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Class 7 Ncert Notes Math's Chapter 1 Integers

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Artham

Resource Material
For Session 2023-24

Best Notes
CBSE
CLASS 7
Mathematics
100% updated Quick Revision,
as per 2023-24 tips, notes &
curriculum. mind maps.

To the point Easily


Answers Understandable &
effective language.
MATHEMATICS
Chapter 1: Integers
Integers
01

Integers

1. Set of positive numbers, 0 and negative numbers is called integers. The set of integers is
denoted by I or Z.
2. Natural numbers are contained in the whole numbers.
3. Whole numbers are contained in the integers.
4. Negative numbers are placed on left side of '0' on the horizontal number line. 0 is less
than every positive integer and greater than every negative integer.
5. Absolute value of a number is only its numerical value without considering the sign into
account.

Properties of integers
i. Closure property is satisfied with respect to addition, subtraction and multiplication
of the integers.
For a, b ϵ I, we have:
a+bϵI
a–bϵI
a×bϵ I
ii. Commutative property is satisfied with respect to addition and multiplication of the
integers.
If a, b ϵ I, then
a+b=b+a
a×b=b×a
iii. Associative property is satisfied with respect to addition and multiplication of the
integers.
If a, b, c ϵ I, then
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c = c + (b + a)
a × (b × c) = (a × b) × c = c × (b × a)
iv. Distributive property: Multiplication is distributive over addition and subtraction of
the integers.
v. a and -a are additive inverses of each other.
vi. 0 is the additive identity for integers.
vii. 1 is the multiplicative identity for integers.
viii. Division by 0 is not defined.

Adding two positive integers results in positive integers, whereas adding two negative
integers will result in the sum with a negative sign. But, the addition of two different signed
integers will result in subtraction only and the sign of the result will be the same as the
larger number has. See a few examples below:

(1)
Integers
01

2+2=4
2 + (-2) = 0
-2 + (-2) = -4
-2 – (-2) = 0

Addition and subtraction


Addition and subtraction are two primary arithmetic operations in Maths. Besides these
two operations, multiplication and division are also two primary operations that we learn in
basic Maths.
The addition represents the values added to the existing value. For example, a basket has
two balls, and if we add more than 2 balls to it, there will be four balls in total. Similarly, if
there are four balls in a basket and if we take out two balls out of it, then the basket is left
with only two balls, which shows subtraction.
Addition and subtraction are not only used for integers but also rational numbers and
irrational numbers. Therefore, both the operations are applicable for all real numbers and
complex numbers. Also, the addition and subtraction algebraic expressions are done based
on the same rules while performing algebraic operations.
Rules to Add and Subtract
Integers are a special group of numbers that are positive, negative and zero, which are not
fractions. Rules for addition and subtraction are the same for all.
Negative Sign and Positive Sign
The integers which we add or subtract could be positive or negative.
Hence, it is necessary to know the rules for positive and negative symbols.
Positive sign/symbol: (+)
Negative sign/symbol: (-)

Addition of Integers

(2)
Integers
01

The three main possibilities in the addition of integers are:


• Addition between two positive numbers
• Addition between two negative numbers
• Addition between a positive number and a negative number

Whenever a positive number and a negative number are added, the sign of the greater
number will decide the operation and sign of the result. In the above example 10 + (-15) = -
5 and (-10) + 15 = 5; here, without sign 15 is greater than 10 hence, numbers will be
subtracted and the answer will give the sign of the greater number.
We know that the multiplication of a negative sign and a positive sign will result in a
negative sign, therefore if we write 10 + (-5), it means the ‘+’ sign here is multiplied by ‘-’
inside the bracket. Therefore, the result becomes 10 – 5 = 5.
Alternatively, to find the sum of a positive and a negative integer, take the absolute value
(“absolute value” means to remove any negative sign of a number, and make the number
positive) of each integer and then subtract these values. Take the above example, 10 + (-
15); absolute value of 10 is 10 and -15 is 15.
⇒ 10 – 15 = -5
Thus, we can conclude the above table as follow:
• Adding two positive integers results in positive integer
• Adding two negative integers results in a sum of integers with a negative sign.
• The addition of a positive and a negative integer gives either a positive or negative-
sum depending on the value of the given numbers.
Note: The sum of an integer and its opposite is always zero. (For example, -5 + 5= 0)

