EE 3044D

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR

BUILDINGS
Course Outcomes

• CO1: Acquire knowledge of fundamentals of Electrical Installations like general

requirements, design considerations, testing, estimating and costing.
• CO2: Design of electrical installations Acquire knowledge of fundamentals of
National Electrical Code
• CO3: Acquire knowledge of fundamentals of various schemes of illumination,
energy conversion methods used in it and design of lighting for various purposes
• CO4: Design, estimation and costing of electrical installation in a commercial
building, hospitals, cinema theatres, small industries, high rise building, etc
• CO5: Design, estimation and costing of outdoor and indoor substations
• CO6: Design earthling systems and lightning protection schemes
Module 1
Indian Electricity Act 2003

• It is an act by the parliament to consolidate the laws relating to generation,

transmission, distribution and use of electricity.
• It is a replacement of Indian Electricity Act of 1910, Electricity (Supply) Act 1948,
and Electricity Regulatory Commission Act 1998.
• Consists of 18 parts, 185 sections and one schedule
• It extends to the whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir.
Indian Electricity Act 2003

Purpose of the Act:

• To consolidate the laws relating to generation, transmission, distribution, trading,
and use of electricity.
• To take measures conducive for development of electricity sector
• To promote competition in the sector
• To protect interest of consumers
• To ensure supply of electricity to all areas
• To rationalize the electricity tariffs
• To establish regulatory commissions
National Electrical Code

• This code was first formulated in the year 1985 and was subsequently revised in
2011.
• Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has recently revised the National Electrical
Code of India, which was released on January 6, 2023.
• National Electrical Code of India (NEC) - provides guidelines for regulating
electrical installation practices across the country.
National Electrical Code

• The code contains:

• Good practices for the selection of electrical equipment forming part of an
electrical installation
• Recommendations concerning safety in the wiring of electrical installations
• General safety procedures and practices in electrical work
• Additional precautions to be taken when using electrical equipment in hazardous
environments such as an explosive or active atmosphere.

It establishes the basics of electrical safety

National Electrical Code

• The code contains 8 Parts and 49 sections.

• Part 1: General and Common Aspects
• Part 2: Electrical installations in stand by generating stations and substations
• Part 3: Requirements for special installations or locations or non-industrial buildings
• Part 4: Electrical installations in industrial buildings
• Part 5: Outdoor installations
• Part 6: Electrical installations in agricultural premises
• Part 7: Electrical installations in Hazardous area
• Part 8: Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power supply systems
Electrical Installations General Requirements and
Design Considerations
1. Assessment of the general characteristics of the occupancy from the point of view
of electrical installation
2. Heavy current installation in the occupancy
• Power supply and distribution system
• Cables and accessories for power distribution
• Protective equipment
• Metering of energy consumption
• Emergency supply requirements
• Reactive power compensation
• Guidance on electrical aspects of building services like lighting, air conditioning, lifts
etc
Electrical Installations General Requirements and
Design Considerations
3. Light current installations in the occupancy
• Electric bells and clock systems
• Electrical audio system
• Fire protection signalling
• Cable TV, Networking etc
4. Specific requirements for protection and safety
Estimating and Costing
• Estimating is an art by which we can get an approximation of the material,
investment involved and the time to be taken for the completion of electrical
project.
Purpose of Estimating & Costing:
• It is necessary to know the necessary material and the cost to be incurred before
starting the project
• To ensure all the materials required are available for the execution of the project
• To avoid the misuse of money
• To save time required for completion of the project
• To complete the project uninterruptedly
Estimating and Costing
• Making material estimate
• Market survey
• Price list
• Net price list
• Net price of an item is that price in which all the imposed taxes such as sale tax, central sales
tax, excise duty and other local taxes are included.
• Normally above mentioned taxes are not included in the price list
• Labour charges
• Overhead charges
• Contingencies
Estimating and Costing

