ANNEX A – Energy Audit Report For Building Cooling System

Date: DD/MM/YYYY

ENERGY AUDIT REPORT

FOR BUILDING COOLING SYSTEM

for
ENTER BUILDING NAME
at
ENTER BUILDING ADDRESS
(BUILDING IMAGE)

Submitted By

Enter name of PE/Energy Auditor

Signature of PE/Energy Auditor

PE (Mech) Registration No*: Enter No.

Energy Auditor Registration No*: Enter No.

*Delete whichever is not applicable

Mar 2023
Contents

1.0 Executive Summary & Recommendation ............................................................................................................ 1

2.0 Building Information .................................................................................................................................................... 2

3.0 Energy Audit Information For Building Cooling System ............................................................................... 3

3.1 Chilled Water Plant Design information ................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Air-Side Design Information .......................................................................................................................... 6

3.3 Chilled Water Plant Normal Operating Hours ........................................................................................ 6

3.4 Description of Plant Control Strategy ........................................................................................................ 6

4.0 Instrumentations ........................................................................................................................................................... 9

5.0 Chiller Plant Performance Analysis (1 week data) ..........................................................................................10

5.1 Summary of Chilled Water Plant Operating Performance ................................................................10

5.2 Summary of Air-Side System Operating Performance .......................................................................10

5.3 Summary of Building Cooling System Operating Performance.......................................................10

6.0 Summary of Heat Balance .......................................................................................................................................19

7.0 Schedule of Space Operating Conditions .........................................................................................................22

8.0 Schedule of AHU Operating Conditions ............................................................................................................22

APPENDIX A: Checklist of Plant Operating Condition (for best practices) ..........................................................24

APPENDIX B: Temperature Sensor Verification Plot (worked example) ...............................................................25

APPENDIX C: Total Cooling System Efficiency (worked example) ..........................................................................27

Mar 2023
Contents -Tables
Table 1: Chiller Information (Example)…………………………………………………………………………………………………….5

Table 2: Ancillary Water-Side Equipment Information (Example) ............................................................................. 5

Table 3: Ancillary Air-Side Equipment Information (Example) ................................................................................... 6

Table 4: Instrumentation Table (Example) .......................................................................................................................... 9

Table 5: Chilled Water Plant Performance Summary ...................................................................................................19

Table 6: Air-Side System Performance Summary ..........................................................................................................21

Table 7: Summary of Building Cooling System Operating Performance (including Air-Side) ................ 21

Table 8: Heat Balance Summary ...........................................................................................................................................21

Table 9: Space Condition Schedule (Example) ................................................................................................................22

Table 10: Schedule of AHU Operating Conditions (5 Typical Units) ......................................................................23

Table 11: Checklist of Plant Operating Condition (for best practices) ..................................................................24

Table 12: Verification of Temperature Sensors...............................................................................................................26

Table 13: Total Cooling System Efficiency (including air-side system) .................................................................27

Mar 2023
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Super-imposed plot of 24 hr Cooling Load Profile RT (Example) ........................................................10

Figure 2: Histogram of Cooling Load Occurrences (Example) ..................................................................................10

Figure 3: Super-imposed plot of daily chilled water supply/return temperature oC (Example) ..................11

Figure 4: Super-imposed plot of daily chilled water temperature difference oC (Example) ..... 11

Figure 5: Super-imposed plot of daily condenser water supply/return temperature oC ......... 12

Figure 6: Super-imposed plot of daily condenser water temperature difference oC ................ 12

Figure 7: Super-imposed plot of daily chilled water GPM/RT (Example) .................................... 13

Figure 8: Super-imposed plot of daily condenser water GPM/RT (Example) ............................. 13

Figure 9: Cooling Tower Approach Temperature (Example) ......................................................... 14

Figure 10: Super-imposed plot of daily chiller efficiency kW/RT (Example) ............................... 14

Figure 11: Super-imposed plot of daily chilled water pump efficiency kW/RT (Example) ........ 15

Figure 12: Super-imposed plot of daily condenser water pump efficiency kW/RT (Example) . 15

Figure 13: Super-imposed plot of daily cooling tower efficiency kW/RT (Example) ................. 16

Figure 14:Super-imposed plot of daily chiller plant system efficiency kW/RT (Example) ......... 16

