Electronic Design Realization

User Centered Design

Prof. Kapila Jayasinghe
 Design Models
• We need a systematic approach
– The goal of a systematic approach is to identify
the most efficient means to generate consistent
optimum results.

• Two Approaches during Semester 5

– User Centered Design
– Design Driven Innovation
 User Centered Design
• Iterative design process
• Designers focus on the users and their needs
• Involve users throughout the design process
• Create highly usable and accessible products
for user
• Inclusive design tool kit of Cambridge – EDC
http://www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com/GS_ov
erview/overview.html
User Centered Design
 User Centered Design
• Four key items
– Explore
– Create
– Evaluate
– Manage
 Inclusive Design Tool Kit
• Clearer Needs give Better Solution with
Stronger Evidence
• Design Cycles
– Conceptual Design
– Preliminary Design
– Detailed Design
 Manage Activity
• Review progress and plan the next steps
• Refine the product goals
• Build a business case to demonstrate the
product’s potential for profitability
• Ensure that all project partners share a
common understanding
Manage Activity
 Explore Activity
• Create a stakeholder map of the people involved
with the product
• Observe users to uncover what they really want
and need
• Generate personas to summarize the key users
• Describe how the product would be used, using
user journeys
• Capture a list of all the needs that the design
solution should satisfy
Explore Activity
 Create Activity
• Stimulating a range of ideas
• Developing concepts by combining ideas together
into complete solutions that could satisfy the needs
• Draw Concept Sketches (free hand sketching) during
Conceptual Design Cycle
• Make Prototypes during Preliminary Design Cycle
(use CAD Tools)
• Draw Detailed Drawings during Detailed Design Cycle
• Make Pre Production Prototype during Detailed
Design Cycle
Create Activity
 Stimulate Ideas
• Set up a creative environment
• Break out of established ways of thinking
• Don’t get stuck in old ways of thinking
• Start by trying to get as many ideas as possible
• Encourage wacky ideas
 Develop Concepts & Make Prototypes
– Conceptual Design Cycle -
• Consider different Circuits
• Consider different Enclosures
• Consider different Functional Parts (if relevant)
• Combine different ideas to make a complete
solution
• Group the underlying ideas that are related
• Present concepts as free hand sketches
 Make Prototypes
-Preliminary Design Cycle-
• Producing virtual (initially) or physical
(subsequently) demonstrations of a concept
• Communicate the potential look and feel of
the product
• Demonstrate technical feasibility
• Prototypes can include CAD models, 3D
printed parts, Prototyped PCBs, etc.
 Make Prototypes
-Detailed Design Cycle-
• Develop Detailed Drawings
• Make a Pre Production Prototype having well-
defined
– performance
– Reliability
– specifications
 Evaluate Activity
• Review the criteria that will be used in the
evaluation
• Test with experts
• Test with users
• Estimate the number of people who will be
excluded from using the product
• Present the evidence from these evaluation
activities, to drive the objective choice of the lead
concept
Evaluate Activity
 Review Criteria
• Cover issues to do with People, Profit and Planet.
• People issues include
– User experience
– Total cost of
– Social impact
• Profit addresses
– Costs and revenues
– Technical risk and Business risk
• Planet covers
– Depletion of scarce resources
– Energy use
– Waste impacts.
 Test with Experts
• Range of relevant experts use their skill and
knowledge to systematically judge
• Multi-disciplinary team is needed in order to
make judgments' against all the different
criteria
• The comprehensive analysis and the insight
gained from expert appraisal should be used
to set the scope for subsequent evaluation
activites
 Test with Users
• Evaluates whether user can use product
concept/prototypes and how much they
like
• Identify sources of frustration and
difficulty
• Early user testing is vital because it is
hard for designers and experts to
correctly imagine the details of what
users will do.
 Estimate Exclusion
• Identify who would be excluded from using a
product or prototype on the basis of their
capabilities, such as:
– Vision &Hearing
– Reach & Dexterity
– Mobility
– Thinking
– Income
 Present Evidence
• Summarizes and communicates all of the
evidence that has been generated from the
evaluation activities.
• Document the evidence obtained in each of
the key areas:
– User experience
– Social impact
– Costs and revenues
• Carry out flowing design Cycles
– Conceptual Design (hand drawn sketches)
– Preliminary Design (CAD models, proof of concept
prototype)
– Detailed Design
(Detailed drawings,
Pre-production
prototype)