2

Mathematical Formulae

1. ALGEBRA

Quadratic Equation

For the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0,

-b ! b 2 - 4ac
x=
2a

Binomial Theorem
JnN JnN JnN
(a + b) n = a n + KK OO a n - 1 b + KK OO a n - 2 b 2 + … + KK OO a n - r b r + … + b n
L1P L2P LrP
JnN n!
where n is a positive integer and KK OO = -
( n r) !r!
LrP

Arithmetic series un = a + ^n 1h d

Sn = 2 n ^a + lh = n #2a + ^n 1h d -
1 1
2

Geometric series un = ar n 1

a ^1 r nh
Sn = ^r ! 1h
1 r
^ r 1 1h
a
S3 =
1 r

2. TRIGONOMETRY

Identities
sin2 A + cos2 A = 1
sec2 A = 1 + tan2 A
cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A

Formulae for ABC

a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C

a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A
1
bc sin A
2

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1 The diagram shows the graph of a cubic curve y = f (x) .

y = f (x)

–2 –1 0 5 x

(a) Find an expression for f (x) . [2]

(b) Solve f (x) G 0 . [2]

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x
2 (a) Write down the period of 2 cos - 1. [1]
3

x
(b) On the axes below, sketch the graph of y = 2 cos - 1 for - 360° G x G 360° . [3]
3
y

– 360° – 180° 0 180° 360° x

–1

–2

–3

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34 DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR IN THIS QUESTION.

Find the positive solution of the equation `5 + 4 7j x 2 + `4 - 2 7j x - 1 = 0 , giving your answer in

the form a + b 7 , where a and b are fractions in their simplest form. [5]

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46 The line y = 5x + 6 meets the curve xy = 8 at the points A and B.

(a) Find the coordinates of A and of B. [3]

(b) Find the coordinates of the point where the perpendicular bisector of the line AB meets the
line y = x . [5]

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57
O

i rad
12 cm

C D
9.6 cm
A M B

The diagram shows an isosceles triangle OAB such that OA = OB and angle AOB = i radians. The
points C and D lie on OA and OB respectively. CD is an arc of length 9.6 cm of the circle, centre O,
radius 12 cm. The arc CD touches the line AB at the point M.

(a) Find the value of i. [1]

(b) Find the total area of the shaded regions. [4]

(c) Find the total perimeter of the shaded regions. [3]

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1 1
6 (a) (i) Show that
10 - = 2 cot 2 i . [3]
sec i - 1 sec i + 1

1 1
(ii) Hence solve - = 6 for - 90° 1 x 1 90° . [5]
sec 2x - 1 sec 2x + 1

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(b) Solve cosec b y + l = 2 for 0 G y G 2r radians, giving your answers in terms of r.

r
[4]
3

Question 11 is printed on the next page.

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1
17 Variables x and y are such that, when 4 y is plotted against , a straight line graph passing through the
x
points (0.5, 9) and (3, 34) is obtained. Find y as a function of x. [4]

28 (a) Write 9x 2 - 12x + 5 in the form p (x - q) 2 + r, where p, q and r are constants. [3]

(b) Hence write down the coordinates of the minimum point of the curve y = 9x 2 - 12x + 5. [1]

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39 DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR IN THIS QUESTION.

p (x) = 15x 3 + 22x 2 - 15x + 2

(a) Find the remainder when p(x) is divided by x + 1. [2]

(b) (i) Show that x + 2 is a factor of p(x) . [1]

(ii) Write p(x) as a product of linear factors. [3]

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106 Find the values of k for which the line y = kx - 7 and the curve y = 3x 2 + 8x + 5 do not intersect.
[6]

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11
7 (a) Solve the simultaneous equations

10 x + 2y = 5,
10 3x + 4y = 50 ,

giving x and y in exact simplified form. [4]

2 1
(b) Solve 2x 3 - x 3 - 10 = 0. [3]

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11 The function f is defined by f (x) = ln(2x + 1) for x H 0.

12

(a) Sketch the graph of y = f (x) and hence sketch the graph of y = f -1 (x) on the axes below. [3]

O x

The function g is defined by g (x) = (x - 4) 2 + 1 for x G 4.

(b) (i) Find an expression for g -1 (x) and state its domain and range. [4]

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(ii) Find and simplify an expression for fg (x) . [2]

(iii) Explain why the function gf does not exist. [1]

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