Figure 15: Scatter plot of chiller plant efficiency over cooling load (Example) .......................... 17

Figure 16: Scatter plot of chilled water pump efficiency over cooling load (Example) ............. 17

Figure 17: Scatter plot of condenser water pump efficiency over cooling load (Example) ...... 18

Figure 18: Scatter plot of cooling tower efficiency over cooling load (Example) ...................... 18

Figure 19: System Level Heat Balance Plot (Example) ............................................................................. 21

Figure 20: Temperature Sensor Verification Plots (Example) ............................................................... 21

Figure 21: Superimposed plot of daily total cooling system efficiency (Example) ....................... 21

Mar 2023
1.0 Executive Summary & Recommendation

(Example)

This report highlights the findings and recommendations obtained from the energy
audit performed at Enter Building Name from [Enter Period of Audit] DD/MM/YYYY to
DD/MM/YYYY for 24 hrs.

Corrective measures taken by PE (Mech)/ Energy Auditor to comply with PEA

Notice.

1) <Description of findings/ measures>

2) <Description of findings/ measures>

3) <Description of findings/ measures>

Recommended energy improvement measures for Building Owners :

1) <Description of recommendations>

2) <Description of recommendations>

3) <Description of recommendations>

Mar 2023 Page 1

2.0 Building Information
Enter a brief description of the building here.

Project Reference Number : Enter project reference indicated in CORENET

submission

Building Name :

Building Address :

Postal Code :

Building Type :

Building Age :

Date of last Energy Audit Submission :

Gross floor area (GFA), m2 :

Air conditioned area, m2 :

Number of guest rooms :

(for hotels/service apartments)

Mar 2023 Page 2

3.0 Energy Audit Information For Building Cooling System
Enter PE(Mechanical) / Energy Auditor Name was appointed by Enter Owner
Name/ MCST, owner of Enter Building Name to be the Energy Auditor for the
submission of the operating system efficiency (OSE) of the building cooling system.
The report will present the OSE of the building cooling system based on the
measurements from the permanent instrumentations installed on site.

Location : Enter location of Chilled Water Plant

Energy Audit Period : Enter Energy Audit period *Note: Min 1 week

Date of notice served : Enter date of notice served by BCA

Date of submission in notice : Enter submission deadline stipulated in BCA notice

OSE standard to comply (kW/RT) : Enter Min OSE standard for Chilled Water Plant

OSE standard to comply (kW/RT) : Enter Min OSE standard for Total System Efficiency

Data Logging Interval : 1 minute sampling

Trend Logged Parameters* : Chilled Water Supply main header temperature

Chilled Water Return main header temperature

Chilled Water flow rate at chilled water return main

header

Condenser Water Supply main header temperature

Condenser Water Return main header temperature

Condenser water flow rate at condenser water return

main header

Power input to Chiller(s)

Power input to Chilled water pump(s)

Power input to Condenser water pump(s)

Power input to Cooling tower(s)

Power input to Pre-AHU(s)/AHU(s)/FCU(s)

* Trend logged parameters are not limited to the above and may vary depending on the piping
and electrical circuit design.

Mar 2023 Page 3

I hereby confirm the following check have been carried and verified by me as part of the energy audit
process.
BMS Check

1. Temperature sensors’ ABC coefficient constants input as reflected in the calibration certs □
Power Meter (Consistency Check)

2. Check power meter reading and BMS reading are same □

3. Check power meter reading and chiller panel or pump VSD display reading is ≤ 3% □
4. Check the Current Transformer ratio tallies with power meter setting □
Flow Meter

5. Check sum of flow meter branches tallies with flow meter header reading (if there are □
flowmeters at header and individual chillers)

6. Check flowmeter reading and BMS reading are same □

7. Check flowmeter do not have any correction factor or off-set factor input □
Verified Temperature Sensor Accuracy

8. Use calibrated reference temperature sensor with end-to-end uncertainty of ≤0.05 oC □

9. Synchronise the reference temperature sensor device timing with BMS □
10. Collect at least 20 sets of reading from reference temperature sensor device (after insertion □
into spare test plug) and BMS

