18
440 maximum continuous operating temperature
441 specified maximum workpiece temperature, the trace heater, can operate continuously when
442 energized as declared by the manufacturer

443 3.19
444 maximum intermittent exposure temperature
445 highest allowable intermittent temperature to which a trace heater can be exposed, as declared
446 by the manufacturer

447 3.20
448 maintain temperature
449 specified temperature of a workpiece or process that the trace heaters shall be able to maintain

450 3.21
451 maximum sheath temperature
452 maximum temperature of the outermost continuous covering of a trace heater

453 3.22
454 maximum withstand temperature
455 maximum continuous exposure temperature or the maximum intermittent exposure
456 temperature (energized or de-energized) whichever is higher, as declared by the
457 manufacturer

458 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-18]

 31/1613/CD – 22 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

459 3.23
460 minimum installation temperature
461 minimum temperature at which the trace heating system can be handled and installed

462 3.24
463 MI trace heater
464 mineral insulated metal sheathed trace heater typically containing one or more heating
465 conductors

466 3.25
467 operating voltage
468 actual voltage applied to the trace heater when in service

469 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-21]

470 3.26
471 outdoor exposure
472 exposure to outdoor conditions of ultraviolet light and moisture

473 3.27
474 overjacket
475 continuous layer of material applied over the trace heater to provide mechanical or
476 environmental protection

477 3.28
478 parallel trace heater(s)
479 heating elements that are electrically connected in parallel, either continuously or in zones, so
480 that the power output per lineal length is maintained, irrespective of any change in length for
481 the continuous type or for any number of discrete zones

482 3.29
483 rated output
484 total power or power per unit length or unit surface area of a trace heater, at rated voltage,
485 temperature and length or area

486 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-24, modified (removal of "which is normally

487 expressed in watts, watts per metre or watts per square metre")]

488 3.30
489 rated voltage
490 trace heating
491 rated value of the voltage assigned by the manufacturer to which operating and performance
492 characteristics of trace heaters are referred

493 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-25, modified (addition of "assigned by the

494 manufacturer")]

495 3.31
496 routine test
497 test that is carried out by the manufacturer of the trace heater on all trace heaters during or
498 after the production process
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 23 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

499 3.32
500 series trace heater(s)
501 heating elements electrically connected in series with a single current path and with a specific
502 resistance at a given temperature for a given length

503 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-26]

504 3.33
505 sheath
506 trace heating
507 uniform and continuous metallic or non-metallic outer covering enclosing the trace heater used
508 to provide protection against influence from the surroundings (corrosion, moisture , abrasion
509 etc.)

510 Note 1 to entry: See overjacket, 3.27.

511 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-26, modified (addition of Note 1 to entry)]

512 3.34
513 sheath temperature
514 trace heating
515 temperature of the outermost continuous covering (braid, sheath, or overjacket) that can be
516 exposed to the surrounding atmosphere

517 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-28]

518 3.35
519 stabilized design
520 design where the temperature of the trace heater, by design and use, stabilize s below the high
521 limit temperature, under the most unfavourable conditions

522 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-29]

523 3.36
524 start-up current
525 current response of a trace heater following energization

526 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-30, modified ("immediately upon energizing"

527 replaced by "following energization")]

528 3.37
529 surface heater
530 trace heater pad or trace heater panel

531 3.38
532 system documentation
533 trace heating
534 information prepared by the manufacturer to allow satisfactory understanding, installation and
535 safe use of the trace heating system

536 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-31]

 31/1613/CD – 24 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

537 3.39
538 temperature controller
539 device or combination of devices incorporating a means of sensing temperature and of
540 controlling the energy to the trace heater

541 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-34]

542 3.40
543 temperature sensor
544 (temperature sensing element)
545 device designed to respond to temperature providing an electrical signal or mechanical
546 operation

547 3.41
548 thermal insulation
549 material having air- or gas-filled pockets, voids, or heat reflecting surfaces that, when properly
550 applied, retards the transfer of heat

551 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-36]

552 3.42
553 trace heater
554 device of linear geometry designed for the purpose of producing heat on the principle of
555 electrical resistance and typically composed of one or more metallic conduc tors and/or an
556 electrically conductive material, suitably electrically insulated and protected

557 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-37]

558 3.43
559 trace heater pad
560 trace heater comprising series or parallel connected elements having sufficient flexibility to
561 conform to the shape of the surface to be heated

562 3.44
563 trace heater panel
564 non-flexible trace heater comprising series or parallel connected elements fabricated to conform
565 to the general shape of the surface to be heated

566 3.45
567 trace heater unit
568 (trace heater set)
569 series trace heater, parallel trace heater, trace heater pad or trace heater panel suitably
570 terminated in conformity with the manufacturer’s instructions

571 3.46
572 trace heating
573 utilization of electric trace heaters, trace heater pads, trace heater panels and support
574 components, used to maintain or to raise the temperature of contents in piping, tanks and
575 associated equipment

576 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-39, modified (removal of "externally applied")]

577 3.47
578 trace heating system
579 usage of trace heating including all necessary design and installation documentation
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 25 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

580 3.48
581 trace ratio
582 ratio of trace heater length to pipe length

583 3.49
584 type test
585 conformity test made on one or more items representative of the production

586 3.50
587 weather barrier
588 material that, when installed on the outer surface of thermal insulation, protects the thermal
589 insulation from water or other liquids, from physical damage caused by ice pellets, wind or
590 mechanical abuse and from deterioration caused by solar radiation or atmospheric
591 contamination

592 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-40, modified (replacement of "sleet" by "ice pellets")]

593 3.51
594 workpiece
595 trace heating
596 object to which a trace heater is applied

597 Note 1 to entry: Examples include process equipment such as piping, vessels, tanks, valves, instruments and
598 similar equipment.

599 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-426:2008, 426-20-41, modified (addition of Note 1 to entry)]

600 4 General requirements

601 4.1 General

602 The requirements of this standard confirm that e lectrical resistance trace heating within the
603 scope of this standard has been designed and constructed so as to validate electrical, thermal
604 and mechanical durability and reliable performance.

605 Trace heaters shall be provided with an evenly-distributed electrically conductive covering that
606 shall cover at least 70 % of the surface. The calculation methodology for coverage is given in
607 Annex D. Trace heater pads and panels shall be constructed such that the electrically
608 conductive covering shall be opposite the surface to be heated. The electrically conductive
609 covering shall either be suitable for use in the particular atmosphere(s) or have a suitable non-
610 metallic overjacket over the covering. In the instructions prepared in accordance with IEC
611 60079-0, the manufacturer shall specify the maximum withstand temperature in degrees
612 Celsius. The materials used in the trace heater and integral components shall withstand a
613 temperature of no less than the manufacturer's declared maximum withstand temperature +20
614 K, when tested in accordance with 5.1.11. The schedule drawings shall include the specification
615 of non-metallic materials on which the mechanical strength and the electrical insulation depend
616 (between the heater and other conductive parts) which shall include identification of the material
617 type.

618 4.2 Mechanical strength

619 The mechanical strength of trace heaters shall be determined by the tests in 5.1.5, 5.1.6, 5.1.7
620 and 5.1.11.
 31/1613/CD – 26 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

621 Trace heaters which are identified for use only in areas with a low risk of mechanical damage
622 are subjected to a reduced energy in the impact tests in 5.1.5 and a reduced force in the
623 deformation test in 5.1.6, and shall be clearly marked as specified in 7.4 e).

624 Trace heaters may be supplied with additional mechanical protection to meet the requirements
625 of this standard if they are supplied as an integral assembly ( prefabricated), and contain the
626 following statement in the instructions: “This mechanical covering shall not be removed and the
627 trace heaters shall not be operated without the mechanical covering being in place”. In this case
628 the tests in 5.1.5 and 5.1.6 shall be performed with the additional mechanical protection
629 installed on the trace heater.

630 4.3 Terminations and connections

631 Terminations and connections shall be identified as an integral part of a trace heater, or shall
632 be identified separately, as Ex equipment or as Ex components in accordance with IEC 60079-
633 0. Integral terminations and connections are tested as part of a representative trace heater unit;
634 see5.1.

635 Electrical connectors supplied with integral components shall be suitable for the current-
636 carrying capacity of the trace heating conductors declared by the manufacturer and shall meet
637 the other prescribed testing in this standard .

638 Electrical resistance trace heater terminations identified as separate components shall comply
639 with the requirements of one or more of the types of protection listed in IEC 60079-0 suitable
640 for the application, which are supplemented and modified by the requirements of this standard.
641 See also Error! Reference source not found..

642 Specific consideration shall be given to the service temperature profile of junction boxes in
643 which the trace heater is terminated.

644 4.4 Circuit protection requirements for branch circuits

645 Trace heating systems for use in explosive atmospheres shall as a minimum have:

646 a) a means of isolating all line conductors from the supply;

647 b) over-current protection provided for each branch circuit;
648 c) a means of protecting against earth faults by disconnecting all line conductors.
649 1) For TT and TN systems, each trace heater or trace heater branch circuit, the electrical
650 protection shall be capable of interrupting high impedance earth faults as well as short-
651 circuit faults. This shall be accomplished by an earth-fault protective device, or a controller
652 with earth-fault interruption capability for use in conjunction with suitable circuit
653 protection. The preferred trip level is nominal 30 mA or 30 mA above any inherent
654 capacitive leakage characteristic of the heater as specified by the trace heater supplier.
655 2) For IT systems, an electrical insulation monitoring device shall be installed to disconnect
656 the supply whenever the electrical resistance is not greater than 50 /V of rated voltage.
657 Exception: Regarding 4.4 c) 1) and c) 2), where the instructions prepared in accordance
658 with IEC 60079-0 details conditions of maintenance and supervision to ensure that only
659 qualified persons service the installed systems, and continued circuit operation is necessary
660 for the safe operation of the equipment or processes, earth -fault detection without
661 interruption is acceptable if alarmed in a manner to assure an acknowledged response.

662 The requirements of a), b), and c) may be performed by one device.

663 NOTE 1 The application of the above exception is to be at the discretion of the end user.

664 NOTE 2 This information is specified to be provided with the product documentation as indicated in Clause 7.
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 27 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

665 4.5 Temperature requirements

666 4.5.1 General

667 A trace heating system shall be designed so that the sheath temperature of the trace heaters
668 shall not exceed the specified temperature class or ignition temperature, minus 5 K for
669 temperatures less than or equal to 200 °C or minus 10 K for temperatures greater than 200 °C.
670 The maximum sheath temperature of the trace heater shall also be less than the maximum
671 withstand temperature.

672 Maximum sheath temperatures of trace heaters shall be determined for the proper application
673 of the heater. The sheath temperature is dependent on the heater power output, overall heat
674 transfer coefficient, and the temperature of the surface being heated .

675 The maximum sheath temperature shall be determined either by:

676 1) the product classification method in accordance with 5.1.13.3;

677 2) a stabilized design in accordance with 4.5.2; or
678 3) a controlled design in accordance with 4.5.3.

679 Requirements for equipment for use in facilities using the Division method of area classification
680 are given in 0.

681 4.5.2 Stabilized design

682 The maximum sheath temperature obtained by stabilized design is based on the energy balance
683 of heat loss and heat production of a system. The energy balance is determined by calculations
684 based on system parameters.

685 The design calculations, system parameters and methods for stabilized design shall be included
686 as a “related drawing” in the documentation prepared in accordance with IEC 60079 -0 and
687 compared to the test results from 3. Table 2 gives the design conditions for various equipment
688 protection levels for the stabilized design approach.

689 Design conditions of no-wind, the maximum ambient temperature and the system heat transfer
690 coefficient shall be used to calculate the maximum workpiece temperature and maximum sheath
691 temperature. Guidance for the design calculations is provided in Annex C.

692 Table 2 – Sheath temperature design conditions based on equipment

693 protection levels – Stabilized design approach

Item EPL Gb/Db EPL Gc/Dc

Percent of operating voltage 110 110
a
Maximum workpiece temperature for calculation --- --- a
Maximum wind speed for calculation 0 0
a
The workpiece temperature (T pr or T pm , whichever is greater) is used to calculate the
maximum sheath temperature- see Annex C.

694 4.5.3 Controlled design

695 4.5.3.1 General

696 The maximum sheath temperature obtained through controlled design is based on energy
697 limitation by temperature controllers and/or high temperature limiters. There are no additional
 31/1613/CD – 28 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

698 requirements for temperature controllers and high temperature limiters beyond those of the
699 general industrial standards.

700 Note Typical general industrial requirements for temperature controllers and high temperature limiters can be found
701 in the following documents. It is not a requirement of this standard that conformity to those standards be verified.

702 a) IEC 61010-1, Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use; Part 1: General Requirements
703 b) IEC 60730-2-9, Automatic electrical controls - Part 2-9: Particular requirements for temperature sensing control
704 c) UL 508, Industrial Controls
705 d) CSA C22.2 No. 14, Industrial control equipment
706 e) UL 873, Temperature-Indicating and -Regulating Equipment

707 f) CSA C22.2 No. 24, Temperature Indicating and Regulating Equipment

708 g) IEC TS 60079-42 Explosive atmospheres - Part 42: Electrical safety devices for the control of potential ignition sources
709 for Ex-Equipment

710

711 High temperature limiters are to be set to a temperature no greater than the maximum allowable
712 temperature corresponding to the temperature class reduced by;

713 (1) the predicted temperature difference (T offset ) between the temperature controller
714 and/or high temperature limiter set point and the maximum sheath temperature of the
715 trace heater, and by
716 (2) the amount specified in 4.5.1.

717 There are three controlled design methods for limiting the maximum sheath temperature. These
718 are only suitable for situations where the workpiece is not subjected to additional sources of
719 heat.:

720 a) By limiting the maximum workpiece temperature. The temperature controller sensor and/or
721 the high temperature limiter sensor is installed directly on the workpiece.
722 b) By using a high temperature limiter with the sensor attached to the trace heater which is
723 installed on the workpiece. Each application requires correlation for the specific trace
724 heater, power output level, and the limiter/sensor characteristics.
725 c) By creating an artificial hot spot where a high temperature limiter sensor is attached to the
726 trace heater which is located on a thermal insulation spacer on the workpiece. Each
727 application requires correlation for the specific trace heater, power output level,
728 limiter/sensor characteristics, and insulation spacer.

