Class 7 Ncert Notes Math's Chapter 1 Integers
Class 7 Ncert Notes Math's Chapter 1 Integers
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For Session 2023-24
Best Notes
CBSE
CLASS 7
Mathematics
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Integers
1. Set of positive numbers, 0 and negative numbers is called integers. The set of integers is
denoted by I or Z.
2. Natural numbers are contained in the whole numbers.
3. Whole numbers are contained in the integers.
4. Negative numbers are placed on left side of '0' on the horizontal number line. 0 is less
than every positive integer and greater than every negative integer.
5. Absolute value of a number is only its numerical value without considering the sign into
account.
Properties of integers
i. Closure property is satisfied with respect to addition, subtraction and multiplication
of the integers.
For a, b ϵ I, we have:
a+bϵI
a–bϵI
a×bϵ I
ii. Commutative property is satisfied with respect to addition and multiplication of the
integers.
If a, b ϵ I, then
a+b=b+a
a×b=b×a
iii. Associative property is satisfied with respect to addition and multiplication of the
integers.
If a, b, c ϵ I, then
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c = c + (b + a)
a × (b × c) = (a × b) × c = c × (b × a)
iv. Distributive property: Multiplication is distributive over addition and subtraction of
the integers.
v. a and -a are additive inverses of each other.
vi. 0 is the additive identity for integers.
vii. 1 is the multiplicative identity for integers.
viii. Division by 0 is not defined.
Adding two positive integers results in positive integers, whereas adding two negative
integers will result in the sum with a negative sign. But, the addition of two different signed
integers will result in subtraction only and the sign of the result will be the same as the
larger number has. See a few examples below:
(1)
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2+2=4
2 + (-2) = 0
-2 + (-2) = -4
-2 – (-2) = 0
Addition of Integers
(2)
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01
Whenever a positive number and a negative number are added, the sign of the greater
number will decide the operation and sign of the result. In the above example 10 + (-15) = -
5 and (-10) + 15 = 5; here, without sign 15 is greater than 10 hence, numbers will be
subtracted and the answer will give the sign of the greater number.
We know that the multiplication of a negative sign and a positive sign will result in a
negative sign, therefore if we write 10 + (-5), it means the ‘+’ sign here is multiplied by ‘-’
inside the bracket. Therefore, the result becomes 10 – 5 = 5.
Alternatively, to find the sum of a positive and a negative integer, take the absolute value
(“absolute value” means to remove any negative sign of a number, and make the number
positive) of each integer and then subtract these values. Take the above example, 10 + (-
15); absolute value of 10 is 10 and -15 is 15.
⇒ 10 – 15 = -5
Thus, we can conclude the above table as follow:
• Adding two positive integers results in positive integer
• Adding two negative integers results in a sum of integers with a negative sign.
• The addition of a positive and a negative integer gives either a positive or negative-
sum depending on the value of the given numbers.
Note: The sum of an integer and its opposite is always zero. (For example, -5 + 5= 0)
Subtraction of Integers
Like in addition, the subtraction of integers also has three possibilities. They are:
• Subtraction between two positive numbers
• Subtraction between two negative numbers
• Subtraction between a positive number and a negative number
(3)
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For ease of calculation, we need to renovate subtraction problems the addition problems.
There are two steps to perform this and are given below.
Convert the subtraction sign into an addition sign.
After converting the sign, take the inverse of the number which comes after the sign.
Once the transformation is done, follow the rules of addition given above.
For example, finding the value of (-5) – (7)
Step 1: Change the subtraction sign into an addition sign
⇒ (-5) + (7)
Step 2: Take the inverse of the number which comes after the sign
⇒ –5 + (-7) (opposite of 7 is -7)
⇒ –5 + (-7) = -12 [Add and put the sign of greater number]
Multiplication by Zero
For every integer a, a × 0 = 0 × a = 0
Multiplicative Identity
For every integer a, a × 1 = 1 × a = a. Here 1 is the multiplicative identity for integers.
(4)
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Division of Integers
When a positive integer is divided by a positive integer, the quotient obtained is a positive
integer.
Example: (+6) ÷ (+3) = +2
When a negative integer is divided by a negative integer, the quotient obtained is a positive
integer.
Example: (-6) ÷ (-3) = +2
When a positive integer is divided by a negative integer or negative integer is divided by a
positive integer, the quotient obtained is a negative integer.
Example: (-6) ÷ (+3) =−2 and Example: (+6) ÷ (-3) = −2
Introduction to Zero
Integers
Integers are the collection of numbers which is formed by whole numbers and their
negatives.
The set of Integers is denoted by Z or I. I = { …, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,… }
Operations on integers
Addition of integers
i. To add two positive numbers, we add their values and give positive sign to the result.
Ex: (+5) + (+2) = +7
ii. To add two negative numbers, we add their values and give negative sign to the
result.
Ex: (-12) + (-3) = -15
iii. One positive and one negative number are added by subtracting them and giving the
sign of the greater number to result. The greater number is decided by ignoring the
signs of the integers.
(5)
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(6)
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If a bracket is preceded by a negative term, then on removing bracket the signs of the
terms inside the bracket will be changed.
If a bracket is preceded by a positive term, then on removing the bracket the signs of
the terms inside the bracket will not change.