11. Compare the difference between both set of readings, with average of absolute difference □
to be ≤ 0.07 oC

Mar 2023 Page 4

3.1 Chilled Water Plant Design Information*

ID Description Brand Type Name Total Chilled Rated Year

plate Cooling water Efficiency Installed
motor Capacity LWT/EWT kW/RT
(kW) (RT)
Centrifugal, 162.8 300 7.5 °C 0.543 2017
CH01 Chiller 1 Brand water-
X cooled
Centrifugal, 162.8 300 7.5 °C 0.543 2017
Brand water-
CH02 Chiller 2
X cooled

Centrifugal, 162.8 300 7.5 °C 0.543 2017

Brand water-
CH02 Chiller3
X cooled

Table 1: Chiller Information (Example)

ID Brand Type Name Pump Flow rate Rated Rated Motor

plate Head (L/S) Pump/ Efficiency
motor (m) Fan
(kW) efficiency
Brand X end suction
CHWP 1 11 23 33.65 80.0% 92.4%

Brand X end suction

CHWP 2 11 23 33.65 80.0% 92.4%

Brand X end suction

CHWP 3 11 23 33.65 80.0% 92.4%
Brand Y end suction
CWP 1 15.0 16.0 56.82 79.0% 92.4%
Brand Y end suction
CWP 2 15.0 16.0 56.82 79.0% 92.4%
Brand Y end suction
CWP 3 15.0 16.0 56.82 79.0% 92.4%

CT 1 Brand Z cross flow 5.5 x 1 Cell - 66.2 75% 86%

Brand Z cross flow 5.5 x 1 Cell
CT 2 - 66.2 75% 86%
Brand Z cross flow 5.5 x 1 Cell
CT 3 - 66.2 75% 86%

Table 2: Ancillary water-side equipment Information (Example)

*
Based on equipment design specifications and name plate ratings

Mar 2023 Page 5

3.2 Air-Side Design information*

Table 3: Ancillary air-side equipment Information (Example)

*
Based on equipment design specifications and name plate ratings

3.3 Chilled Water Plant Normal Operating Hours

Monday to Friday : 1000 – 2100 Hrs

Saturday / Sunday : No operations

Note: The audit period shall be based on the operating hours defined in the
subsection 4.1.1 of the Energy Audit Code.

3.4 Description of Plant Control Strategy

Summary of the present plant control strategy adopted for the applicant’s building
chiller plant systems’ operation. You may include but not limited to the following:

Mar 2023 Page 6

 1) Chiller sequencing

Describe how the chiller(s) operate to handle the varying building cooling load
e.g. chiller cut-in/out sequence varying with building load and addressing peak
and off peak load based on (supply water temperature, and/or building load,
and/or compressor current running load amps) and time delay.

2) Chilled water pump (if applicable)

Describe the parameters used to control chilled water pumps

e.g. pump speed modulate based on ((differential) pressure sensor located at
chiller header, or remote AHU cooling coil, or several zones of AHU cooling coil,
or optimising pump pressure by critical valve control), set-point(s) and bypass
valve controls to ensure chillers operate at minimum flow rate

3) Condenser water pump (if applicable)

Describe the parameters used to control condenser water pumps

e.g. modulate to maintain condenser water differential temperature set point or
gpm/ton and the set-point(s).

4) Cooling tower (if applicable)

Describe the parameters used to control cooling towers

e.g. Modulate base on cooling tower approach temperature (difference between
CT leaving water temperature and ambient wet-bulb temperature) set point
(adjustable), or scheduled cooling tower leaving temperature set point, or
dynamic optimized cooling tower leaving water temperature set point and the
set-point(s)

5) Other optimisation (if applicable)

Describe any other optimisation used

e.g. Chilled water supply temperature reset. At off-peak period, reset based on
outdoor air temperature/humidity, or VPF bypass control, or predefined
schedule.
(Note: Resetting CHW temperature may incur higher pump power and may
compromise on space temperature and relative humidity)

Mar 2023 Page 7

 Example of the information to be provided on the control strategy adopted is as
illustrated below :

System adopted : Variable Primary Chilled Water System

Chiller Configuration:<x> unit(s) of <x> RT chiller & <x> unit(s) of <x> RT chiller

Variable Condenser Pump

1) Chiller sequencing

Scenario for Cut-in: Chilled water supply header temperature is above set point of
<x> °C + <deadband> OR total system tonnage is above <x> RT for a period of
<x> minutes.