729 The manufacturer predicts T offset according to the design conditions in Table 3. The
730 manufacturer shall support the calculation method for sheath temperature by comparing the
731 predicted results to test results from 5.1.13.23.

732 NOTE For calculation of T offset (= T sh – T L ) refer to Annex C. T offset is the empirically determined temperature
733 difference between the sensor and the actual maximum tracer sheath temperature. T offset is a function of variables
734 such as geometry and mass of trace heater and sensor, power output of the trace heater, heat transfer coefficient,
735 and control system hysteresis.

736 Table 3 – Sheath temperature design conditions based on equipment

737 protection levels EPLs – Controlled design approach

Item EPL Gb/Db EPL Gc/Dc

Percent of operating voltage 110 110
a
Maximum workpiece temperature for calculation --- --- a or b
Maximum wind speed for calculation 0 0
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 29 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

a
Use the set point of the high temperature limiter or equivalent means according to 0.
b
Use the set point of the temperature controller according to 0.

738

739 4.5.3.2 Application of temperature controllers and high temperature limiters for
740 EPLs Gb and Db
741 If any portion of the trace heater passes through an area requiring EPL Gb and/or Db, in addition to
742 the existing temperature controller, a high temperature limiter or equivalent means shall ensure that
743 the system does not exceed the maximum permissible sheath temperature. When a temperature
744 controller or high temperature limiter is not used the requirements of section 4.5.3.2 do not apply.

745 The temperature controller and high temperature limiter function shall meet the capability and
746 functional requirements as follows:

747 1) the high temperature limiter or equivalent means device actuator, control logic, and sensor
748 shall be independent of the temperature controller switching means, control logic, and
749 temperature sensor; both may operate from the same main power supply, utilize the same
750 high temperature alarm annunciation relay, and have the same user interface;
751 2) the high temperature limiter or equivalent means device shall de -energize the trace heater
752 and shall annunciate an alarm when the set point is reached; If the trace heater is not
753 energized when the set point is reached, an alarm is not required.
754

755 3) the high temperature limiter or equivalent means device alarm shall be visible and/or audible
756 to an operator
757 4) when the high temperature limiter or equivalent means device alarm is activated, the alarm
758 shall be manually reset by the operator only after normal operating conditions have been
759 returned
760 5) the set point of the high temperature limiter or equivalent means device shall be
761 mechanically or electronically locked to prevent unauthorized access;
762 6) both the temperature controller and high temperature limiter or equivalent means device
763 shall detect a sensor(s) malfunction, de-energize the trace heater, and annunciate when
764 such a malfunction occurs
765 7) in the event of a loss of power to the temperature controller , the high temperature limiter,
766 or the equivalent means device the trace heater shall be de-energized
767 8) the switching means for the temperature controller shall be rated for a minimum of 100
768 000 cycles of endurance; and the switching means for the high temperature limiter or
769 equivalent means device shall be rated for a minimum of 6 000 cycles of endurance

770 4.5.3.3 Applications for temperature controllers for EPLs Gc and Dc

771

772 If any portion of the trace heater passes through an area requiring EPL Gc or Dc, a single temperature
773 controller, a high temperature limiter, or a redundant controller shall ensure that the maximum sheath
774 temperature is not exceeded according to 4.5.1

775

776 1) When a single temperature controller is utilized, it shall meet the capability and functional
777 requirements as follows:
778
 31/1613/CD – 30 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

779 a) the temperature controller shall de-energize the trace heater and shall annunciate an alarm
780 when the high temperature alarm set point is reached;
781 b) the temperature controller shall detect a temperature sensor malfunction, de -energize
782 the trace heater, and annunciate an alarm when such a malfunction occurs ;
783 c) in the event of a loss of power to the temperature controller, de -energize the trace
784 heater, and annunciate when such a malfunction occurs;
785 d) the alarm or annunciation shall be visible and /or audible to an operator
786 e) the temperature controller load switching means shall be rated for a minimum of 250
787 000 cycles of endurance.
788

789 2) When a high temperature limiter is utilized, it shall meet the capability and functional
790 requirements as follows:
791

792 a) the high temperature limiter shall de-energize the trace heater and shall annunciate an
793 alarm when the set point is reached;
794 b) the set point of the high temperature limiter shall be mechanically or electronically
795 locked to prevent unauthorized access;
796 c) detect a sensor malfunction, de-energize the trace heater, and annunciate when such a
797 malfunction occurs
798 d) the alarm or annunciation shall be visible and /or audible to an operator;
799 e) once an alarm or annunciation is activated, acknowledgement from the operator shall
800 be required before resetting and re-energizing the trace heater;
801 f) be rated for a minimum of 6 000 cycles of endurance
802 3) When redundant temperature controllers are utilized they shall meet the capability and
803 functional requirements as follows:
804 a) one of the temperature controllers shall de-energize the trace heater and shall
805 annunciate an alarm when the high temperature set point is reached
806 b) both temperature controllers shall detect a temperature sensor malfunction, de-energize
807 the trace heater, and annunciate when such a malfunction occurs
808 c) in the event of a loss of power to either temperature controller, the trace heater shall
809 be de-energized, and an alarm shall be annunciated when such a malfunction occurs;
810 d) the temperature controller load switching means shall be rated for a minimum of 100
811 000 cycles of endurance
812 Alternately, temperature controller(s) and/or high temperature limiters according to 4.5.3.2 may be
813 used.

814

815 5 Testing

816 5.1 Type tests

817 5.1.1 General

818 The provisions of IEC 60079-0 as specified in Error! Reference source not found. apply with t
819 he following additions. Samples of trace he aters at least 3 m in length, unless otherwise
820 specified, shall be selected for testing. Tests shall be conducted at a temperature between
821 10 °C and 40 °C unless otherwise stated. Integral components shall be subjected to the same
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 31 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

822 tests as the trace heater, except where otherwise noted. The test samples needed for the type
823 tests are summarized in Annex A.

824 NOTE As specified in IEC 60079-0, due to the safety factors incorporated in the types of protection, the uncertainty
825 of measurement inherent in good quality, regularly calibrated measurement equipment is considered to have no
826 significant detrimental effect and need not be taken into account when making the measurements necessary to verify
827 compliance to this standard.

828 5.1.2 Dielectric test

829 The dielectric test shall be performed on trace heaters in accordance with Table 4 on test
830 sample(s) prepared as described in 5.1.1.

831 Table 4 – Test voltages for the dielectric test

Rated voltage Test voltage

V a.c. (r.m.s.)

 30 V a.c. (r.m.s.) 500

 60 V d.c. 500

 30 V a.c. (r.m.s.) 2 U + 1 000 1

 60 V d.c. 2 U + 1 000 1
1
For MI trace heaters, the required test voltage shall be reduced to 2 U + 500 for products
rated at or over 30 V a.c., or to 2U + 500 for products rated at or over 60 V d.c.
832

833 The test voltage, where U is the rated voltage, shall be applied between the conductors and the
834 electrically conductive covering at a rate of rise of neither less than 100 V/s nor more than
−0
835 200 V/s and maintained for (60 ) s without dielectric breakdown. The test voltage waveform
+5
836 shall be essentially sinusoidal, with a frequency of 45 Hz to 65 Hz. Alternatively the dielectric
837 test may be conducted by submerging the trace heater in tap water at room temperature
838 (resistivity typically 500 ·m). The ground braid or sheath shall be bonded to the water and the
839 voltage shall be applied between the conductors and the water.

840 When determining U, the correct use of Phase to Phase or Phase to Neutral voltage levels shall
841 be considered.

842 5.1.3 Electrical insulation resistance test

843 The electrical insulation resistance test shall be conducted after the dielectric test specified in
844 5.1.2 on the same test sample(s). The resistance of the electrical insulation shall be measured
845 between conductors and the electrically conductive covering, by means of a d.c. source voltage
846 (nominal) of 500 V. The measured value shall be not less than 50 M.

847 Alternatively the insulation resistance test may be conducted by submerging the trace heater in
848 tap water at room temperature (resistivity typically 500 ·m). The ground braid or sheath shall
849 be bonded to the water and the voltage shall be applied between the conductors and the water.

850 5.1.4 Flammability test

851 A flammability test shall be performed on trace heaters and on trace heaters with integral
852 components. The full range of sizes shall be capable of complying with the test . The test shall
853 be carried out in a room free from draughts and in a flame chamber or fume hood with a
854 minimum volume of 0,5 cubic metres. For trace heaters, the sample shall be at least 450 mm
855 in length, and shall be supported in a vertical position. For trace heater pads and panels (as
856 applicable) the sample width shall be 80 mm.
 31/1613/CD – 32 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

857 A gummed unbleached paper indicator shall be wrapped once around the sample so that it
858 projects 20 mm from the sample. The paper indicator shall be positioned 250 mm above the
859 point at which the inner blue cone of the flame contacts the sample. A layer of dry, pure surgical
860 cotton not more than 6 mm in depth shall be placed underneath the sample so that the distance
861 from the cotton to the point of the flame application is 250 mm.

862 A laboratory burner as described in IEC 60695-11-3 or in ASTM D 5025 shall be used for the
863 test. The fuel shall be methane, natural gas, propane, or butane with the following properties:

864 a) Methane or natural gas – For methane: technical grade, 98 % minimum purity; For
865 methane or natural gas: heating value of (37  1) MJ/m 3 at 25 °C
866 b) Propane – Technical grade, 98 % minimum purity, heating value of (94  2) MJ/m 3 at
867 25 °C
868 c) Butane – CP grade, 99 % minimum purity, heating value of (120  3) MJ/m 3 at 25 °C

869 As shown in Figure 1, the flame shall be adjusted to a 130 mm height with a 40 mm inner blue
870 cone. The burner shall be tilted to an angle of 20° from the vertical and the flame applied to the
871 trace heater so that the tip of inner blue cone of the flame touches the specimen at a point 250
872 mm below the unbleached paper indicator and approximately 150 mm from the bottom of the
873 sample.

874 For integral components, the flame shall be set such that it contacts the component at the mid-
875 point. Clamps used to support the sample shall be above the paper indicator and at least 80
876 mm below the point of flame application. If additional stability is needed for the testing of some
877 integral components, then a steel wire and weight may be utilized to secure the component
878 provided that the flame does not contact the steel wire or weight. Details of the test fixture
879 required to achieve minimum influence on the test may vary based on heater and component
880 properties and shall be agreed between manufacturer and test agency.

881 For trace heater pads and panels, the flame is applied at the horizontal mid-point of the sample,
882 with the unbleached paper indicator vertically above the flame using dimensions as shown in
883 Figure 1.

884 The laboratory burner shall be moved towards the sample until the inner blue cone touches the
885 sample; see Figure 1. The flame shall be applied for 15 s, then removed for 15 s, until five such
886 applications have been made.

887 The test results shall be considered satisfactory if the trace heater does not support combustion
888 for more than 1 min after the fifth application of the flame, does not burn more than 25 % of the
889 extended unbleached paper indicator, and does not ignite the cotton from burning falling
890 particles.

891 NOTE This specification is equivalent to the ignition sources specified in the IEC 60695-11-3 and ASTM D5207 standards.

892

893

894 Key

1 burner 4 test sample

2 support 5 dry pure surgical cotton
3 unbleached paper flag

895 Figure 1 – Flammability test

 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 33 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

896 5.1.5 Impact tests

897 NOTE Electric trace heaters are, in the majority of applications, covered by thermal insulation and therefore
898 afforded some mechanical protection. In some applications, however, trace heaters can be installed under conditions
899 where they are not always protected by thermal insulation; for example, during installation before the thermal
900 insulation is applied or where the trace heater exits from the thermal insulation into a junction box.

901 5.1.5.1 Room temperature impact test

902 A sample approximately 450 mm in length is placed on a rigid flat steel plate (with a mass equal
903 to or greater than 20 kg, approximately 195 mm  195 mm  70 mm). The plate is positioned
904 on a rigid substrate such that the impact energy absorbed by the substrate is negligible. The
905 sample is then positioned underneath an intermediate piece of hardened steel in the shape of
906 a horizontal half-cylinder with a diameter of 25 mm. This cylinder shall have a length of 25 mm
907 with smoothly rounded edges to a radius of approximately 5 mm when used to test trace heater
908 pads and panels (see Figure 2). For the test, the cylinder is laid horizontally on the sample. A
909 trace heater having a non-circular cross-section shall be so positioned that the impact is applied
910 along the minor axis (i.e. the trace heater is positioned flat on the steel plate).

911 Other than in tests on electrical trace heaters intended for use in applications with low risk of
912 mechanical damage, a hammer with a mass of 1,0 +–00,01 kg shall be allowed to fall once onto the
913 horizontal cylinder from a height of 0,7 +–00,01 m.

914 For trace heaters intended for use in applications with a low risk of mechanical damage in
915 accordance with 4.1, the height may be reduced to 0,4 +–00,01 m. Trace heaters submitted to such
916 a test shall be clearly marked as specified in 7.4 e) to caution the user as to its reduced
917 mechanical capability.

918 Immediately after impact, conformity is verified by testing the electrical insulation in accordance
919 with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3 while the steel cylinder and hammer are still in place on the sample.

920 5.1.5.2 Minimum temperature impact test

921 A sample approximately 450 mm in length is placed on a hardened steel plate (with a mass
922 equal to or greater than 20 kg, 195 mm  195 mm  70 mm). The plate is positioned on a rigid
923 substrate such that the impact energy absorbed by the substrate is negligible. The assembly is
924 then conditioned for a minimum of 4 h at the manufacturer’s specified minimum installation
925 temperature. The apparatus used for this test is shown in Figure 3.

926 After conditioning, and other than in tests on electrical trace heat ers intended for use in
927 applications with low risk of mechanical damage, a sample, while at the minimum installation
928 temperature, shall be subjected to a 50,8 mm diameter cylindrical steel plunger with smoothly
929 rounded edges to a radius of approximately 5 mm, having a mass of 1,8 +–00,02 kg and allowed to
930 free fall from a height of 0,76 +–00,01 m.