Subtraction of Integers
Like in addition, the subtraction of integers also has three possibilities. They are:
• Subtraction between two positive numbers
• Subtraction between two negative numbers
• Subtraction between a positive number and a negative number

(3)
Integers
01

For ease of calculation, we need to renovate subtraction problems the addition problems.
There are two steps to perform this and are given below.
Convert the subtraction sign into an addition sign.
After converting the sign, take the inverse of the number which comes after the sign.
Once the transformation is done, follow the rules of addition given above.
For example, finding the value of (-5) – (7)
Step 1: Change the subtraction sign into an addition sign
⇒ (-5) + (7)
Step 2: Take the inverse of the number which comes after the sign
⇒ –5 + (-7) (opposite of 7 is -7)
⇒ –5 + (-7) = -12 [Add and put the sign of greater number]

Additive Identity & Additive Inverse


Additive Identity
For every integer a, a + 0 = 0 + a = a here 0 is Additive Identity, since adding 0 to a number
leaves it unchanged.
Example: For an integer 2, 2 + 0 = 0 + 2 = 2.
Additive inverse
For every integer a, a + (−a) = 0 Here, −a is additive inverse of a and a is the additive inverse
of-a.
Example: For an integer 2, (–2) is additive inverse and for (–2), additive inverse is 2. [Since +
2 – 2 = 0]
Properties of Multiplication of Integers
Closure under Multiplication
For every integer a and b, a × b = Integer
Commutative Property of Multiplication
For every integer a and b, a × b = b × a

Multiplication by Zero
For every integer a, a × 0 = 0 × a = 0

Multiplicative Identity
For every integer a, a × 1 = 1 × a = a. Here 1 is the multiplicative identity for integers.

Associative property of Multiplication


For every integer a, b and c, (a × b) × c = a × (b × c)

(4)
Integers
01

Distributive Property of Integers


Under addition and multiplication, integers show the distributive property.
i.e., For every integer a, b and c, a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
These properties make calculations easier.
Multiplication is basically the repeated addition of numbers. For example, if we say, 2
multiplied by 3, it means 2 is added to itself three times.
2×3=2+2+2=6
Therefore, multiplication of integers is the repeated addition as:

Where a and n are both integers.

Division of Integers
When a positive integer is divided by a positive integer, the quotient obtained is a positive
integer.
Example: (+6) ÷ (+3) = +2
When a negative integer is divided by a negative integer, the quotient obtained is a positive
integer.
Example: (-6) ÷ (-3) = +2
When a positive integer is divided by a negative integer or negative integer is divided by a
positive integer, the quotient obtained is a negative integer.
Example: (-6) ÷ (+3) =−2 and Example: (+6) ÷ (-3) = −2
Introduction to Zero
Integers
Integers are the collection of numbers which is formed by whole numbers and their
negatives.
The set of Integers is denoted by Z or I. I = { …, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,… }

Operations on integers
Addition of integers
i. To add two positive numbers, we add their values and give positive sign to the result.
Ex: (+5) + (+2) = +7
ii. To add two negative numbers, we add their values and give negative sign to the
result.
Ex: (-12) + (-3) = -15
iii. One positive and one negative number are added by subtracting them and giving the
sign of the greater number to result. The greater number is decided by ignoring the
signs of the integers.

(5)
Integers
01

Ex: (+24) + (-3) = +21


(-32) + (+8) = -24
Subtraction of integers
While subtracting integers, Minuend remains the same and sign of the subtrahend will
be changed and then added.
Subtraction is nothing but adding the minuend and subtrahend by changing the sign of
the subtrahend.
Ex: (+15) – (+12)
= (+15) + (-12)
(Keep minuend same, change the sign of subtrahend and then add)
= +3
(One +ve and one -ve. Subtract and then give bigger number sign)
Multiplication of integers
To multiply two integers, first signs are multiplied and then the numerals are multiplied.
The multiplication of the signs is as follows:
(+) × (+) = +
(-) × (-) = +
(+) × (-) = -
(-) × (+) = -
Division of integers
To divide two integers, first signs will be divided and then the numerals are divided.
The division of the signs is as follows:
(+) ÷ (+) = +
(-) ÷ (-) = +
(+) ÷ (-) = -
(-) ÷ (+) = -
6. In an exponential number, base is the number which is repeatedly multiplied. Exponent
is the number which tells how many times the base has to be multiplied. In x 7, x is called
base and 7 is called exponent or index or power.
7. If the exponent of a negative integer is odd then the value is negative.
(-5)3 = (-5) × (-5) × (-5) = -125
8. If the exponent of a negative integer is even then the value is positive.
9. Using BODMAS rule, we simplify the numerical expressions.
The order of removing the brackets of an expression is as follows:
() Parethesis, {} Flower or curly brackets and [] Square brackets First we remove () then
{} Lastly [].