Scenario for Cut-out: Chilled water supply header temperature is below set point
of <x> °C + <deadband> AND total system tonnage is below <x> RT for a period
of <x> minutes.

Time delay: Whenever any chiller cuts-in/out, there is <x> minutes delay to allow
system to stabilize.

2) Chilled water pump (CHWP)

Primary CHWP speed is modulated to maintain a differential pressure set point of
<x> psi + <deadband>. Differential pressure sensors are installed at chilled water
pipe headers. CHWP speed is limited to <x> Hz to ensure chillers running at
minimum flow. When CHWP speed ramps down to minimum and differential
pressure rises above set point, the bypass valve will open to maintain DP set point
and minimum flow rate.

3) Condenser water pump (CWP) <fixed/variable>

Minimum running speed of CWP is <x> Hz. When condenser flow rate is reduced to
set point of <x> l/s or <x> gpm/ton, CWP speed would be increased and vice versa.

4) Cooling Tower (CT)

CT fan speed is modulated to maintain leaving condenser water temperature set

point of <x> °C which is equal to outdoor air wet-bulb temp plus <x> °C. When
chiller(s) is in operation, all CTs would be turn on. When CT leaving water
temperature falls below the set point, CT fan speed would be decreased until
minimum speed of <x> Hz.

5) Other Optimisation

Chilled water temperature set point is reset to <x> °C during off-peak period from
2000hrs to 0800hrs.

Mar 2023 Page 8

4.0 Instrumentations
Accurate measuring instruments complying with the Code on Environmental
Sustainability Measures for Existing Buildings or the Code for Environmental
Sustainability of Buildings (2nd edition and onwards) that is prevailing at the time of
installation were used during the audit to gather information on the power
consumption, temperatures and flow rate.

The points of measurements are listed in the following table:

ID / Serial Brand Sensor Type Installation Measurement Last Calibration

No. Location Uncertainty Calibration Laboratory
(%) Date
CHWS
EP80367 Brand X 10K Ω Thermistor ±0.03 °C 09/05/2014 XX laboratory
Header
CHWR
EP80364 Brand X 10K Ω Thermistor ±0.03 °C 09/05/2014 XX laboratory
Header
CWS
EP80361 Brand X 10K Ω Thermistor ±0.03 °C 09/05/2014 XX laboratory
Header
CWR
EP80363 Brand X 10K Ω Thermistor ±0.03 °C 09/05/2014 XX laboratory
Header
3k67201343 CHWR factory
Brand X Magnetic Full Bore 0.5% 29/10/2013
004 Header calibration
3k67201418 CWR factory
Brand X Magnetic Full Bore 0.5% 09/05/2014
063 Header calibration
MSB factory
38498 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase 0.5% 08/07/2014
Incoming 1 calibration
MSB factory
1402404 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase 0.5% 08/07/2014
Incoming 2 calibration
factory
38491 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CH/6-1 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
factory
38487 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CHP/6-1 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
factory
38490 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CWP/6-1 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
factory
38499 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CT/6-1 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
factory
38497 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CH/6-2 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
factory
38483 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CHP/6-2 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
factory
1402325 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CWP/6-2 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
factory
38572 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CT/6-2 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
factory
1402399 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CH/6-3 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
factory
38574 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CHP/6-3 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
factory
38485 Brand X True RMS, 3 phase CWP/6-3 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
Brand X factory
38486 True RMS, 3 phase CT/6-3 0.5% 08/07/2014
calibration
Table 4: Instrumentation Table (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 9

5.0 Chiller Plant Performance Analysis (1 week data)

Ave (10am-9pm)
= 799RT

Figure 1: Super-imposed plot of 24 hr Cooling Load Profile RT (Example)

Figure 2: Histogram of Cooling Load Occurrences (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 10

 Ave (10am-9pm)
= 12.9 oC

Ave (10am-9pm)
= 7.5 oC

Figure 3: Super-imposed plot of daily chilled water supply/return temperature oC (Example)

Ave (10am-9pm)
= 5.4 oC

Figure 4: Super-imposed plot of daily chilled water temperature difference oC (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 11

 Ave (10am-9pm)
= 35.6 oC

Ave (10am-9pm)
= 29.6 oC

Figure 5: Super-imposed plot of daily condenser water supply/return temperature oC (Example)

Ave (10am-9pm)
= 6.05 oC

Figure 6: Super-imposed plot of daily condenser water temperature difference oC (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 12