931 For trace heaters intended for use in applications with a low risk of mechanical damage in
932 accordance with 4.1, the height may be reduced to 0,42 +–00,01 m. Trace heaters submitted to
933 such a test shall be clearly marked as specified in 7.4 e) to caution the user as to its reduced
934 mechanical capability.

935 The impacted portion of the sample shall then be immersed in tap water at room temperature
936 for at least 5 minutes, and the dielectric test 5.1.2 and insulation resistance test 5.1.3 shall be
937 conducted. For trace heater pads and panels, both the heating region and cold leads shall be
938 impacted.
 31/1613/CD – 34 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

939 IEC

940 Key

1 hammer with mass of 1 kg 5 half-cylinder with 25 mm diameter and 25 mm overall

length with 5 mm radius rounding on edges
2 sufficient clearance from guide tube to allow 6 trace heater sample
for free-fall
3 height of fall of hammer: 0,7 m or 0,4 m 7 base with minimum 20 kg mass
4 impact plate (loosely inserted in guide tube) 8 set screw for guide tube – so guide tube does not rest
on impact plate

941 Figure 2 – Example of room temperature impact test

 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 35 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

942 IEC

943 Key

1 50,8 mm diameter hammer with mass of 5 trace heater sample

1,8 kg
2 smoothly rounded edges (~5 mm rounding) 6 height of fall of hammer: 0,76 m or 0,42 m
3 guide tube 7 base with minimum 20 kg mass
4 sufficient clearance to allow for free-fall

944 Figure 3 – Example of minimum temperature impact test

945
 31/1613/CD – 36 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

946 5.1.6 Deformation test

947 A sample approximately 450 mm in length is placed on a rigid flat steel plate. A crushing force
948 of 1 500 N is then applied for 30 s, without shock, by means of a 6 mm diameter steel rod with
949 hemispherical ends and a total length of 25 mm. For the test, the rod is laid flat on the sample
950 at a right angle. In the case of a pad, the cylinder shall rest across the active element.

951 For electrical trace heaters intended for use in applications with low risk of mechanical damage,
952 the crushing force may be reduced to 800 N. Trace heaters submitted to such a test shall be
953 clearly marked as specified in 7.4 e) to caution the user concerning its reduced mechanical
954 capability.

955 After the deformation load is applied for at least 30 s, conformity is verified by testing the
956 electrical insulation in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3 while the horizontal steel rod is still in
957 place on the sample and the load applied.

958 5.1.7 Cold bend test

959 This test applies only to trace heaters that have a stated minimum bend radiu s of less than
960 300 mm.

961 The system documentation shall state the minimum installation temperature and the minimum
962 bending radius.

963 The apparatus used for the cold bend test is shown in Figure 4, with the radius of the metal
964 mandrel equal to the manufacturer's stated minimum bend radius. A sample at least 450 mm in
965 length of trace heater, without integral terminations or connections, shall be fixed in the
966 apparatus as shown. The apparatus and sample shall be placed in a refrigerated compartment
967 and maintained at the manufacturer’s specified minimum installation temperature for a period
968 of not less than 4 h. At the end of this period and while still at the manufacturer’s specified
969 minimum installation temperature, the sample shall be bent through at least 90º around one of
970 the mandrels, then bent through at least 180º in the opposite direction over the second mandrel
971 and then straightened to its original position. All the bending operations shall be carried out in
972 the same plane. This cycle of operations shall be performed three times.

973 Conformity is verified by testing the electrical insulation in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 37 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

4 4

974 IEC

975 Key

976 1 trace heater sample

977 2 steel base

978 3 metal mandrel

979 4 manufacturer's stated minimum bend radius

980 d = trace heater diameter or primary bending plane

981 Figure 4 – Cold bend test

982 5.1.8 Water resistance test

983 A sample as described in 5.1.1, excluding integral components shall be immersed in tap water
984 for a period of 336 +48/-0 h . Trace heater ends are not immersed.

985 While still immersed in the water, the sample shall be subjected to the dielectric test outlined in
986 5.1.2 and the insulation resistance test outlined in 5.1.3.

987 5.1.9 Integral components resistance to water test

988 A sample of the trace heater with all integral components shall be placed in a tap water flow
989 and drain apparatus as shown in Figure 5. For trace heater pads or panels, a unit with cold
990 leads shall be used. Water flow shall be initiated and the sample shall be completely immersed.
991 At that point, the water flow is stopped and the trace heater is energized. The apparatus is then
992 drained. The total time from the initiation of water flow to the completion of draining shall be no
993 greater than 4,5 min and no less than 2,5 min. The trace heater shall continue to be energized
994 for at least 30 s after the water has been drained. The trace heater is then de -energized and
995 water flow is initiated for the next cycle. The test shall be continued for a period of 24 h. After
 31/1613/CD – 38 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

996 completion, the sample shall be subjected to the dielectric test outlined in 5.1.2 and the
997 insulation resistance test outlined in 5.1.3. The immersed connections of the trace heater shall
998 be inspected to verify no evidence of water ingress.

To heaters

Surface mounted power

connection assembly

Two conductor power

connection assembly
Single conductor power
Cam switch connection assembly

Cold lead (typical)

A
B Drain
Electric
supply A
B
A
C D B
D
D C

Trace heater cable

Water Solenoid
inlet valve IEC
999

1000 Key

1001 A integral power connection

1002 B integral splice connection

1003 C integral in-line tee

1004 D integral end termination

1005 Figure 5 – Integral components resistance to water test

1006 5.1.10 Verification of rated output

1007 The rated output of the trace heater or heating panel or pad shall be verified by one of the
1008 following two methods:

1009 a) resistance: the measured d.c. resistance per unit length at a specified temperature shall
1010 be within the manufacturer’s declared tolerance;
1011 NOTE This method is appropriate for products with metallic heating elements.

1012 b) thermal: the thermal output of trace heaters is measured by installation of a single sample,
1013 3 m to 6 m in length, on a carbon steel pipe of 50 mm diameter or greater, as shown in
1014 Figure 6. The sample is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. Th e
1015 test apparatus is completely covered with thermal insulation of at least 25 mm thickness.
1016 For trace heater pads and panels, the test is conducted on a liquid-cooled flat metal plate
1017 with at least 25 mm of thermal insulation installed over the surface of the trace heater pad
1018 or panel.
1019 A suitable heat transfer liquid is circulated through the pipe at a sufficient rate to establish
1020 turbulent flow such that there is a negligible temperature difference between the fluid and
1021 the pipe. The heat transfer fluid is maintained at a constant temperature. These parameters
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 39 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1022 are verified by thermocouples placed at the entry and exit end s of the pipe. Flow velocity
1023 shall be such that the fluid temperature does not differ by more than 2 K from end to end.
1024 The thermal output of the trace heater is measured at three workpiece temperatures
1025 representative of the full operating range. The trace heater is powered at its rated voltage
1026 and allowed to attain equilibrium. The voltage, current and liquid temperatures, and sample
1027 length are recorded at each test temperature. Three separate determinations are made on
1028 separate samples. The resulting values shall be within the manufacturer’s declared
1029 tolerance.

1030 IEC

1031 Key

1 controlled voltage source 6 thermocouples 10 temperature sensor

2 see detail A 7 fibreglass or mineral fibre insulation, 25 mm 11 in-line heater

minimum thickness and a thermal conductivity
3 trace heater sample 12 heat exchanger
below 0,040 W/(m°K)
4 50 mm outside diameter or greater 13 chilling unit
8 electrical terminals
test pipe (workpiece)
14 flow meter
 31/1613/CD – 40 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

5 TDU – temperature display unit 9 temperature controller 15 pump

1032 Figure 6 – Verification of rated output

1033 5.1.11 Thermal stability of electrical insulating material

1034 A sample of the trace heater shall be placed in a forced air circulation oven. The oven shall be
1035 heated to, and maintained for a period of four weeks at a temperature of 20 K above the
1036 maximum withstand temperature declared by the manufacturer.

1037 The sample shall be removed from the air oven and cooled to room temperature. Trace heater
1038 samples shall be wound six close turns around a mandrel having a radius equal to six times the
1039 diameter or six times the thickness of the trace heater. Integral components and trace heater
1040 panels shall not be wound around the mandrel. Trace heater pads shall be wrapped on a
1041 mandrel with a radius equivalent to the manufacturer’s minimum recommended bending radius.
1042 While still on the mandrel, the sample, except at terminations or ends where the conductor is
1043 exposed, shall be submerged in tap water for at least 5 min. While still in the tap water, the
1044 dielectric test 5.1.2 and the insulation resistance test 5.1.3 shall be conducted. Upon completion
1045 of these procedures, the sample shall be removed from the water and the outermost sheath
1046 shall have no visible cracks when examined with normal vision.

1047 Terminations that insure the vapour tightness of MI trace heaters with electrical insulation that
1048 is a hygroscopic material (for example the cold end seals) are subjected to a temperature of
1049 (80  2) °C for 4 weeks at not less than 90 % R.H. Compliance of the sample or prototype shall
1050 be verified by testing the electrical insulation in accordance with 5.1.2 and 5.1.3.

1051 5.1.12 Thermal performance test

1052 In explosive atmospheres, it is critical that the maximum sheath temperature of a trace heater
1053 is lower than the ignition temperature of the explosive atmosphere. This test demonstrates the
1054 thermal safety by verifying the power output stability for all parallel trace heater products with
1055 respect to time.

1056 The test apparatus shall consist of a heated metal platen maintained at the specified high test
1057 temperature and a cooled metal platen maintained at the specified low test temperature with
1058 the test samples being alternated between the platens , or the test shall consist of a metal platen
1059 with built in heating and cooling capability to change the temperature within the specified levels.
1060 The apparatus is intended to be located in a room temperature environment. The platen(s) shall
1061 be sized to expose all parts of the trace heater samples, which would be exposed under normal
1062 installation conditions, to the temperature levels required by this procedure. The test apparatus
1063 shall insure that the trace heater samples are in intimate contact with the platen. The test
1064 apparatus may be supplied with a sample mounting fixture. Offsets may be built into the fixture
1065 or platen(s) to accommodate end termination/power transition fittings/boots, if provided, where
1066 their size profile exceeds the trace heater profile. The apparatus shall allow energizing of the
1067 trace heater samples as required during the test proce dure.

1068 The samples shall be thermally insulated on the side not facing the platen so as to assure
1069 effective heat transfer from the platen to the trace heater samples.

1070 The temperature of the platen(s) shall be uniformly controlled to a maximum tolerance of  5 °C
1071 for platen temperatures less than 100 C or  10 °C of the maximum continuous operating
1072 temperature if above 100 C.
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 41 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1073 The platen described above can be a flat metal plate, a metal pipe, or a metal surface typical
1074 of the majority of applications for the trace heater being tested.

1075 The trace heater samples shall be within the upper half of the manufacturer’s declared thermal
1076 output tolerance, as validated by clause 5.1.10 (method b). For trace heaters that are irregular
1077 in shape, and for trace heater pads and panels, the sample shall consist of at least one heating
1078 unit.

1079 If the trace heaters are part of a trace heater product range, with common materials (with
1080 materials having the same performance ratings) and construction, which have different levels
1081 of rated voltages and power outputs, then three samples of each of the following shall be
1082 selected (for a total of six samples):

1083 1) the lowest rated voltage level and the maximum rated power output;
1084 2) the highest rated voltage and the minimum rated power output.

1085 Trace heater samples may be conditioned, at the maximum rated voltage for up to 150 h at the
1086 manufacturer’s declared maximum continuous operating temperature prior to starting the test.

1087 The trace heater samples, having a minimum length of at least 0,3 m, shall be installed on the
1088 sample mounting fixture or directly applied to the platen. The samples shall be powered at the
1089 maximum rated voltage. The temperature of the platen shall be (23  5) C. The initial power
1090 output of the samples shall be determined by measuring voltage and current after the fixture
1091 has reached equilibrium.

1092 The trace heater samples of continuous parallel construction, while still installed on the sample
1093 mounting fixture or platen and energized at the maximum rated voltage, shall be temperature
1094 cycled by alternately exposing the samples to platen(s) temperatures corresponding to (23  5)
1095 C and the maximum continuous operating temperature. The samples may be de-energized
1096 during the cool down period.

1097 The trace heater samples of zone type parallel construction shall be temperature cycled in the
1098 same manner with the exception that the samples shall be de -energized when not being held
1099 at the maximum continuous operating temperature.

1100 If the cycle temperature range exceeds 350 C, the lower temperature may be set at 350 C
1101 below the maximum continuous operating temperature.

1102 The energized samples shall be exposed to each of these temperature extremes for a minimum
1103 of 15 minutes and a transition time between extremes shall no t exceed 15 minutes with a cycle
1104 being one complete exposure at both temperature extremes.

1105 The trace heater samples shall be subjected to a pre-conditioning period of 5 continuous
1106 temperature cycles. A minimum of 1 500 cycles shall then be performed. The trace heater
1107 samples' power output shall be continuously monitored, with measurements recorded during
1108 the final 300 seconds of the cold cycle, at intervals not exceeding 50 thermal cycles. In the case
1109 of samples having a zone type parallel construction, the power output shall be measured during
1110 the final 300 seconds of the hot cycle.

1111 Following the temperature cycling, the temperature of the platen(s) shall be raised to the
1112 maximum withstand temperature and held for a period of no less than 250 h.

1113 Where the maximum withstand temperature relates to a temperature while energized, the
1114 samples shall be energized at the maximum rated voltage. Where the maximum withstand
1115 temperature relates to a temperature while de-energized, the samples shall not be energized.
 31/1613/CD – 42 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1116 After completion of the maximum exposure testing, the trace heater samples' power output shall
1117 be measured, using the same method and platen temperature as used during the initial
1118 measurements. The trace heater samples shall maintain a power level within plus 25 % or minus
1119 25 % of the initial measured output. This applies at the end point as well as the intermediate
1120 measurements.

1121 5.1.13 Determination of maximum sheath temperature

1122 5.1.13.1 General

1123 In explosive atmospheres, it is critical that the maximum sheath temperature for trace heaters
1124 is less than the ignition temperature of the explosive atmosphere. The maximum sheath
1125 temperature is dependent on the trace heater power output, overall heat transfer coefficient,
1126 and the maximum possible temperature of the surface to be heated. These factors are used to
1127 verify the temperature classification of particular trace heaters and to verify the manufacturer’s
1128 ability to predict the maximum sheath temperatures of trace heaters.