(6)
Integers
01

If a bracket is preceded by a negative term, then on removing bracket the signs of the
terms inside the bracket will be changed.
If a bracket is preceded by a positive term, then on removing the bracket the signs of
the terms inside the bracket will not change.

(7)
Integers
01

(8)
Integers
01

Important Questions
Multiple Choice Questions:
Question 1. −67 × (−1) = ?
a) -1
b) -67
c) 67
d) 1
Question 2. Find 4 x (- 8)
a) – 32
b) 32
c) None of these
Question 3. With respect to which of the following operations is closure property
satisfied by the set of integers?
a) +, ×
b) +, ÷, ×
c) +, ×, −
d) +, −, ÷
Question 4. On a number line, when we subtract a positive integer, we
a) move to the right
b) move to the left
c) do not move at all
d) none of these
Question 5. 10 × (−3) = ?
a) 7
b) 30
c) -30
d) None of these
Question 6. What is the absolute value of |-239|?
a) 0
b) 239
c) -239
d) 1

(9)
Integers
01

Question 7. Additive inverse of 10 is:


a) 0
b) 10
c) -10
d) None of these
Question 8. What will be the sign of the product if we multiply together 8 negative
integers?
a) Negative
b) Positive
c) None of these
Question 9. 2 × 4 = ?
a) 8
b) -8
c) 3
d) 6
Question 10. Find 0 x 7
a) 7
b) 0
c) None of these
Question 11. 6 × (−15 + 10) = ______
a) 30
b) -21
c) -30
d) 21
Question 12. If a, b, c are 3 integers then, a + (b + c) =
a) a + b + c
b) (a + b) + c
c) (a + c) + b
d) None of these
Question 13. Where are the negative numbers located on a horizontal number line?
a) On the right of 0
b) On the left of 0
c) Above 0

(10)
Integers
01

d) Below 0
Question 14. What is the value of 124 × 4 − 3 + 118 ÷ 2?
a) 552
b) 496
c) 553
d) −553
Question 15. Evaluate of – 50 ÷ 5
a) -10
b) 10
c) None of these
Fill in the blanks:
Fill in the blanks using < or >.
(a) -3 …… -4
(b) 6 ……. -20
(c) -8 …… -2
(d) 5 …… -7
Very Short Questions:
1. Solve the following:
(-8) × (-5) + (-6)
2. Solve the following:
[(-6) × (-3)] + (-4)
3. Solve the following:
(-10) × [(-13) + (-10)]
4. Solve the following:
(-5) × [(-6) + 5]
5. Starting from (-7) × 4, find (-7) × (-3)
6. Using number line, find:
(i) 3 × (-5)
7. Using number line, find:
(i) 8 × (-2)
8. Write five pair of integers (m, n) such that m ÷ n = -3. One of such pair is (-6,
2).

(11)
Integers
01

Short Questions:
1. Solve the following:
(-15) × 8 + (-15) × 4
2. Solve the following:
[32 + 2 × 17 + (-6)] ÷ 15
3. The sum of two integers is 116. If one of them is -79, find the other integers.
4. If a = -35, b = 10 cm and c = -5, verify that:
(i) a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
(ii) a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
5. Write down a pair of integers whose
(i) sum is -5
(ii) difference is -7
(iii) difference is -1
(iv) sum is 0
Long Questions:
1. You have ₹ 500 in your saving account at the beginning of the month. The
record below shows all of your transactions during the month. How much
money is in your account after these transactions?

2. The given table shows the freezing points in °F of different gases at sea level.
Convert each of these into °C to the nearest integral value using the relations
and complete the table
5
𝐶 = [𝐹 − 32]
9

(12)
Integers
01

3. Taking today as zero on the number line, if the day before yesterday is 17
January, what is the date on 3 days after tomorrow?
Assertion and Reason Questions:
1) Assertion: The integers on the number line forms an infinite sequence.
Reason: A list of numbers following a definite rule which goes on forever is called
an infinite sequence.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct
explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct
explanation for Assertion.
c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) both assertion and reason are false.
2) Assertion: Every integer is a rational number.
Reason: An integer is a number with no decimal or fractional part, from the set of
negative and positive numbers, including zero.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct
explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct
explanation for Assertion.
c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) both assertion and reason are false.