 Ave (10am-9pm)
= 2.59

Figure 7: Super-imposed plot of daily chilled water GPM/RT (Example)

Ave (10am-9pm)
= 2.9

Figure 8: Super-imposed plot of daily condenser water GPM/RT (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 13

 *Figure 9: Cooling Tower Approach Temperature (Example)

*required if using wet bulb temperature as set point

+
Weighted Ave
(10am-9pm) =
0.520

Figure 10: Super-imposed plot of daily chiller efficiency kW/RT (Example)

+
Weighted average: ∑ kW-hr / ∑ RT-hr

Mar 2023 Page 14

 +
Weighted Ave
(10am-9pm) =
0.037

Figure 11: Super-imposed plot of daily chilled water pump efficiency kW/RT (Example)

+
Weighted Ave
(10am-9pm) =
0.031

Figure 12: Super-imposed plot of daily condenser water pump efficiency kW/RT (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 15

 +
Weighted Ave
(10am-9pm) =
0.038

Figure 13: Super-imposed plot of daily cooling tower efficiency kW/RT (Example)

+
Weighted Ave
(10am-9pm) =
0.626

Figure 14:Super-imposed plot of daily chiller plant system efficiency kW/RT (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 16

 Figure 15: Scatter plot of chiller plant efficiency over cooling load (Example)

Figure 16: Scatter plot of chilled water pump efficiency over cooling load (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 17

 Figure 17: Scatter plot of condenser water pump efficiency over cooling load (Example)

Figure 18: Scatter plot of cooling tower efficiency over cooling load (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 18

5.1 Summary of Chilled-Water Plant Operating Performance

Period

Daily Average Reading Night- Unit

Daytime^
time~
Cooling Load RTh
Cooling Load Density (Air-con area) m2/RT
Power Consumption kWh
o
Chilled water supply temperature C
o
Chilled water return temperature C
o
Chilled water delta T C
Chilled water flow rate l/s
Chilled water flow rate vs cooling load USgpm/RT
*Condenser heat rejection HRT
o
*Condenser water supply temperature C
o
*Condenser water return temperature C
o
*Condenser water delta T C
*Condenser water flow rate l/s
*Condenser water flow rate vs cooling load USgpm/RT
Chiller(s) efficiency kW/RT
Chilled water pump(s) efficiency kW/RT
*Condenser water pump(s) efficiency kW/RT
*Cooling tower(s) efficiency kW/RT
Overall chiller plant efficiency kW/RT

Table 5: Chilled Water Plant Performance Summary

*Not applicable to air-cooled Chilled Water Plant

~For hotels and other developments with 24-hour operations only; Night-time shall refer to the
period from 11pm – 7am;

^ For hotels and other developments with 24-hour operations, day-time shall refer to the period from
7am – 11pm; for all other developments, daytime shall refer to the normal operating hours stipulated
in subsection 4.1.1 of the Energy Audit Code.

Mar 2023 Page 19

5.2 Summary of Air-Side System Operating Performance
Period

Daily Average Reading Night- Unit

Daytime^
time~
Air-side power consumption (a) kWh
- Pre-AHU (measured) kWh
- AHU (measured) kWh
- FCU (nameplate or input power x op kWh
Chiller
hrs)
plant cooling load (b) RTh
Overall air-side efficiency (a / b) kW/RT

Table 6: Air-Side System Performance Summary

5.3 Summary of Building Cooling System Operating Performance

Daily Average reading Period Unit

Daytime^ Night-time~

Overall air-side efficiency (where applicable) kW/RT

Overall water-side efficiency kW/RT

Total cooling system efficiency (TSE) kW/RT

Table 7: Summary of Building Cooling System Operating Performance (including airside)

Mar 2023 Page 20

6.0 Summary of System Heat Balance (Chilled Water Plant)

± 5%

Figure 19: System Level Heat Balance Plot (Example)

Quantity Unit Formula

Sum of total electrical energy used kWh (A)

Sum of total cooling produced RTh (B)

Sum of total heat rejected RTh (C)

Chiller Plant Efficiency kW/RT (A) / (B)

Total Heat Balance Data Count - (D)

Data Count > + 5% error - (E)

Data Count < - 5% error - (F)

Data Count within ±5% error - (G) = (D) – (E) – (F)