1129 At least one of the following two methods shall be used for verifying a trace heater’s sheath
1130 temperature or temperature class as declared by the manufacturer:

1131 a) Product classification approach in which the maximum sheath temperature is determined
1132 in an artificial environment simulating adverse conditions.
1133 b) Systems method in which the manufacturer demonstrates the ability to design and predict
1134 sheath temperatures of trace heaters by conducting tests on representative insta llations
1135 representing adverse design and operating conditions when installed according to the
1136 manufacturers installation instructions.

1137 5.1.13.2 Product classification approach

1138 A sample of the trace heater at least 1 500 mm in length is placed loosely coiled in a fo rced air
1139 circulation oven (i.e. not touching itself and not located on the bottom of the oven) . For a trace
1140 heater pad or panel, a representative sample is placed horizontally in the oven. The sample
1141 shall be within the upper half of the trace heater’s thermal output tolerance. Representative
1142 thermocouples are used to monitor sample sheath temperat ures and are placed approximately
1143 500 mm from each end. One additional thermocouple is used to monitor oven ambient
1144 temperature. The trace heater shall be powered at 110% of rated voltage as specified in Table
1145 2, Table 3, Table E.2, and Table E.3. The oven ambient temperature is incrementally raised
1146 from room ambient in approximately 15 K increments. Sufficient time is permitted at each
1147 temperature for the oven ambient and heater sheath temperatures to stabilize and attain thermal
1148 equilibrium. Oven ambient and heater sheath temperatures are recorded at each successive
1149 level until the difference (T) between the two approaches 5 K or less. A curve is drawn from
1150 the test data, and a straight line is drawn tangent to the curve at 5 K temperature difference
1151 point and extended to the X axis (oven temperature). The temperature read at this intercept is
1152 taken as the maximum sheath temperature, as shown in Figure 7.
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 43 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

oven air temperature (Ts – T0) °C

Sample temperature minus

Recorded

value of T

5K

Oven air temperature (T0) °C

1153 IEC

1154 Figure 7 – Maximum sheath temperature using product classification approach

1155 5.1.13.3 Systems approach – stabilized and controlled design verification

1156 In the systems approach, the trace heater is subjected to test conditions where the
1157 manufacturer shall demonstrate the ability to predict maximum sheath temperatures by
1158 conducting tests on application representative test apparatus as described in 5.1.13.4.2 to
1159 5.1.13.4.5 and compare the sheath temperature results to predicted values.

1160 This approach is used for both stabilized design as well as controlled design temperature
1161 verifications. Sheath temperatures are validated by sampling varied parameters, such as power
1162 densities and pipe temperatures, as agreed between the certification body and manufacturer.
1163 For controlled design temperature verification, t hese procedures are used to validate a
1164 manufacturer’s predicted maximum trace heater sheath temperatures when controlled by a
1165 suitable temperature controller and high temperature limiter, or by a suitable high temperature
1166 limiter (see 0, C.7.2, and C.7.4). The maximum sheath temperature of the trace heater shall not
1167 exceed the predicted values by more than 10 K, and the temperature shall not be greater than
1168 the manufacturer’s maximum declared withstand temperature.

1169 The trace heater shall be powered at 110% of rated voltage as specified in Table 2, Table 3,
1170 Table E.2, and Table E.3. The trace heater sample selected for maximum sheath temperature
1171 testing shall be in the upper half of the manufacturer’s declared power output tolerance window
1172 of the trace heater or, for series trace heaters or for parallel zoned trace heaters, test conditions
1173 shall be such as to achieve similar results. All maximum sheath temperature testing shall be
1174 done at the maximum ambient temperature (or extended from ambient test temperature data to
1175 maximum ambient temperature levels) and in no wind conditions. All temperature testing shall
1176 be done under continuously energized trace heater operation (controls bypassed) for stabilized
1177 system design verifications. For controlled designs, temperature testing shall be done w ith the
1178 control or limiter system is in place. Controlled designs include systems where a temperature
1179 controller and high temperature limiter, or a suitable high temperature limiter (having either
1180 manual reset control action or alarm annunciation and trace heater shutdown capability), is
1181 included in each trace heater circuit. In these cases, the maximum sheath temperature shall be
1182 measured when the heated surface is at the controller turnoff point plus accuracy tolerance of
1183 the controller and adjusted for system thermal inertia.
 31/1613/CD – 44 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1184 If the trace heaters are rated for multiple power outputs, testing shall be performed at three power
1185 outputs, or at three other varied parameters, such as insulation type or thickness, if applicable, to the
1186 satisfaction of the certification body.

1187 5.1.13.4 Test apparatus and procedure

1188 5.1.13.4.1 General

1189 One of the following test apparatus shall be used for establishing power output and verifying
1190 sheath temperatures for trace heaters. For cryogenic applications see Annex G.

1191 5.1.13.4.2 Insulated externally heated surfaces – pipe sculpture

1192 For insulated trace heaters on piping, the test apparatus as shown in Figure 8 shall consist of
1193 two 3 m (minimum length) horizontal runs of piping in a U arrangement and a 1,5 m (minimum
1194 length) vertical run of piping having a pipe size of 100 mm (larger or smaller pipes may be used
1195 depending on the application). The pipe shall be empty. A flanged gate valve shall be located
1196 in the center portion of one of the horizontal runs. The trace heater shall be installed in a manner
1197 consistent with the manufacturer’s installation instructions (including crossing over itself if
1198 specified) and be between the 9 o’clock and 3 o’clock postions of the pipe circumference (upper
1199 portion of the pipe). The sample(s) shall be supplied to cover the complete length of the test
1200 apparatus as in Figure 8 and shall be within the upper half of the trace heater's thermal output
1201 tolerance or, for series trace heaters or for parallel zoned tr ace heaters, test conditions shall
1202 be considered to achieve similar results. Thermocouples shall be used to monitor the pipe,
1203 valve, and flange surface temperatures and corresponding heater sheath temperatures at each
1204 of these locations.(see Figure 8) The thermocouples and the connection cables shall be
1205 selected and arranged such that they do not significantly affect the thermal behavior of the
1206 temperature measurements, such as 0,2 mm 2 or smaller size Type K or Type J thermocouples.
1207 Thermocouples for metallic sheaths and heated metallic surfaces shall be suitably attached to
1208 minimize measurement error. For other electrically conductive coverings, polymeric sheaths,
1209 and non-metallic heated surfaces, thermocouples shall be attached with a suitable
1210 adhesive/tape system. Additional thermocouples may be located at other anticipated hot spots
1211 at the discretion of the certification body. The piping system shall be insulated wit h a minimum
1212 of 25 mm of uniform thickness and type of thermal insulation, for example calcium silicate or
1213 expanded perlite. Pipe ends shall be plugged and thermally insulated. An additional trace heater
1214 length may be added to the test section on either end to minimize end effects.

1215 The trace heater shall be powered at 110% of rated voltage according to Table 2, Table 3, Table
1216 E.2, and Table E.3. After stabilization, the thermocouple readings shall be recorded, including
1217 the local ambient temperature. The manufacturer shall demonstrate the ability to predict the
1218 runaway pipe (workpiece) temperature (Tpr) and the maximum sheath temperature.

1219 When using the controlled design approach, the control sensor shall be installed according to
1220 the manufacturer’s instructions at or near the midpoint of the pipe . The predicted maximum
1221 sheath temperatures based on the set point of the temperature control ler or high temperature
1222 limiter shall be compared to the measured maximum trace heater sheath temperatures.

1223 For verifying the controlled design method with a temperature controller and high temperature
1224 controller, or a suitable high-temperature-limiter, the sensor(s) shall be installed according to
1225 the manufacturer’s instructions. The predicted maximum sheath temperature, for a specific set
1226 point of the temperature controller or high temperature limiter shall be compared to the
1227 measured sheath temperatures.

1228 The measured trace heater sheath temperatures shall not exceed the manufacturer’s calculated
1229 value by more than 10 K and shall not exceed the manufacturer’s declared maximum withstand
1230 temperature.
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 45 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

C
H
J
D I
G
F
K
E

O
L
M

1231 IEC

1232 Key

A Pipe and heater sheath thermocouples H Flange and heater sheath thermocouples
B Pipe and heater sheath thermocouples I Valve body and heater sheath thermocouples
C Flange and heater sheath thermocouples J Isolated support (typical of 2)
D Pipe and heater sheath thermocouples K Pipe and heater sheath thermocouples
E Flange and heater sheath thermocouples L Pipe and heater sheath thermocouples
F Isolated support (typical of 2) M Pipe and heater sheath thermocouples
G Pipe and heater sheath thermocouples N Trace heater power connection
O Trace heater end termination

1233 Figure 8 – Verification of sheath temperatures using pipe sculpture

1234 5.1.13.4.3 Insulated externally heated surfaces – vessels

1235 For trace heater pads and panels, a representative sample shall be applied to a n approximately
1236 6 mm thick steel plate in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. The steel
1237 plate shall not extend more than 50 mm from any edge of the trace heater pad or panel.
1238 Thermocouples shall be used to monitor the plate temperatures and the corresponding trace
1239 heater pad or panel sheath temperature at locations in the centermost region or hottest spot of
1240 the trace heater pad or panel. The trace heater pad or panel sample shall be within the upper
1241 half of its thermal output tolerance or test conditions shall be considered to achieve similar
1242 results. The thermocouples and the connection cables shall be selected and arranged so they
1243 do not significantly affect the thermal behavior of the temperature measurements, such as 0 ,2
1244 mm 2 or smaller size Type K or Type J thermocouples. Thermocouples for metallic sheaths and
1245 heated metallic surfaces shall be suitably attached to minimize measurement error. For other
1246 electrically conductive coverings, polymeric sheaths, and non -metallic heated surfaces the
1247 thermocouples should be attached with suitable adhesive/tape system. Additional
1248 thermocouples may be located at other anticipated hot spots at the discretion of the certification
1249 body. The heated side of the plate shall be insulated with a uniform thickness of thermal
1250 insulation in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation procedures. The plate mounted in
1251 a vertical position is then located in a stable room temperature and no wind environment. The
1252 trace heater pad or panel shall be powered at 110 % of rated voltage according to Table 2,
1253 Table 3, Table E.2, and Table E.3. After stabilization, the thermocouple readings shall be
1254 recorded, including the local ambient temperature. The measured heater sheath temperatures
1255 shall not exceed the manufacturer’s calculated value by more than 10 K and shall not exceed
1256 the manufacturer’s declared maximum withstand temperature.
 31/1613/CD – 46 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1257 When using the controlled design approach, the control sensor shall be installed according to
1258 the manufacturer’s instructions at a minimum distance of 25 mm from the trace heater pad or
1259 panel. The predicted maximum sheath temperatures for a specific set point of the suitable
1260 temperature controller and high temperature limiter, or suitable high temperature limiter , shall
1261 be compared to the measured maximum trace heater sheath temperatures. The measured
1262 sheath temperatures shall not exceed the manufacturer’s calculated value by more than 10 K
1263 and shall not exceed the manufacturer’s declared maximum withstand temperature.

1264 5.1.13.4.4 Insulated externally heated surfaces – tubing bundles

1265 For tubing bundles, the test apparatus shall consist of 4,5 m of traced tubing bundle. The
1266 quantity of tubes and their diameters in the bundles shall be agreed by the manufacturer and
1267 the certification body. Thermocouples shall be used to monitor the tubes and corresponding
1268 heater sheath temperatures at locations in the midpoint region of the bundle. The
1269 thermocouples and the connection cables shall be selected and so arranged so they do not
1270 significantly affect the thermal behavior of the temperature measurements, such as 0 ,2 mm 2 or
1271 smaller size Type K or Type J thermocouples. Thermocouples for metallic sheath and heated
1272 metallic surfaces shall be suitably attached to minimize measurement error. Thermocouples
1273 shall be attached with suitable adhesive/tape systems when installed on other electrically
1274 conductive coverings, polymeric sheaths and non-metallic heated surfaces. Additional
1275 thermocouples may be located at other anticipated hot spots at the discretion of the certification
1276 body.

1277 The trace heater shall be powered 110 % of rated voltage according to Table 2, Table 3, Table
1278 E.2, and Table E.3. System temperatures shall be allowed to stabilize and thermocouple
1279 readings recorded. When using the controlled design method, the temperature sensor shall be
1280 installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions at or near the midpoint of the bundle. The
1281 predicted maximum sheath temperatures based on the set point of a temperature controller and
1282 high temperature limiter, or a suitable high temperature limiter, shall be compared to the
1283 measured maximum trace heater sheath temperatures.

1284 The measured trace heater sheath temperatures shall not exceed the manufacturer’s calculated
1285 value by more than 10 K and shall not exceed the manufacturer’s declared maximum withstand
1286 temperature.

1287 For maximum temperature testing, the tubing within the bundle shall be empty and the maximum
1288 sheath temperature shall be recorded. For power output testing, the tubing within the bundle
1289 shall contain flowing water or water glycol at the rated temperature value when the power level
1290 is verified.

1291 5.1.13.4.5 Sheath temperature verification – utilizing plate test procedure

1292 This procedure may be used in lieu of the sheath temperature verification part of 5.1.13.4.2.

1293 The test apparatus and procedures from section 5.1.13.4.2 and the design conditions from
1294 Table 2, Table 3, Table E.2, and Table E.3 shall be used to determine the maximum workpiece
1295 temperature that is to be used as one of the plate temperatures. When using this test method,
1296 the manufacturer shall have demonstrated the ability to predict a runaway pipe (workpiece)
1297 temperature (Tpr) using the test method in Clause 5.1.13.4.2.