Material Schedule Costing Net Price List

Market survey

• Market survey is an investigation into the state of the market for a particular product
or service, including an analysis of consumer’s needs and preferences.
• Materials required for the completion of project is purchased after preparing estimate.
• Before preparing the material, market survey is conducted to ensure that the material
is purchased at a lower price.
• A market survey gathers information about the price of various products from
different firms.
• The purpose of a market survey is to provide the price variation of different firms and
also the quality offered by the different firms.
Labour Charges
• There are following two methods for the determination of labour charges:
(a) Electrical point method (b) Fixed percentage method
Electrical point method:
• This very simple method for the determination of labour charges for a project.
• In this system, the total number of points in the building are counted including
installation of main board and switch boards.
Fixed percentage method:
• In this system a fixed percentage of the total material cost is counted towards
labour payment.
• This percentage may be 15%, 20% or 25% depending upon type of wiring.
 Labour Charges

Electrical point method Fixed percentage method

Contingencies

• During completion of the project, there can be certain emergency expenses which
can not be calculating while calculating the material cost and labour expenses for the
project.
• These additional emergency expenses may be due to any reason such as increase in
cost of material or labour rates etc. Such additional expenses are called contingencies.
• For this, 3-5% of the material cost and labour cost is estimated to be on
contingencies.
Standard Values of Voltage
• Distribution voltage for DC system is Voltage limits for alternating current
220/440 V systems
• 6% in case of low and medium voltage
lines.
• 6% on the higher side or 9% on the
lower side in case of high voltage
systems.
• 12.5% in case of extra high voltage
systems.
Safety Aspects of Electrical System Design
• Every electrical installation exposes the end users to two major types of risks.
• One is the risk of an electric shock current and the other is the risk of very high
temperature due to sparking and likely to cause burns, fires and other injurious
effects.
• Therefore the system designers shall incorporate adequate protective measures in
the system to provide protection against the following:
Protection against Direct Contact
• The primary aim of this type of protection is to prevent persons and live stock
coming in direct contact with live parts of the installation.
• This can be achieved by preventing a current from passing through the body of
any person or live stock or by limiting the magnitude of the current which passes
through the body to a value lower than the perceptible shock current.
 Protection against Indirect Contact
• In this case the persons and live stock are protected against the possible dangers
from a contact with the exposed conductive parts of the electrical installation.
• Preventing the fault current from passing through the body of any person or
livestock
• Limiting the magnitude of the fault current which can pass through the body to a
value lower than the perceptible shock current
• By automatic disconnection of the supply on the occurrence of a fault likely to
cause a current to flow through a body in contact with exposed conductive parts
Protection against Thermal Effects
• The electrical installations shall be so designed that there is no risk of ignition of
flammable materials due to the high temperature of the conductive parts or
due to an electric arc.
• Also, the design shall guarantee that during normal operation, there shall be no risk
of persons suffering from burns due to thermal effects.
Protection against Over Current
• Overloading and thereby an over current cannot be eliminated from an electrical
system. However, persons and live stock shall be protected against injury and
property shall be protected against damage due to excessive temperature or
electromechanical stress caused by over current.
• Automatic disconnection of the supply in the event of an over current before it
reaches a dangerous value taking into account its duration
• By limiting the maximum value of the over current to a safe value and duration.
Protection against Over Voltage
• There are several instances when the system experiences an over voltage.
• Lightning, switching or faults between live part etc. can cause an over voltage
on the system.
• There shall be measure incorporated in the design to protect persons and live stocks
against the harmful effects of over voltages.
• IS 2309- Code of practice for Protection of buildings against lightning
MCB
Types of MCB

• Class B
• Class C
• Class D
IS Codes
• IS codes are intended for the standardization in the field of electrical power
generation, transmission, and distribution, selection of insulating materials,
winding wires, measuring and process control instruments.
• IS 732: Code of practice of wiring installation
• IS 2309: Code of practice for protection of building and allied structure against
lightning
• IS 2675: Enclosed distribution boards and cutouts for voltages not exceeding
1000 V AC and 1200 V DC.
• IS 3043: Code of practice for earthing
• IS 5612: Recommendations on safety procedures and practices in electric work
IS Codes