% Heat Balance within ±5% error % 100 x (G) / (D)

Table 8: Heat Balance Summary

Mar 2023 Page 21

7.0 Schedule of Space Operating Conditions

(10 points Spot measurements)

Normal operating room
Measured
conditions
Room name *CO2
Dry Bulb Relative *Dry Bulb *Relative
(i.e. Air conditioned Concentration
Temperature Humidity Temperature Humidity
occupied/ common (ppm)
(oC) (%) (oC) (%)
Spaces)
1 i.e. Office 1

2 i.e. Office 2

3 i.e. Meeting Room 1

4 i.e. Meeting Room 2

10

Table 9: Space Condition Schedule (Example)

* Any observation on over-cooling/ under-cooling and ventilating of space conditions should first be
investigated and corrected before the energy audit is carry out. Refer to recommended limits of SS553
and SS 554.

Mar 2023 Page 22

8.0 Schedule of AHU Operating Conditions (5 typical units)

(Spot Measurements)

AHU Pre-
Parameters Pre-Cooled
no. Cooled AHU #1 AHU #2 AHU #3
AHU #1
AHU #2

1 Return Air Temp Setpoint(oC)

- -

2 Return Air Temp (oC)

- -

3 Supply Air Temp Setpoint( oC)

- -
4 Supply Air Temp (oC)

5 Fan Speed Setpoint (Hz/%)

6 Fan Speed (Hz /%)

7 Rated (kW)

8 Running (kW)

9 Nameplate Airflow (CMH)

- -

10 Nameplate W/CMH
- -

11 CO2 Setpoint (ppm)

- -
12 CO2 (ppm)

Outdoor Air Damper Opening

13
(%)
Outdoor Air Provision (Direct
14 opening to external/ via
PAHU or FAF)

15 Filter Type/ Rating (Bag/ F7)

Table 10: Schedule of AHU Operating Condition (5 Typical Units)

Mar 2023 Page 23

APPENDIX A

Checklist of Plant Operating Condition (for best practices)

Yes No Actual value

Is the airside efficiency ≤ 0.2 kW/RT?

Is Chilled water delta T >5.5 oC?

Is the cooling tower approach temperature ≤ 2.0 oC as

compared with outdoor wet bulb temperature?

Is the Chilled water pump efficiency ≤ 0.03 kW/RT?

Is the Condenser water pump efficiency ≤ 0.035 kW/RT?

Is the Cooling Tower efficiency ≤ 0.03 kW/RT?

Does Refrigerant Condenser approach within the range of

0.5 oC to 1.5 oC?

Does Refrigerant Evaporator approach within the range of

0.5 oC to 1.5 oC?

Table 11: Checklist of Plant Operating Condition (for best practices)

Mar 2023 Page 24

APPENDIX B

Temperature Sensor Verification Plots (Example)

Figure 20: Temperature Verification Plots for Water-Cooled Chiller Plant System (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 25

 Table 12: Verification of temperature sensors

Mar 2023 Page 26

APPENDIX C

Total Cooling System Efficiency (Example)

Average reading Period Unit

DaytimeSee Note 2 Night-timeSee Note 3

Overall air-side efficiency See note 1 kW/RT

Overall water-side efficiency kW/RT

Total cooling system efficiency kW/RT

Table 13: Total Cooling System Efficiency (including airside system)

Figure 21: Super-imposed plot of daily total cooling system efficiency kW/RT (Example)

Mar 2023 Page 27

Note (1)The computation of the air-side efficiency is applicable to :

(a) buildings for which the design score submission under the ESM Regulations 2013 were made
on or after 1 June 2022;

(b) buildings where the applications for planning permission were submitted to the competent
authority under the Planning Act 1998 on or after 1 December 2021 under ES Regulations
2008; and

(c) buildings wholly or partly on land sold on or after 30 June 2022 under the GLS Programme
and subject to the ES Regulations 2008.

Note (2) - For hotels and other developments with 24-hour operations, day-time shall refer to the
period from 7am – 11pm; for all other developments, daytime shall refer to the normal operating
hours stipulated in subsection 4.1.1 of the Energy Audit Code.

Note (3) - For hotels and other developments with 24-hour operations only; Night-time shall refer to
the period from 11pm – 7am.

Mar 2023 Page 28