1298 The test apparatus, as shown in Figure 9, shall consist of an aluminum plate,
1299 600 mm  600 mm  50 mm with cartridge heaters, temperature controller, and channels for
1300 cooling. In the center of the plate is a trough ( approximately 300 mm  50 mm  5 mm) over
1301 which the trace heater is to be placed. The plate shall be thermally insulated with approximately
1302 75 mm of calcium silicate on the bottom and approximately 150 mm wide mineral wool on the
1303 sides of the plate. The top of the apparatus is insulated with two layers, each consisting of three
1304 sections of approximately 900 mm  300 mm  25 mm calcium silicate or other suitable
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 47 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1305 insulation as agreed upon with the certification body. Rigid insulation shall be annealed at 300
1306 °C for 4 hours to reduce the possibility of cracking during usage. The rigid insulation shall lie
1307 directly on the sample and be supported by two unpowered trace heaters of equal size to the
1308 sample as shown in Figure 9. The ends and side gaps shall be filled with mineral wool or rigid
1309 insulation; a 900 mm  900 mm  13 mm wood board (approximately 10 kg) shall be placed on
1310 the top to reduce possible gaps. The trace heater sample shall be within the upper half of its
1311 thermal output tolerance or, for series trace heaters or for parallel zoned trace heaters, test
1312 conditions shall be such as to achieve similar results . The sample shall have a length of at least
1313 600 mm, so the entire heated section of the sample is in contact with the plate as shown in
1314 Figure 9. Alternately it may be appropriate for the sample to be serpentined on the plate to
1315 ensure the entire heated section of the sample is in contact with the plate as shown in Figure
1316 10. In this case the two unpowered trace heaters supporting the insulation are not necessary.
1317 The trace heater sample shall be fixed in place with allowance for trace heater thermal
1318 expansion. A single thermocouple shall be located on the top side of the trace heater sheath in
1319 the middle of the trough area, a temperature sensor shall be located within the
1320 300 mm × 300 mm test area to control plate temperature and three additional thermocouples
1321 shall be located on the plate as shown in Figure 9 or Figure 10. The thermocouples and the
1322 connection cables shall be selected and so arranged so they do not significantly affect the
1323 thermal behaviour of the temperature measurements, such as 0 ,2 mm 2 or smaller size Type K
1324 or Type J thermocouples. Thermocouples for metallic sheaths and heated metallic surfaces
1325 shall be suitably attached to minimize measurement error . For other electrically conductive
1326 coverings, polymeric sheaths, and non-metallic heated surfaces the thermocouples should be
1327 attached with suitable adhesive/tape system.

1328 For trace heaters that are allowed to be crossed over, two trace heaters shall be installed
1329 perpendicular to each other at a 45° angle to the center line of the trough as shown in
1330 Figure 11. Alternately, it may be appropriate for a single sample to be crossed over iteslf at a
1331 45° angle to the centerline of the trough to ensure the entire heated section is in contact with
1332 the plate as shown in Figure 12. In this case, the three thermocouples are installed on the trace
1333 heater sheath, at the center point, and at 75 mm and 150 mm from the center . The rigid
1334 insulation shall lie directly on the top sample and additional supports to keep the insulation
1335 parallel to the plate.

1336 The plate temperature shall be set at the designated workpiece temperature . The plate
1337 temperature shall be considered stable when the plate temperature controller and the three
1338 plate thermocouples are within 2°C of each other . The trace heater shall then be powered at
1339 110% of rated voltage as specified in Table 2, Table 3, Table E.2, and Table E.3. After
1340 stabilization, when the sheath temperatures rate of change has become less than 2 K in 30 min,
1341 the sheath temperatures, the power output(s), and the p late temperatures shall be recorded.
1342 The power output(s) recorded shall be adjusted to compensate for any voltage drops associated
1343 with the cold lead and/or associated supply power wiring. Verification of sheath temperature
1344 measurements shall be made at three plate temperatures and at three power outputs (i.e. 9
1345 sets of measurements), if applicable to the satisfaction of the certification body.

1346 The measured sheath temperature(s) shall not exceed the manufacturer’s calculated value by
1347 more than 10 K and shall not exceed the manufacturer’s declared maximum withstand
1348 temperature.

1349
 31/1613/CD – 48 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1
6
A
3

P P B

G
C
2 D

4 E

6
5 2 F

Detail W
Section P-P

IEC
1350

1351 Key

1 300 mm  300 mm test area A Wood board

2 Thermocouple on bottom surface of trough B Two layers of rigid insulation
3 Plate temperature control point 75 mm from centerline of trough C Test sample
4 Thermocouple 75 mm from centre of plate D 600 mm  600 mm plate
5 Thermocouple 150 mm from centre of plate E 75 mm insulation below plate
6 Thermocouple on test sample F 150 mm mineral wool sides of plate
G Two unpowered support samples
1352 Figure 9 – Verification of sheath temperature, plate test

1
6 A
3
2
B
Q Q

4 C
D
5
E
6
F
2

Section Q-Q Detail X

1353 IEC

1354 Key

1 300 mm  300 mm test area A Wood board

2 Thermocouple on bottom surface of trough B Two layers of rigid insulation
Plate temperature control point 75 mm from centerline of
3 C Test sample
trough
4 Thermocouple 75 mm from centre of plate D 600 mm  600 mm plate
5 Thermocouple 150 mm from centre of plate E 75 mm insulation below plate
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 49 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

150 mm mineral wool sides of

6 Thermocouple on test sample F
plate

1355 Figure 10 – Verification of sheath temperature – plate test with serpentined sample
1 3 2

A
R 6 R B
C1
7
C2
D
4
E
5
F
7
6

2
Y

Section R-R Detail Y

1356 IEC

1357 Key

1 300 mm  300 mm test area A Wood board

2 Thermocouple on bottom surface of trough B Two layers of rigid insulation
Plate temperature control point 75 mm from centerline of
3 C1 Test sample – lower sample
trough
4 Thermocouple 75 mm from centre of plate C2 Test sample – upper sample
5 Thermocouple 150 mm from centre of plate D 600 mm  600 mm plate
6 Thermocouple on test sample E 75 mm insulation below plate
F 150 mm mineral wool sides of plate

1358 Figure 11 – Plate test with two samples crossed over

1359
 31/1613/CD – 50 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1
3

6 2
S S A
7
4
B

C
5 D

7 E
6

2 F
Z

Section S-S Detail Z

IEC
1360

1361 Key

1 300 mm  300 mm test area A Wood board

2 Thermocouple on bottom surface of trough B Two layers of rigid insulation
Plate temperature control point 75 mm from centerline of
3 C Test sample crossed over itself
trough
4 Thermocouple 75 mm from centre of plate D 600 mm  600 mm plate
5 Thermocouple 150 mm from centre of plate E 75 mm insulation below plate
6 Thermocouple on test sample F 150 mm mineral wool sides of plate
1362

1363 Figure 12 – Plate test with a single sample crossed over

1364 5.1.14 Verification of start-up current

1365 This test is applicable to trace heaters and surface heaters that have a positive temperature
1366 coefficient of resistance greater than that of copper.

1367 The start-up current of the trace heater or surface heater shall be measured as a function of
1368 the start-up temperature as designated by the manufacturer. A samp le of trace heater, at least
1369 1 m in length, shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions on a
1370 minimum 50 mm diameter liquid-filled metal pipe or solid steel rod, or for surface heaters a
1371 mimimum 25 mm thick flat metal heat sink. The testing apparatus may be covered with thermal
1372 insulation and shall be conditioned at the designated temperature until equilibrium is achieved.
1373 The test shall be initiated only after the pipe, rod, or flat metal heat sink has stabilized to the
1374 designated temperature.

1375 NOTE The apparatus described in Error! Reference source not found. can be used for this test.

1376 After the conditioning period, rated voltage shall be applied and the time and r.m.s. current
1377 characteristic shall be recorded from time 0 to 300 s in intervals of no greater than 1 s. The
1378 start-up current recorded shall be correlated to the maximum output tolerance. The data shall
1379 be adjusted to reflect the upper limit of the power output tolerance by multiplying the test values
1380 by the ratio of the maximum output tolerance level for the sample divided by the actual power
1381 output for the sample. This time-current characteristic shall not be more than the value declared
1382 by the manufacturer.
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 51 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1383 5.1.15 Verification of the electrical resistance of electrically conductive covering

1384 The resistance of the electrically conductive covering at least 3 m length of the trace heater,
1385 excluding integral components, shall be measured at room temperature.

1386 For trace heater pads and panels, a representative sample shall be selected.

1387 The resistance shall be equal to or less than the manufacturer’s declared value.

1388 5.1.16 Outdoor exposure test

1389 Only trace heaters and integral components specified for outdoor exposure are subject to this
1390 test. In addition, trace heaters and integral components having a continuous metal sheath with
1391 no outer jacket shall be exempt from this test.

1392 Three samples of the trace heater, approximately 450 mm in length, including integral
1393 components, shall be placed in a xenon-arc light-exposure apparatus with daylight filter.

1394 The procedure and apparatus shall be as described in ASTM G155/ISO 4582/ISO 4892-1 for a
1395 total period of 1 000 h. The cycle rate shall be set for 102 min of light and 18 min of combined
1396 light and water spray. At the end of this time, the samples shall be removed from the chamber
1397 and independently (one test per sample) subjected to the mechanical tests in clause 5.1.5 and
1398 5.1.7 (room temperature impact, cold impact, and cold bend). After the mechanical tests the
1399 outermost sheath shall be subjected to a dielectric voltage of 500 Vac, applied between the
1400 conductive layer and tap water (resistivity typically 500 ·m) for 1 min without dielectric
1401 breakdown. The sample shall be exposed to the water for a minimum of 5 minutes prior to the
1402 application of the dielectric test.

1403 Alternatively, materials that have been independently qualified for outdoor exposure according
1404 to this test procedure are acceptable.

1405 5.2 Routine tests

1406 5.2.1 Dielectric test

1407 The primary electrical insulation jacket of the trace heater shall withstand a dry-spark test at a
1408 minimum of 6 000 Vac. The dry-spark test shall have a substantially sinusoidal waveform at
1409 2 500 Hz to 3 500 Hz. For a 3 000 Hz supply, the speed of the product in meters per second
1410 shall not be more than 3,3 times the length of the electrode in centimetres; this requirement is
1411 proportional to frequency.

1412 As an alternative to the dry-spark test, the dielectric test method in 5.1.2 shall be conducted on
1413 production lengths or units.

1414 After the application of an electrically conductive covering, the trace heater shall have the
1415 dielectric test method described in 5.1.2 conducted on production lengths or units.

1416 Non-metallic overjackets shall withstand an additional dr y-spark test with a minimum test
1417 voltage of 3 000 Vac. As an alternative to the dry-spark test, the dielectric test method in 5.1.2
1418 shall be conducted on production lengths or units.

1419 5.2.2 Verification of rated output

1420 The output rating for each manufactured length of parallel trace heater shall be verified for
1421 linearity of power output through continuous or statistical test methods. The power output rating
1422 for each length of series resistance trace heater or fixed resis tive trace heater shall be verified
 31/1613/CD – 52 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1423 by measurement of the d.c. resistance, or conductance or current at rated voltage and given
1424 temperature. The test measurement criteria shall be established or correlated to the output
1425 verification test specified in 5.1.10. The power output shall be within the manufacturer’s
1426 declared tolerances.

1427 6 Marking

1428 6.1 Product markings for trace heaters

1429 Trace heaters shall be clearly and permanently surface marked in accordance with IEC 60079-
1430 0 with the following modifications. For trace heaters with factory fabricated terminations, or
1431 surfaces where legible printing cannot be applied, the marking shall b e on a durable tag/label
1432 permanently affixed within 75 mm of the power connection fitting or gland.

1433 a) The required serial number or batch number may be substituted with the month and year
1434 of manufacture, date coding, or equivalent.
1435 b) The rated or operating voltage shall be marked for a parallel trace heater, or the maximum
1436 operating voltage for a series trace heater.
1437 c) The rated power output per unit length at the rated voltage (and at a stated reference
1438 temperature for trace heaters that change output with temperature), or the resistance in
1439 ohms for unit length for series trace heater, or the operating current or total wattage as
1440 applicable shall be marked.
1441 d) The symbol provided for the “type of protection used” for trace heating shall be “60079-30-
1442 1”, for example, typical Ex marking strings would be “Ex 60079-30-1 IIC T4 Gb” and “Ex
1443 60079-30-1 IIIC T135°C Db”, which does not preclude the use of additional types of
1444 protection appropriate for the components intended to be supplied or recommended for
1445 use with the trace heaters;
1446 e) The marking requirements of IEC 60079-0 for ambient temperature ranges do not apply,
1447 but trace heaters or trace heater systems shall be marked with the minimum installation
1448 temperature along with the required temperature class;
1449 f) For marking trace heaters for use with the Division method of area classification, see 0.

1450 6.2 Markings for field assembled components

1451 Field assembled components that are accessible after installation shall be marked in
1452 accordance with IEC 60079-0 and shall additionally include the following information :

1453 a) the name of the manufacturer, trademark, or other recognized symbol of identification;
1454 b) the catalog number, reference number, or model;
1455 c) the month and year of manufacture, date coding, applicable serial number, or equivalent;
1456 d) applicable environmental requirements, such as IP (ingress protection) ratings, and area
1457 use requirements.

1458 In the case of components with small surface areas or surfaces where legible printing cannot
1459 be applied, the markings shall be placed on the smallest unit container in lieu of the component
1460 itself.

1461 7 Documentation requirements

1462 7.1 General

1463 The manufacturer’s documents shall provide product specific instructions and requirements for
1464 documentation retention. Instructions for various components and trace heaters may be
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 53 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1465 combined where termination/installation instructions are identical. The instructions shall be
1466 clearly identified as to the products and locations that apply.

1467 Any Specific Conditions of Use, including the provision in 7.4 e), shall be outlined in the
1468 installation instructions and in the certificate, and the certificate number shall include the suffix
1469 “X”.

1470 The documents shall include:

1471 a) The information on trace heater temperatures ratings and materials as specified in 4.1;
1472 b) the information on circuit protection specified in 4.4, as applicable;
1473 c) requirements for circuit designs, see 7.2;
1474 d) requirements for trace heating system documentation, see 7.3;
1475 e) instructions for installation of trace heating system, see 7.4;
1476 f) instructions for commissioning, see 7.5;
1477 g) instructions for maintenance / repair or modification, see 7.6.