IS 732 IS 3043

IS 2309

IS 5216
IS 2675
IS Codes
IS 3043: Code of practice for earthing
• Includes comprehensive guidelines on choosing the proper size of the various
components of the earthing system, particularly earthing and protective
conductors as well as earth electrodes.
• Gives guidance on the methods of system earthing and equipment earthing.
• Applies only to land-based installations and it does not apply to ships, aircrafts or
offshore installations.
System Earthing
• In System earthing, the current carrying parts are directly connected to the
ground. The grounding provides the return path for the leakage current and hence
protects the power system equipment from damage.
• When a fault occurs in the equipment, the current in all three phases of the
equipment becomes unbalanced. The grounding discharges the fault current to the
ground and hence makes the system balance.
 IS 3043
Equipment Earthing
• The non-current carrying part of the equipment is connected to the earth.
• The earthing discharges the leakage current to the earth.
• The earthing decreases the high potential of electrical equipment which is caused
by a fault.
• Protects the personnel from electric shock and protects the equipment.

Equipment System
Earthing Earthing
IS 3043
• Divided into 11 sections:
1. General guidelines
2. Connection to earth
3. Earth fault protection on consumer premises
4. Power station, substation and overhead lines
5. Standby and other private generating plants
6. Industrial premises
7. Medical establishment
8. Static and lightning protection earthing
9. Miscellaneous installations and considerations
10. Measurements and calculations
11. Data processing installations
IS 732: Code of practice of wiring installation
• Covers the essential requirements and precautions regarding wiring
installations for ensuring satisfactory and reliable service and safety from all
possible hazards from the use of electricity.
• This code applies to the design, selection, erection, inspection and testing of wiring
installations whether permanent or temporary.
• It relates generally to all wiring installations in non-industrial and industrial
locations, whether the electric supply is derived from an external source or from a
private generating plant.
IS 732
• This code is not applicable to the following:
a. Systems for distribution of energy to the public, or to power generation
and transmission for such systems.
b. Wiring installations in special locations such as mines or other areas where
potentially explosive atmosphere exists.
c. Lightning conductors, telecommunications and alarm systems.
d. Traction installations, motor vehicles, installations on board ships, aircraft
or offshore installations.
IS 732
• Divided into 5 sections
1. Terminology
2. Assessment of general characteristics of installation
3. Requirements for protection for safety
4. Design of installations, selection and erection of equipment
5. Inspection and testing
IS 5216: Recommendations on safety procedures and
practices in electrical work
• This standard covers methods of dealing with electrical accidents and techniques
for saving the life of a person who is affected.
• The object of this standard is therefore to cover, the DO's and DON’TS
instructions to be adhered to in the case of an electrical accident and details of
the life saving techniques in the event of all accidents to persons, whether minor or
major.
• IS 5216 (Part I) - Guide for safety procedures in electrical work
• IS 5216 (Part II) - Life saving techniques
Graphic Symbols for Diagrams (NEC 2011)

Need of drawing:
• Drawing is the language of engineer

• For proper communication and exchange of information people must use the same
language

• Symbol must convey the same meaning to everyone who reads the drawing.

• BIS (Bureau of Indian of standards)

• IS 2032: GIVES LIST OF SYMBOLS

Graphic Symbols for Diagrams (NEC 2011)
Electrical Diagrams
• Types of diagrams :
(i) Wiring diagram
(ii) Schematic diagram

Wiring diagram:
• Shows the connections of an
installation or part of an installation
• How the connection are actually made
and also gives the layout of the wiring.
Electrical Diagrams
Circuit diagram (Schematic)
• Explanatory diagram
• Understanding the operation of the
electric circuit
• Every circuit is drawn in a straight line
in order that it may easily be followed
• Simple and clear as possible
Classification of Building Services
Major building services
• Lighting and ventilation
• Air-conditioning
• Lifts and escalators
Minor building services
• Electric audio system
• Electric call bell system
• Electric clock system
• Fire alarm system
• Cable TV network, Data networking intercom
Classification of Building Services
• Depends on the type and occupancy of the building
• Referred to as functional/ safety services
• Uses only very small quantity of electricity