ANSWER KEY -
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. (c) 67
2. (a) – 32
Product of 2 numbers of opposite signs is negative.
3. (c) +,×,−
4. (b) move to the left
5. (c) -30
6. (b) 239
7. (c) -10
If a is an integer then (- a) is its additive inverse.
8. (b) Positive
Since 8 is even so the product of 8 negative integers is positive.

(13)
Integers
01

9. (a) 8
10. (b) 0
Zero multiplied by any integer is zero.
11. (c) -30
12. (b) (a + b) + c
The addition of integer is associative.
13. (b) On the left of 0
14. (a) 552
15. (a) -10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) -3 > -4
(b) 6 > -20
(c) -8 < -2
(d) 5 > -7
Very Short Answer:
1. (-8) × (-5) + (-6)
= (-) × (-) × [8 × 5] + (-6)
= 40 – 6
= 34
2. [(-6) × (-3)] + (-4)
= (-) × (-) × [6 × 3] + (-4)
= 18 – 4
= 14
3. (-10) × [(-13) + (-10)]
= (-10) × (-23)
= (-) × (-) × [10 × 23]
= 230
4. (-5) × [(-6) + 5]
= (-5) × (-1)
= (-) × (-) × 5 × 1
=5
5. (-7) × 4 = -28

(14)
Integers
01

(-7) × 3 = -21 = [-28 + 7]


(-7) × 2 – -14 = [-21 + 7]
(-7) × 1 = -7 = [-14 + 7]
(-7) × 0 = 0 = [-7 + 7]
(-7) × (-1) = 7 = [0 + 7]
(-7) × (-2) = 14 = [7 + 7]
(-7) × (-3) = 21 = [14 + 7]
6. (i) 3 × (-5)

From the number line, we have


(-5) + (-5) + (-5) = 3 × (-5) = -15
7. (i) 8 × (-2)

From the number line, we have


(-2) + (-2) + (-2) + (-2) + (-2) + (-2) + (-2) + (-2) = 8 × (-2) = -1
8. (i) (-3, 1) = (-3) ÷ 1 = -3
(ii) (9, -3) = 9 ÷ (-3) = -3
(iii) (6, -2) = 6 ÷ (-2) = -3
(iv) (-24, 8) = (-24) ÷ 8 = -3
(v) (18, -6) = 18 ÷ (-6) = -3
Short Answer:
1. (i) (-15) × 8 + (-15) × 4
= (-15) × [8 + 4]
= (-15) × 12
= -18
2. (ii) [32 + 2 × 17 + (-6)] ÷ 15
= [32 + 34 – 6] ÷ 15
= [66 – 6] ÷ 15
= 60 ÷ 15

(15)
Integers
01

=4
3. Sum of two integers = 116
One integer = -79
Other integer = Sum of integer – One of integer = 116 – (-79) = 116 + 79 = 195
4. (i) Given that a = -35, b = 10, c = -5
LHS = a + (b + c) = (-35) + [10 + (-5)] = (-35) + 5 = -30
RHS = (a + b) + c = [(-35) + 10] + (-5) = (-25) + (-5) = -(25 + 5) = -30
LHS = RHS
Hence, verified
(ii) a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
LHS = a × (b + c) = (-35) × [10 + (-5)] = (-35) × 5 = -175
RHS = a × b + a × c = (-35) × 10 + (-35) × (-5) = -350 + (-) × (-) × (35 × 5) = -350 + 175 = -
175
LHS = RHS
Hence, verified.
5. (i) (-2) + (-3) = -5
Hence, the required pair of integers = (-2, -3)
(ii) -10 – (-3) = -10 + 3 = -7
Hence, the required pair of integers = (-10, -3)
(iii) (-3) – (-2) = -1
Hence, the required pair of integers = (-3, -2)
(iv) (-4) + (4) = 0
Hence, the required pair of integers = (-4, 4)
Long Answer:
1. Amount in the beginning of the month in the account = ₹ 500
Amount deposited in the account for Jal Board = ₹ 200
Amount paid to Jal Board = ₹ 120
Amount left in the account after the above transactions = ₹ (500 + 200 – 120)
= ₹ (700 – 120) = ₹ 580
Amount deposited for LIC India = ₹ 150
Amount paid to LIC India = ₹ 240
Amount left after this transactions = ₹ (580 + 150 – 240) = ₹ (730 – 240) = ₹
490