(7)
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(8)
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Important Questions
Multiple Choice Questions:
Question 1. −67 × (−1) = ?
a) -1
b) -67
c) 67
d) 1
Question 2. Find 4 x (- 8)
a) – 32
b) 32
c) None of these
Question 3. With respect to which of the following operations is closure property
satisfied by the set of integers?
a) +, ×
b) +, ÷, ×
c) +, ×, −
d) +, −, ÷
Question 4. On a number line, when we subtract a positive integer, we
a) move to the right
b) move to the left
c) do not move at all
d) none of these
Question 5. 10 × (−3) = ?
a) 7
b) 30
c) -30
d) None of these
Question 6. What is the absolute value of |-239|?
a) 0
b) 239
c) -239
d) 1
(9)
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(10)
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d) Below 0
Question 14. What is the value of 124 × 4 − 3 + 118 ÷ 2?
a) 552
b) 496
c) 553
d) −553
Question 15. Evaluate of – 50 ÷ 5
a) -10
b) 10
c) None of these
Fill in the blanks:
Fill in the blanks using < or >.
(a) -3 …… -4
(b) 6 ……. -20
(c) -8 …… -2
(d) 5 …… -7
Very Short Questions:
1. Solve the following:
(-8) × (-5) + (-6)
2. Solve the following:
[(-6) × (-3)] + (-4)
3. Solve the following:
(-10) × [(-13) + (-10)]
4. Solve the following:
(-5) × [(-6) + 5]
5. Starting from (-7) × 4, find (-7) × (-3)
6. Using number line, find:
(i) 3 × (-5)
7. Using number line, find:
(i) 8 × (-2)
8. Write five pair of integers (m, n) such that m ÷ n = -3. One of such pair is (-6,
2).
(11)
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01
Short Questions:
1. Solve the following:
(-15) × 8 + (-15) × 4
2. Solve the following:
[32 + 2 × 17 + (-6)] ÷ 15
3. The sum of two integers is 116. If one of them is -79, find the other integers.
4. If a = -35, b = 10 cm and c = -5, verify that:
(i) a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
(ii) a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
5. Write down a pair of integers whose
(i) sum is -5
(ii) difference is -7
(iii) difference is -1
(iv) sum is 0
Long Questions:
1. You have ₹ 500 in your saving account at the beginning of the month. The
record below shows all of your transactions during the month. How much
money is in your account after these transactions?
2. The given table shows the freezing points in °F of different gases at sea level.
Convert each of these into °C to the nearest integral value using the relations
and complete the table
5
𝐶 = [𝐹 − 32]
9
(12)
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3. Taking today as zero on the number line, if the day before yesterday is 17
January, what is the date on 3 days after tomorrow?
Assertion and Reason Questions:
1) Assertion: The integers on the number line forms an infinite sequence.
Reason: A list of numbers following a definite rule which goes on forever is called
an infinite sequence.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct
explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct
explanation for Assertion.
c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) both assertion and reason are false.
2) Assertion: Every integer is a rational number.
Reason: An integer is a number with no decimal or fractional part, from the set of
negative and positive numbers, including zero.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct
explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct
explanation for Assertion.
c.) assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) both assertion and reason are false.
ANSWER KEY -
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. (c) 67
2. (a) – 32
Product of 2 numbers of opposite signs is negative.
3. (c) +,×,−
4. (b) move to the left
5. (c) -30
6. (b) 239
7. (c) -10
If a is an integer then (- a) is its additive inverse.
8. (b) Positive
Since 8 is even so the product of 8 negative integers is positive.
(13)
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01
9. (a) 8
10. (b) 0
Zero multiplied by any integer is zero.
11. (c) -30
12. (b) (a + b) + c
The addition of integer is associative.
13. (b) On the left of 0
14. (a) 552
15. (a) -10
Fill in the blanks:
(a) -3 > -4
(b) 6 > -20
(c) -8 < -2
(d) 5 > -7
Very Short Answer:
1. (-8) × (-5) + (-6)
= (-) × (-) × [8 × 5] + (-6)
= 40 – 6
= 34
2. [(-6) × (-3)] + (-4)
= (-) × (-) × [6 × 3] + (-4)
= 18 – 4
= 14
3. (-10) × [(-13) + (-10)]
= (-10) × (-23)
= (-) × (-) × [10 × 23]
= 230
4. (-5) × [(-6) + 5]
= (-5) × (-1)
= (-) × (-) × 5 × 1
=5
5. (-7) × 4 = -28
(14)
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(15)
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=4
3. Sum of two integers = 116
One integer = -79
Other integer = Sum of integer – One of integer = 116 – (-79) = 116 + 79 = 195
4. (i) Given that a = -35, b = 10, c = -5
LHS = a + (b + c) = (-35) + [10 + (-5)] = (-35) + 5 = -30
RHS = (a + b) + c = [(-35) + 10] + (-5) = (-25) + (-5) = -(25 + 5) = -30
LHS = RHS
Hence, verified
(ii) a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c
LHS = a × (b + c) = (-35) × [10 + (-5)] = (-35) × 5 = -175
RHS = a × b + a × c = (-35) × 10 + (-35) × (-5) = -350 + (-) × (-) × (35 × 5) = -350 + 175 = -
175
LHS = RHS
Hence, verified.
5. (i) (-2) + (-3) = -5
Hence, the required pair of integers = (-2, -3)
(ii) -10 – (-3) = -10 + 3 = -7
Hence, the required pair of integers = (-10, -3)
(iii) (-3) – (-2) = -1
Hence, the required pair of integers = (-3, -2)
(iv) (-4) + (4) = 0
Hence, the required pair of integers = (-4, 4)
Long Answer:
1. Amount in the beginning of the month in the account = ₹ 500
Amount deposited in the account for Jal Board = ₹ 200
Amount paid to Jal Board = ₹ 120
Amount left in the account after the above transactions = ₹ (500 + 200 – 120)
= ₹ (700 – 120) = ₹ 580
Amount deposited for LIC India = ₹ 150
Amount paid to LIC India = ₹ 240
Amount left after this transactions = ₹ (580 + 150 – 240) = ₹ (730 – 240) = ₹
490
(16)
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01
(17)
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