1478 7.2 Circuit design documentation

1479 The information given in the documentation for designing circuits shall include the following
1480 statement or its equivalent “The design of electrical resistance trace heating systems shall be
1481 overseen by persons knowledgeable of trace heating following the design methodology for
1482 explosive atmospheres as specified by the manufacturer”.

1483 7.3 Trace heating system documentation

1484 7.3.1 General

1485 The requirements shall include the following statement or its equivalent “The trace heating
1486 system documentation shall be retained for each trace heating circuit for as long as the system
1487 is in use”. As a minimum, the trace heating system documentation shall include the information
1488 specified in 7.3.2, 7.3.3 or 7.3.4 as applicable.

1489 7.3.2 For trace heating systems according to the product classification method

1490 The trace heating system documentation shall include the following information:

1491 a) trace heating circuit identification;

1492 b) trace heating system design parameters:
1493 1) temperature class or maximum sheath/surface temperature as applicable ;
1494 2) trace heater type;
1495 3) operating voltage.

1496 This information may be supplemented by the informat ion listed in IEC/IEEE 60079-30-2.

1497 7.3.3 For trace heating systems according to stabilized design method

1498 The trace heating documentation shall include the following information:

1499 a) trace heating circuit identification;

1500 b) trace heating system design parameters:
1501 1) pipe size or workpiece dimensions;
1502 2) temperature to be maintained or the maximum process / exposure temperature;
 31/1613/CD – 54 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1503 3) maximum ambient temperature;

1504 4) trace heater type;
1505 5) operating voltage;
1506 6) trace ratio;
1507 7) length or dimensions of trace heater;
1508 8) maximum workpiece temperature;
1509 9) temperature class or maximum sheath/surface temperature as applicable;
1510 10) thermal insulation type, size, and thickness;
1511 11) thermal insulation cladding specification, if applicable.

1512 7.3.4 For trace heating systems according to controlled design method

1513 The trace heating system documentation shall include the following information:

1514 a) trace heating circuit identification;

1515 b) trace heating system design parameters:
1516 1) location of the sensor of the temperature controller / limiter on the pipe / workpiece;
1517 2) details of the mounting of the sensor in accordance with 4.5.3, a), b) or c);
1518 3) temperature to be maintained or the maximum process / exposure temperature;
1519 4) maximum ambient temperature;
1520 5) temperature controller / limiter set point;
1521 6) trace heater type;
1522 7) operating voltage;
1523 8) trace ratio;
1524 9) length or dimensions of trace heater;
1525 10) temperature class or maximum sheath/surface temperature as applicable.
1526 11) Details for any failure annunciation and monitoring in accordance with 4.5.3.3.

1527 This information may be supplemented by the information listed in IEC/IEEE 60079-30-2.

1528 7.4 Instructions for installation of trace heating system

1529 The instructions shall include:

1530 a) the following statement or its equivalent “Suitable for use with” and a listing of applicable
1531 trace heaters, or a listing of applicable connection fittings, as applicable;
1532 b) the statement “Earth fault equipment protection is required for each circuit”;
1533 c) the statement “De-energise circuits before installation or serv icing”;
1534 d) the following statement or its equivalent “Keep ends of trace heaters and kit components
1535 dry before and during installation”;
1536 e) for trace heaters certified for reduced levels of impact and/or deformation, the statement
1537 “Caution: Only use in areas with low risk of mech anical damage”. And if applicable (see
1538 4.1), the statement “Caution: This mechanical covering shall not be removed and the
1539 trace heaters shall not be operated without the mechanical covering being in place”;
1540 f) for trace heaters, the following statement or its equivalent “The electrically conductive
1541 covering of this trace heater shall be connected to a suitable earthing terminal”;
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 55 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1542 g) the following statement or its equivalent “The presence of the trace heaters shall be made
1543 evident by the posting of caution signs or mark ings at appropriate locations and/or at
1544 frequent intervals along the circuit”;
1545 h) test requirements to be performed in the field and documented on a trace heater
1546 installation record; an example is provided in Annex B;
1547 i) the following statement or its equivalent “The insulation resistance of the trace heater
1548 shall be measured and recorded after installat ion and shall not be less than 20 M (or a
1549 higher value if specified by the manufacturer)” ;
1550 j) the following statements or their equivalent “Persons involved in the installation and
1551 testing of electric trace heating systems shall be suitably trained in all special techniques
1552 required. Installation shall be carried out under the supervision of a qualified person”;
1553 k) any restrictions that the heating portion of the trace heater set shall not touch, cross over, or
1554 overlap itself;
1555 l) the minimum bending radius;
1556 m) the minimum installation temperature.

1557 7.5 Instructions for commissioning

1558 The instructions shall include a statement that the trace heating system parameters (as
1559 indicated in 7.3.2, 7.3.3, and 7.3.4) shall be verified during commissioning.

1560 7.6 Instructions for maintenance / repair or modification

1561 The instructions shall include:

1562 a) the statement “Caution: consult the trace heating system documentation prior to
1563 maintenance/repair/modification”;
1564 b) the statement “After maintenance/repair/modification, t est the operation of the earth-fault
1565 device of each affected circuit” or equivalent;
1566 c) the statement “In the event of an earth fault or over current interruption, the device shall
1567 not be reset until the cause of the trip has been investigated by qualified personnel ” or
1568 equivalent;
1569 d) the statement “Upon completion of maintenance/repair/modification, the insulation
1570 resistance of the trace heater shall be measured and recorded after installation and shall
1571 not be less than 20 M,” or equivalent.

1572
 31/1613/CD – 56 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1573 Annex A
1574 (informative)
1575
1576 Type test matrix for EPLs Gb/Gc/Db/Dc
1577 (Refer to IEC 60079-14 for the relationship of EPLs to Zones)
1578

1579 Table A.1 demonstrates determination of test samples.

1580 Table A.1 – Determination of test samples

Quantity/Length of Samples Temperature Terminations

Clause Type test Trace Trace Heater controller / Integral Separate
Heater Pad / Panel limiter

f
5.1.2 Dielectric test 3m X
f
5.1.3 Electrical insulation resistance test 3m X
f
5.1.4 Flammability test 0,45 m X X
5.1.5 Impact test
f
5.1.5.1 Room temperature impact test 0,45 m X
f
5.1.5.2 Minimum temperature impact test 0,45 m X
f
5.1.6 Deformation test 0,45 m X
f
5.1.7 Cold bend test 0,45 m
f
5.1.8 Water resistance test 3m
f
5.1.9 Integral components resistance to 3m X X
water test
5.1.10 Verification of rated output
f
5.1.10 a) Resistance 3m
5.1.10 b) Thermal 33m b f

f
5.1.11 Thermal stability of electrical 3m X
insulating material
5.1.12 Thermal performance test 3  0,3 m c f

5.1.13 Product classification approachd 1,5 m f

5.1.13.4.2 Systems approach – pipe 10 me X g

Sculpturea,d
5.1.13.4.3 Systems approach – vesselsa,d f
X g

5.1.13.4.4 Systems approach – tubing -4,5 me X g

Bundlesa,d
5.1.13.4.5 Systems approach – plate testa,d 3 × 0,7 m or X
X
1 × 3,5 m or X
X
2 × 0,9 m or

1 × 2,5 m
f
5.1.14 Verification of start-up current 1m
f
5.1.15 Verification of the electrical 3m
resistance of electrically conductive
covering
f
5.1.16 Outdoor exposure test 4 x 0,45 m X
a d
Use parameters of Table 2, Table 3 All samples in the upper half of power output tolerance.
e
0 or D.3 as appropriate. Length of sample determined by the installation
b
From three separate samples. instructions and test apparatus, amount of samples can
vary.
IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 57 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

c f
The lowest rated voltage level and the maximum At least one representative sample is required. The exact
rated power output; The highest rated voltage size is to be agreed between the testing station and
and the minimum rated power output. manufacturer.
g
If applicable as required by the test.
 31/1613/CD – 58 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1581 Annex B
1582 (informative)
1583
1584 Checklist for installation
1585

1586 Table B.1 gives an example of a trace heater installation record.

1587 Table B.1 – Trace heater installation record – Example

Location System Project number Reference drawing(s)

Line number Trace heater number Area classification Temperature class or
maximum sheath/surface
temperature
Panel number Location Circuit number Circuit amp/voltage
Trace heater manufacturer Trace heater model Trace heater wattage unit length/voltage rating
Verify certification marking:
Megohm meter manufacturer/model Voltage setting Accuracy/full scale
Megohm meter date of last calibration
Multimeter manufacturer/model Ohm setting Accuracy/full scale
TRACE HEATER TESTING Test value/remarks Date Initials
NOTES
Minimum acceptable insulation resistance shall be 20 M  except that for #4 below for MI trace heaters the
minimum is 5 M when measured at the trace heater junction box . Minimum acceptable test voltage is 500
V d.c. However, 1 000 V d.c. recommended for MI, 2 500 V d.c. for polymeric trace heaters.
1 Receipt of material on reel
Continuity test on reel
Insulation resistance test on reel
2 Piping completed (approval to start trace heater installation)
3 Trace heater installed (approval to start thermal insulation installation)
Trace heater correctly installed on pipe, vessel or equipment
Trace heater correctly installed at valves, pipe supports, other heat sinks
Components correctly installed and terminated (power, tee -end seal)
Installation agrees with manufacturer's instructions and circuit design
4 Thermal insulation installation complete
Continuity test
Insulation resistance test
SYSTEM INSPECTED
5 Marking, tagging and identification complete (see
IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2014, Clause 6)
6 Trace heater effectively earthed
7 Temperature controls properly installed and set points verified
8 Junction boxes all certified and closed
9 Thermal insulation weather tight (all penetrations sealed)
10 End seals, covered splices marked on insulation outer cladding
11 Drawings, documentation marked as-built
Performed by: Company Date
Witnessed by: Company Date
Accepted by: Company Date
Approved by: Company Date
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 59 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1588 Annex C
1589 (normative)
1590
1591 Trace heater product design verification methodology
1592

1593 C.1 General

1594 The determination of system temperatures, particularly product sheath temperatures in

1595 specified adverse conditions, is critical for controlled designs and stabilized designs of circuits .
1596 The manufacturer shall maintain the capability to correctly calculate system temperatures over
1597 the range of parameters covered by the certification, and to demonstrate this capability by test
1598 and by comparison of the results to the system design calculations.

1599 Calculation methodology is typically based on the use of widely known and accepted heat
1600 transfer formulae, which are adjusted as necessary to reflect the empirical data and which
1601 typically incorporate safety factors as needed.

1602 This Annex indicates the formulae and considerations that manufacturers typically rely on to
1603 create their system design capability.

1604 C.2 Design methodology and selection of trace heaters

1605 It is important that the design methodology includes trace heater selection criteria to optimize
1606 the determination of the maximum possible system temperature under specified adverse
1607 conditions as specified in this standard. The temperature may be reduced, for example, through
1608 adjustments to the system parameters, by the use of multiple tracers to reduce the power
1609 produced per unit length, or by the selection of the temperature control system.

1610 The maximum withstand temperature of the trace heaters shall be greater than the maximum
1611 possible workpiece temperature (which can be greater than the normal operating temperature).

1612 As indicated in 4.5.1, the maximum sheath temperatures of trace heaters are determined by the
1613 product classification method, by stabilized design, or by controlled design. For the product
1614 classification method, further temperature limiting control measures are not necessary,
1615 provided that the temperature class of the trace heater is lower in temperature than that
1616 specified for the application. Nevertheless the control limiting and stabilized design measures
1617 may be applied to operate the system in a narrower band of process temperatures . The
1618 considerations for stabilized design and for controlled design are similar, with a need in both
1619 cases to accurately determine the system heat loss and the maximum system and sheath
1620 temperatures. In the case of stabilized design, the evaluation of energy balance of the system
1621 is additionally necessary.

1622 C.3 Stabilized design calculations

1623 Stabilized design is based on the principle of determining the maximum workpiece and trace
1624 heater sheath temperatures under specified adverse conditions. This is a calculation of the
1625 equilibrium conditions that occur when the heat input equals the system heat loss. The specified
1626 adverse conditions include:

1627 a) maximum ambient temperature, typically assumed to be 40 °C unless otherwise specified;

1628 b) no wind (still air);
1629 c) use of a conservative or minimum value for the thermal conductivity of the thermal
1630 insulation;
 31/1613/CD – 60 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1631 d) no temperature control by design or to simulate a failed temperature controller;

1632 e) the trace heater is operated at its stated operating voltage plus 10 %;
1633 f) the trace heater is assumed to be operating at the upper limit of the manufacturing tolerance,
1634 or at the minimum specific resistanc e for series trace heaters.
1635 g) the maximum runaway workpiece temperature, or the maximum equilibrium process
1636 temperature if greater.

1637 Testing for stabilized design is given in 5.1.13. Typically the maximum sheath temperature of
1638 the trace heater is calculated from formulae derived from the evaluation of empirical data, or by
1639 the theoretical approach described below. Altern atively, design programs that calculate the
1640 maximum sheath temperature on the basis of these specified adverse parameters may be used.

1641 C.4 Trace heater performance and equilibrium conditions

1642 Depending on the application and the type of heat tracing, it may be necessary to evaluate the
1643 system at equilibrium conditions. Trace heating systems with no controls and trace heating
1644 systems with ambient sensing controls are typical examples. Figure C.1 shows examples of
1645 power output curves for constant wattage trace heaters and for PTC (positive temperature
1646 coefficient) trace heaters with different slope characteristics. The heat loss line represents the
1647 conditions that occur at the lowest ambient temperature. This illustrates that the constant
1648 wattage trace heater maintains the workpiece at the highest temperature (80 °C), but since it
1649 also has the highest output (32 W/m) it also has the highest operating temperature. The PTC
1650 trace heater with the steepest slope maintains the workpiece at the lowest temperature (50 °C),
1651 but also has the lowest output (23 W/m) and therefore the lowest operating temperature.