(16)
Integers
01

2. Freezing point of Hydrogen = -435°F


5
C = [-435 – 32]
9
5
= [-467]
9
= 5 × (-51.9)
= 259.5°C or 259°C
For Krypton, freezing point = -251°F
5
C= [-251 – 32]
9
5
= [-283]
9
= 5 × (-31.4)]
= -157°C
For Oxygen, freezing point = -369°F
5
C= [-369 – 32]
9
5
= [-401]
9
= 5 × (44.56)
= 222.80° C or 223°C
Hence, the required freezing points at sea level in °C for Hydrogen = -259°C,
Krypton = -157°C, Oxygen = -223°C.
3.

The date before yesterday = 17 January


The date of yesterday = 17 + 1 = 18 January
Today’s date = 18 + 1 = 19 January
Tomorrow’s date = 19 + 1 = 20 January
Date on 3 days after tomorrow = (20 + 3) = 23rd January.
Assertion and Reason Answers:
1) a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation
for Assertion
2) b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct
explanation for Assertion.

(17)
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Teachers and students can also purchase these resources from the links provided with
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SOE CBSE Groups
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 Click to Join SOE CBSE Class 11 (Science) Group
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 Click to Join SOE CBSE Class 11 (Humanities) Group
 Click to Join SOE CBSE Class 12 (Science) Group
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 Click to Join SOE JEE/NEET Group
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 Click to Join SOE NDA, OLYMPIAD, NTSE Group
 Click to Join SOE School Principal Professional Development Group
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SOE ICSE Groups


 Click to Join SOE ICSE Kindergarten Group
 Click to Join SOE ICSE Class 1 Group
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 Click to Join SOE ICSE Class 11 (Science) Group
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 Click to Join SOE ICSE Class 12 (Science) Group
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 Click to Join SOE ICSE Class 12 (Humanities) Group
 Click to Join SOE JEE/NEET Group
 Click to Join SOE CUET Group
 Click to Join SOE NDA, OLYMPIAD, NTSE Group
 Click to Join SOE School Principal Professional Development Group
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Nageen CBSE Channels


 Click to Join Nageen CBSE Kindergarten Channel
 Click to Join Nageen CBSE Class 1 Channel
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 Click to Join Nageen CBSE Class 10 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen CBSE Class 11 (Science) Channel
 Click to Join Nageen CBSE Class 11 (Humanities) Channel
 Click to Join Nageen CBSE Class 11 (Commerce) Channel
 Click to Join Nageen CBSE Class 12 (Science) Channel
 Click to Join Nageen CBSE Class 12 (Commerce) Channel
 Click to Join Nageen CBSE Class 12 (Humanities) Channel
 Click to Join JEE/NEET Channel
 Click to Join CUET Channel
 Click to Join NDA, OLYMPIAD, NTSE Channel

Nageen ICSE Channels


 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Kindergarten Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 1 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 2 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 3 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 4 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 5 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 6 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 7 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 8 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 9 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 10 Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 11 (Science) Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 11 (Commerce) Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 11 (Humanities) Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 12 (Science) Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 12 (Commerce) Channel
 Click to Join Nageen ICSE Class 12 (Humanities) Channel
 Click to Join JEE/NEET Channel
 Click to Join CUET Channel
 Click to Join NDA, OLYMPIAD, NTSE Channel
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Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8

Class 9 Class 10 Class 11 (Science) Class 11 (Commerce)

Class 11 (Humanities) Class 12 (Science) Class 12 (Commerce) Class 12 (Humanities)

Subject Wise Groups Secondary and Senior Secondary

Secondary Groups (IX & X)


SST Mathematics Science English

Hindi Information Techonology

Senior Secondary Groups (XI & XII)


Physics Chemistry English Mathematics

Biology Accountancy Economics BST

History Geography Sociology Hindi Elective

Hindi Core Home Science Sanskrit Psychology

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IP Physical Education App. Mathematics IIT /NEET

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