50

45

40

35
Power output W/m

30

25

20

15
10

0
–20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Pipe temperature °C

Constant wattage PTC-2 PTC-1 Heat loss

IEC
1652

1653 Figure C.1 – Equilibrium conditions for workpiece maintenance

1654 Figure C.2 shows the same example, but from the perspective of evaluating the upper limits. In
1655 this case the heat loss line is shifted to the highest possible ambient, and the crossing points
1656 illustrate the maintain temperature and relative power outputs at these conditions. The PTC-1
1657 trace heater now has a higher maintain temperature than before ( 91 °C), but the output level
1658 has decreased (16 W/m) due to the decreasing slope of the output curve. This sa me approach
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 61 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1659 may be used when evaluating the upper limit operating conditions for the stabilized design
1660 approach.

50
45

40

35
Power output W/m

30

25
20

15
10

5
0
–20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Pipe temperature °C

Constant wattage PTC-2 PTC-1 Heat loss

IEC
1661

1662 Figure C.2 – Equilibrium conditions for upper limit evaluation

1663 The power output levels of different trace heaters are typically provided by the manufacturer in
1664 the product literature and/or in a design program. In most cases, the output curves for the PTC
1665 trace heater types are defined based on empirical data from test fixtures correlated to the test
1666 of 5.1.10.

1667 The output of series type trace heaters is typically defined from its electrical parameters by
1668 using the following formula:

V2
Q=
1669 (C.1)
rs l 2

1670 where
1671 Q is the power output of the trace heater (W/m);
1672 V is the system voltage (V);
1673 r s is the specific resistance of each conductor (ohm/m);
1674 l is the length of each conductor (m).

1675 The specific resistance of the conductor is a function of the conductor temperature, as given by
1676 the formula:

1677
rs = r (1 + T ) (C.2)

1678 where
 31/1613/CD – 62 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1679 r is the resistance of the conductor at 20 °C (ohm/m);

1680  is the alpha coefficient for the type of material of the conductor (1/K);
1681 T is the difference between the temperature of the conductor in the operating state and
1682 20 °C (K).

1683 It is important to recognize that the following characteristics of a trace heating system should
1684 exist for the installation to be successful:

1685 a) The output of the trace heater(s) should be greater than the system heat loss including a
1686 suitable safety factor. This can be achieved by installing a single trace heater with suitable
1687 output, by using multiple passes, or by spiraling if nee ded to keep the output level as low
1688 as possible.
1689 b) Potential voltage deviations or other changes in system parameters over time should be
1690 determined and compensated for by the safety factor.
1691 c) The upper limit of the system shall be evaluated for applicat ions where process
1692 temperature accuracy is critical, or that have a wide range of ambient temperatures, or for
1693 systems that have no control or that have ambient sensing control.

1694 C.5 Heat loss calculations

1695 To determine actual heat losses for a given set of cond itions, a complete insulation
1696 specification, including the thermal conductivity of the insulation at several mean temperatures,
1697 the type of weather barrier specified, insulation size and thickness, desired pipe maintenance
1698 temperature, and the ambient temperature and wind conditions, is required.

1699 Given these parameters, the heat loss for pipes and tubes may be evaluated by Equation ( C.3):

(Tp − Ta )
1700 q= (C.3)
1 ln (D2 / D1 ) ln (D3 / D2 ) 1 1
+ + + +
D1hi k1 2k 2 D3 hco D3 ho

1701 where
1702 q is the heat loss per unit length of pipe (W/m);
1703 Tp is the desired maintenance temperature (°C);
1704 Ta is the specified design ambient temperature (°C);
1705 D1 is the inside diameter of the inner insulation layer (m);
1706 D2 is the outside diameter of the inner insulation layer (m), (inside diameter of the outer
1707 insulation layer when present);

1708 D3 is the outside diameter of the outer insulation layer (m), (when present);
1709 k1 is the thermal conductivity of the inner layer of insulation evaluated at its mean
1710 temperature (W/m∙K);
1711 k2 is the thermal conductivity of the outer layer of insulation, when present, evaluated at its
1712 mean temperature (W/m∙K);

1713 hi is the inside air contact coefficient from the workpiece to the inner insulation surface
1714 when present (W/m 2 ∙K);
1715 h co is the inside air contact coefficient from the outer insulation surf ace to the weather
1716 barrier when present (W/m 2 ∙K);
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 63 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1717 ho is the outside air film coefficient from the weather barrier to ambient (W/m 2 ∙K) (typical
1718 values for this term range from 3 W/m 2 ∙K to 284 W/m 2 ∙K for low-temperature
1719 applications below 50 °C).

1720 The heat loss for pipes and tubes is described in more detail, with an example, in IEC/IEEE
1721 60079-30-2.

1722 Following the same process, the heat loss for vessels may be evaluated by Equation (C.4):

1723 (Tp − Ta ) (C.4)

q=
1 b1 b 1 1
+ + 2 + +
hi k1 k2 hco ho

1724 where
1725 q is the heat loss per unit area of vessel (W/m 2 );
1726 b 1 is the thickness of the inner insulation layer (m);
1727 b 2 is the thickness of the outer insulation layer (m), (when present).

1728 Other terms are defined with formula (C.3).

1729 The heat loss for vessels is described in more detail in IEC/IEEE 60079-30-2.

1730 For ease of product selection, trace heating suppliers often furnish simple charts and graphs of
1731 heat losses for various maintain temperatures and insulations, which usually include a safety
1732 factor.

1733 C.6 Heat loss design safety factor

1734 Since heat loss calculations based on theoretical values do not account for imperfections
1735 associated with actual work site installations, a safety factor should be applied to the calculated
1736 values. The safety factor should be based upon the user’s requirem ents that typically range
1737 from 10 % to 25 %. The addition of a safety factor is used to compensate for tolerances in the
1738 trace heating system. Safety factors should be considered for:

1739 a) thermal insulation degradation;

1740 b) supply voltage variations;
1741 c) branch wiring voltage drop;
1742 d) trace heater voltage drop;
1743 e) increased radiation and convection on higher temperature applications;
1744 f) quality of installation of thermal insulation.

1745 C.7 Maximum temperature determination

1746 C.7.1 Theoretical pipe and sheath temperature calculations – Metallic applications

1747 The maximum possible pipe temperature is calculated at maximum ambient temperature with
1748 the trace heater continuously energized. The formula for calculating the maximum potential pipe
1749 temperature is a rearrangement of the terms of the heat l oss formula:
 31/1613/CD – 64 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

Qsf  1 ln (D2 / D1) ln (D3 / D2 ) 1 1 

1750 Tpr =  + + + +  + Ta (C.5)
  D1 hi 2 k1 2 k2 D2 hco D2 ho 

1751 where
1752 T pr is the maximum calculated runaway pipe temperature (°C);
1753 Q sf is the trace heater output. For determining temperature classes for stabilized design,
1754 Q sf is the highest declared power output at the maximum manufacturer’s output
1755 tolerance (W/m), adjusted for 110 % of rated voltage;

1756 Ta is the maximum specified design ambient temperature (°C) .

1757 Other terms are defined with formula (C.3). Iterative techniques may be applied to the
1758 calculation of formula (C.5) in order to arrive at T pr , since the thermal conductivity of the
1759 insulation and the trace heater output can be a function of pipe temperature.

1760 The sheath temperature of the trace heater shall be calculated as follows, using the equation
1761 for T pm if T pm is greater than T pr :

Qsf Q
1762 Tsh = + Tpr or Tsh = sf + Tpm (C.6) and (C.7)
UC UC

1763 where
1764 T sh is the trace heater sheath temperature (°C);
1765 U is the overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m 2 ∙K) which is an empirically determined
1766 value;
1767 C is the trace heater circumference (m);
1768 T pr is the maximum calculated runaway pipe temperature (°C);
1769 T pm is the maximum declared process temperature (°C).

1770 The overall heat transfer coefficient is different for each trace heater type, installation method
1771 and system configuration. It is a combination of conductive, convective and radiation heat
1772 transfer modes. The value of U can vary from 12 for a cylindrical trace heater in air (primarily
1773 convective), to 170 or more for a trace heater applied using heat transfer aids (primarily
1774 conductive). Upon request, the trace heating supplier should provide the U-factor for given
1775 applications, or furnish calculated or experimentally determined sheath temperatures.

1776 The power output Q sf of the trace heater selected shall provide the stabilized design and T sh
1777 shall not exceed the temperature class .

1778 C.7.2 Theoretical vessel and sheath temperature calculations – Metallic applications

1779 Similarly, for vessels, the maximum possible vessel temperature is calculated at maximum
1780 ambient temperature with the trace heater continuously energized . The formula for calculating
1781 the maximum potential vessel temperature is a rearrangement of the terms of the heat loss
1782 formula:

1 b b 1 1 
1783 Twr = Qsf  + 1 + 2 + +  + Ta (C.8)
 i
h k1 k 2 hco ho

1784 where
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 65 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1785 T wr is the maximum calculated runaway vessel temperature (°C);

1786 Q sf is the trace heater output. For determining temperature classes for stabilized design,
1787 Q sf is the highest declared power output at the maximum manufacturer’s output
1788 tolerance (W/m 2 ), adjusted for 110 % of rated voltage;
1789 Ta is the maximum specified design ambient temperature (°C).

1790 Other terms are defined above. Iterative techniques may be applied to the calculation of formula
1791 (8) in order to arrive at T wr , since the thermal conductivity of the insulation and the trace heater
1792 output can be a function of the temperature of the vessel.

1793 The sheath temperature of the trace heater pad or panel shall be calculated as follows, using
1794 the equation for T wm if T wm is greater than T wr :

Qsf Qsf
1795 Tsh = + T wr or Tsh = + T wm (C.9) and (C.10)
U U

1796 where
1797 T sh is the trace heater sheath temperature (°C);
1798 U is the overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m 2 ∙K) which is an empirically determined
1799 value;
1800 T wr is the maximum calculated runaway vessel temperature (°C);
1801 T wm is the maximum declared process temperature (°C).

1802 The overall heat transfer coefficient is different for each trace heater type, installation method
1803 and system configuration. It is a combination of conductive, convective and radiation heat
1804 transfer modes. The value of U can vary from 12 for a trace heater in air (primarily convective),
1805 to 170 or more for a trace heater applied using heat transfer aids (primarily conductive). Upon
1806 request, the trace heating supplier should provide the U-factor for given applications, or furnish
1807 calculated or experimentally determined sheath temperatures.

1808 The power output Q sf of the trace heater selected over the combination of heat loss q and heat
1809 transfer from the tracer, shall provide the stabilized design and ensure that T sh shall not exceed
1810 the temperature class or any other maximum temperature limitati ons listed above.

1811 C.7.3 Sheath temperature – metallic applications utilizing a temperature limiter

1812 control sensing the trace heater sheath or an artificial hot spot

1813 When the limiter control sensor is located directly on the trace heater the following shall be
1814 included in the evaluation of sheath temperatures:

1815 Tsh = TL + Toffset (C.11)

1816 where

1817 TL is the set point of the temperature limiter

1818  T offset is the empirically determined temperature difference between the sensor and the
1819 actual maximum tracer sheath temperature.  T offset is a function of variables such
1820 as geometry and mass of the trace heater and sensor, power output of the trace
1821 heater, heat transfer coefficient, and control system hysteresis.
 31/1613/CD – 66 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1822 C.7.4 Theoretical sheath temperature calculations – Non-metallic applications

1823 For non-metallic applications, the workpiece wall thermal resistance should be considered, as
1824 the non-metallic material is a poor heat transfer medium. These materials can have a thermal
1825 conductivity (k-factor) 1/200 of that of steel, and a substantial temperature difference can
1826 develop across the pipe or tank wall depending on the trace heater power output. This higher
1827 than normal temperature (when compared to tracing metallic pipes and vessels) can have two
1828 adverse effects:

1829 a) the non-metallic workpiece maximum allowable temperature is exceeded;

1830 b) the trace heater maximum allowable temperature is exceeded.

1831 The sheath temperature of the trace heater under normal operating conditions is in principle
1832 obtained from formulae (6), (7), (9) or (10). However, in obtaining U, the effect of the thermal
1833 resistance of the workpiece wall should be included. The overall heat transfer coefficient for a
1834 plastic surface is:

1 1 L
1835 = + (C.12)
Up Um kp

1836 where

1837 Up is the overall heat transfer coefficient for a non-metallic pipe (W/m 2 ∙K);
1838 Um is the overall heat transfer coefficient for a metallic workpiece (W/m 2 );
1839 L is the workpiece wall thickness, in metres (m);
1840 kp is the thermal conductivity of workpiece wall material (W/m∙K).

1841 Because of the additional thermal resistance of the non -metallic material, a temperature
1842 difference exists across the workpiece wall; that is, the outside workpiece wall and fluid
1843 temperature are not the same as in the case of a metallic workpiece. Therefore, fluid
1844 temperature should be considered.

1845 For non-metallic pipe, then:

Qsf
1846 Tsh = + Tf (C.13)
U pC

1847 where
1848 Q sf is the trace heater output. For determining temperature classes for stabilized design, Q sf
1849 is the highest declared power output at the maximum manufacturer’s output tolerance
1850 (W/m), adjusted for 110 % of rated voltage;

1851 Tf is the fluid temperature (°C).

1852 Similarly, for non-metallic vessels, the equation is:

Qsf
1853 Tsh = + Tf (C.14)
Up

1854 where
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 67 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1855 Q sf is the trace heater output. For determining temperature classes for stabilized design,
1856 Q sf is the highest declared power output at the maximum manufacturer’s output
1857 tolerance (W/m 2 ), adjusted for 110 % of rated voltage;
1858 Tf is the fluid temperature (°C).

1859 Formulae (13) and (14) represent a conservative simplification of a complex problem that
1860 involves criteria beyond the scope of this standard. The trace heating manufacturer shall
1861 provide sheath temperature data for specific applications.

1862 The power output of the trace heater selected shal l provide the stabilized design and T sh shall
1863 not exceed the temperature class or any other maximum temperature limitations.

1864 C.7.5 Sheath temperature – non-metallic applications utilizing a temperature limiter

1865 control sensing the trace heater sheath or an artificial hot spot

1866 When the limiter control sensor is located directly on the trace heater the following shall be
1867 included in the evaluation of sheath temperatures:

1868 Tsh = TL + Toffset (C.9, repeated)

1869 where
1870 TL is the set point of the temperature limiter
1871  T offset is the empirically determined temperature difference between the sensor and the
1872 actual maximum tracer sheath temperature.  T offset is a function of variables such as
1873 geometry and mass of the trace heater and sensor, power output of the trace heater,
1874 heat transfer coefficient, and control system hysteresis.
1875
 31/1613/CD – 68 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1876 Annex D
1877 (normative)
1878
1879 Calculation methodology for coverage of electrically conductive
1880 covering
1881

1882 D.1 Calculation methodology

1883 The coverage of the electrically conductive covering shall be determined using the following:

1884 % Coverage = 100(2F – F2) (D.1)

1885 where

1886 F = NCd/(2L sin a) (D.2)

1887 where

1888 N = number of wires per carrier

1889 C = number of carriers
1890 d = diameter of individual wires
1891 L = lay of wires
1892 a = angle of braid with axis of underlying core, having a tangent of angle equal to:
1893 tan (a) = π(D + 2d)/L (D.3)

1894 where

1895 D = diameter of core under covering as measured for a round trace heater

1896 Alternately, for a flat profile trace heater the equivalent diameter calculated as:

1897 D = (2(w – h) + πh)/π (D.4)

1898 where

1899 w = width of the cross-section of the core under shield of a flat profile trace heater
1900 h = height of the cross-section of the core under shield of a flat profile trace heater
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 69 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1901 Annex E
1902 (normative)
1903
1904 Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2 trace heating systems
1905

1906 E.1 Application

1907 The Division method of area classification, including the indication of Classes I, II, or III for
1908 explosive atmospheres for gases, dusts, or fibres/flyings respectively, may be applied by some
1909 users of this standard.

1910 Trace heating systems identified for Division 1 are not intended for installation in applications
1911 where ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors, or combustible dusts, or ignitable
1912 fibers or flyings are present continuously or for long periods of time, such as the vapor space
1913 of a tank, a paint spray booth, or similar enclosed areas .

1914 NOTE Information on the Division method is given in NFPA 70 and CSA C22.1.

1915 E.2 General

1916 Trace heating systems identified for Divisio ns shall comply with the requirements for the EPL
1917 shown in Table E.1, supplemented or modified by the requirements shown in 0 through 0.

1918 Table E.1 – Division trace heating systems

Division Equipment protection level (EPL)

Class I, Division 1 ‘Gb’
Class II, III Division 1 ‘Db’
Class I, Division 2 ‘Gc’
Class II, III Division 2 ‘Dc’

1919 E.3 Terminations and connections

1920 Where possible, trace heater terminations and connections are intended to be located outside
1921 explosive atmospheres classified as Division 1 . In case this is not possible, the terminations
1922 and connections in addition to the trace heater shall be identified for installation in Division 1
1923 areas.

1924 E.4 Control and temperature requirements

1925 E.4.1 General

1926 The Class, Division, Group, and minimum gas, dust or fiber/flying autoignition temperature for
1927 the location shall be specified. As an alternative to autoignition temperature, the temperature
1928 class indicated in NFPA 70 and CSA C22.1 may be specified.

1929 E.4.2 Stabilized design

1930 Table E.2 defines the design conditions for the Division method of area classification for the
1931 stabilized design approach.
 31/1613/CD – 70 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1932 Table E.2 – Sheath temperature design conditions – Stabilized design approach

Class I, II or III
Item Division 1 Division 2
Percent of rated voltage 110 110
a
Maximum workpiece temperature for calculation --- --- a
Maximum wind speed for calculation 0 0

Sheath temperatures for Division 1 shall be calculated using minimum heat transfer
coefficient, U, without heat transfer aids.

a
The workpiece temperature (T pr or T pm , whichever is greater) used to calculate the

maximum sheath temperature – see Annex C.

1933 E.4.3 Controlled design

1934 The application of temperature control to limit sheath temperatures varies by area classification
1935 as indicated below and in Table E.3.

1936 a) Class I, II or III Division 1 – temperature controller and high temperature limiter .

1937 b) Class I, II or III Division 2 – temperature controller.

1938 Table E.3 – Sheath temperature design conditions – With temperature controller and/or
1939 high temperature limiter

Class I, II or III
Item Division 1 Division 2
Percent of rated voltage 110 110
a
Maximum workpiece temperature for calculation --- --- a or b
Maximum wind speed for calculation 0 0
Sheath temperatures for Division 1 shall be calculated using minimum heat transfer
coefficient, U, without heat transfer aids.
a
Use the set point of the applicable protective device (temperature limiter).
b
Use the set point of the applicable temperature controller.

1940 E.4.4 Requirements for protective device in Divisions 1 and 2

1941 The requirements of 4.4 apply for trace heating to be used in areas classified using the Division
1942 method. For Division 1 equipment, the requirements of 0 also apply except that the trace heating
1943 is to be suitable for the appropriate Class . For Division 2 trace heating, the requirements of 0
1944 also apply except that the trace heating is to be suitable for the appropriate Class.

1945 E.5 Type tests

1946 E.5.1 Division 1 trace heating equipment

1947 E.5.1.1 General

1948 Trace heaters shall be tested for increased impact energy and static mechanical load. The
1949 requirements for system components other than integral components are covered in other
1950 applicable standards for equipment for use in Class I, II or III, Division 1 locations. The following
1951 tests are intended to qualify trace heaters and integral components (if applicable) for application
1952 in these explosive atmospheres and are required in addition to all the type tests described in
1953 5.1. The test samples needed for the type tests are summarized in 0.
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 71 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1954 E.5.1.2 Verification of sheath temperatures

1955 The sheath temperature test described in 5.1.13 shall be conducted at the conditions defined
1956 in Tables D.2 and D.3, and the resultant sheath temperatures shall not exceed the declared
1957 temperature class or the maximum predicted sheath temperature.

1958 E.5.1.3 Mechanical type tests

1959 The deformation test as described in 5.1.6 shall be conducted at 2 000 N. The impact test as
1960 described in 5.1.5.2 shall be conducted retaining the same impact area at an impact energy of
1961 27,1 J.

1962 E.5.2 Division 2 equipment

1963 E.5.2.1 General

1964 The requirements for system components other than integral components are covered in other
1965 standards for equipment for use in the respective Class I, II, or III Division 2 locations. The
1966 following test is intended to qualify trace heaters for use in these explosive atmospheres and is
1967 required in addition to the type tests described in 5.1.

1968 E.5.2.2 Verification of sheath temperatures

1969 The sheath temperature test described in 5.1.13 shall be conducted at design conditions defined
1970 in Tables D.2 and D.3, and the resultant sheath temperature shall not exceed the declared
1971 temperature class or maximum sheath temperature.

1972 E.6 Marking

1973 This requirement supplements the requirements of 6.1.

1974 Trace heaters shall be clearly and permanently surface marked to indicate Class, Division,
1975 Group(s), and Temperature Class.

1976 E.7 Instructions – Installation requirements

1977 In addition to the documentation requirements specified in Clause 7, the instructions and/or
1978 other documentation shall include the following information:

1979 a) Installation and inspection shall be performed by personnel who are trained, qualified, and
1980 knowledgeable in trace heating systems when using the Division method of a rea
1981 classification. The installation and inspection shall be in accordance with the system
1982 manufacturer’s design documents, product recommendations, and installation instructions;
1983 the installation checklist (see Annex B) shall be followed rigorously.
1984 b) The proposed installation shall be verified for the proper selection of trace heaters and
1985 component systems identified for the application; i.e. Division 1 or Division 2. The
1986 manufacturer’s documentation shall be reviewed for specific installation requirements and
1987 the proposed installation shall be verified that the heating system is compatible with the
1988 environment.
1989 c) For Division 1 installations only, each seal fitting shall be limited to one trace heater or
1990 power lead. In addition, it is required that a seal fitting be installed in the power supply
1991 circuit cable, or conduit immediately adjacent to the trace heater power connection box.
1992 d) Earth-fault equipment protective devices intended for use with trace heating circuits in
1993 Division areas shall be appropriately identified for use in Division areas .
 31/1613/CD – 72 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

1994 e) For Division 1 installations only, the end user shall require that installation personnel
1995 complete a document similar in format to the installation checklist in Annex B. This
1996 document, along with the manufacurer’s design documents, shall be retained by the end
1997 user at the installation for future reference during maintenance and repair.
1998 f) For Division installations, the minimum requirement for all insulation resistance tests
1999 according to 7.6 item d) shall be at least 20 M.

2000
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 73 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

2001 Annex F
2002 (normative)
2003
2004 Type test matrix for Division 1 and 2 explosive atmospheres
2005

2006 Table F.1 – Applicable trace heater and trace heater pads
2007 and panels tests by installation location

Clause Type test Division 1 Division 2

5.1.2 Dielectric test X X
5.1.3 Electrical insulation resistance test X X
5.1.4 Flammability test X X
5.1.5 Impact test
5.1.5.1 Room temperature impact test X X
5.1.5.2 Minimum temperature impact test X X
5.1.6 Deformation test X X
5.1.7 Cold bend test X X
5.1.8 Water resistance test X X
5.1.9 Integral components resistance to water test X X
5.1.10 Verification of rated output X X
5.1.11 Thermal stability of electrical insulating X X
material
5.1.12 Thermal X X
5.1.13.2 Product classification approach X X
5.1.13.4.2 Systems approach – pipe sculpture X X
5.1.13.4.3 Systems approach – vessels X X
5.1.13.4.4 Systems approach – tubing bundles X X
5.1.13.4.5 Systems approach – plate test X X
5.1.14 Verification of start-up current X X
5.1.15 Verification of the electrical resistance of X X
electrically conductive covering
5.1.16 Outdoor exposure test X X
0 Class I, II and III Division 1 locations
0 Verification of sheath temperatures X
0 Mechanical type tests X
0 Class I, II and III Division 2 locations
0 Verification of sheath temperatures X
2008
 31/1613/CD – 74 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

2009 Table F.2 – Applicable tests for integral components

2010 with trace heaters and trace heater pads and panels

Clause Type test Division 1 Division 2

5.1.2 Dielectric test X X
5.1.3 Electrical insulation resistance test X X
5.1.4 Flammability test X X
5.1.5 Impact test
5.1.5.1 Room temperature impact test X X
5.1.5.2 Minimum temperature impact test X
5.1.6 Deformation test X
5.1.8 Water resistance test X X
5.1.9 Integral components resistance to water test X X
5.1.11 Thermal stability of electrical insulating X X
material
5.1.15 Verification of the electrical resistance of X X
electrically conductive covering
5.1.16 Outdoor exposure test X X
0 Class I, II and III Division 1 locations
0 Mechanical type tests X
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 75 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

2011 Annex G
2012 (normative)
2013
2014 Applications of Trace Heating in empty conduit

2015 G.1 General

2016 Trace heating systems identified for empty conduit applications comply with the requirements G.2, G.3
2017 and G.4.

2018 G.2 Maximum sheath temperature - trace heating internal to conduit

2019 .For trace heaters intended for installation internal to conduit and piping, the test fixture shall
2020 consist of a 3 m horizontal run and a 1.5 m vertical run of conduit or pipe of a size
2021 representative for the application. Therm ocouples shall be used to monitor the trace heater
2022 sheath temperature, the temperature of connections, and the conduit or pipe temperature.
2023 Thermocouples shall also be located at any other anticipated hot spots at the discretion of the
2024 testing body.

2025 The fixture shall be placed in room ambient and the measurements made at room
2026 temperature. The maximum temperature shall be corrected to the ambient found in empty
2027 conduit applications. Alternatively, the fixture may be placed in an environmental chamber,
2028 and the chamber ambient shall be raised to the maximum ambient temperature. The
2029 measured sheath temperatures shall not exceed manufacturer’s calculated values and shall
2030 not exceed the manufacturer’s declared maximum withstand temperature.

2031 Note: Reference clause 5.3.1 of IEC 60079-0.

2032

2033 G.3 Pull-Strength test

2034 A 68 kg mass, or a mass sufficient to apply the manufacturer's stated maximum conduit pull

2035 strength value, shall be suspended from the free end of a 1 m long sample for 1 min with the

2036 other end of the sample secured tightly. The mass shall then be removed, and the sample

2037 shall be tested using the dielectric test, 5.1.2, and shall withstand this for 1 min without

2038 dielectric breakdown. Also, there shall be no breakage of the conductors or braid and there

2039 shall be no visual damage to the insulation (except in the areas where the sample was

2040 secured).

2041

2042 G.4 Rated output

2043 The test apparatus shall be placed in an environmental chamber ambient such that the
2044 conduit or pipe is held at the rated temperature, and the power leve l of the trace heater shall
2045 be verified. The trace heater output shall be within manufacturer’s declared values.

2046
 31/1613/CD – 76 – IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022
© IEC/IEEE 2022

2047
 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1:2022 – 77 – 31/1613/CD
© IEC/IEEE 2022

2048

2049

2050 Bibliography

2051 ASTM D5207, Standard practice for confirmation of 20 mm (50 W) and 125 mm (500 W) test
2052 flames for small-scale burning tests on plastic materials

2053 CSA C22.1, Canadian Electrical Code, Part 1

2054 CSA C22.2 No. 130-03, Requirements for electrical resistance heating cables and heating
2055 device sets

2056 IEC 60079-7, Explosive atmospheres – Part 7: Equipment protection by increased safety "e"

2057 IEC 62395-1, Electrical resistance trace heating systems for industrial and commercial
2058 applications – Part 1: General and testing requirements

2059 IEC 62395-2, Electrical resistance trace heating systems for industrial and commercial
2060 applications – Part 2: Application guide for system design, installation and maintenance

2061 IEEE Std 515™, IEEE Standard for the Testing, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of
2062 Electrical Resistance Trace Heating for Industrial Applications

2063 IEEE Std 515.1™, IEEE Standard for the Testing, Design, Installation, and Maintenance of
2064 Electrical Resistance Trace Heating for Commercial Applications

2065 NFPA 70, National Electrical Code® (NEC®) 1

2066 IEC/IEEE 60079-30-2, Explosive atmospheres – Part 30-2: Electrical resistance trace heating
2067 – Application guide for design, installation and maintenance

2068

2069 _____________

2070

___________
1 National Electrical Code and NEC are both registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Inc.