AGT 123 ND 1 SHEEP GOAT AND SWINE PRODUCTION

THEORETICAL ASPECT 0F AGT 123

HISTORY
Is the branch of agriculture concerned with animal that raised for meat, Fiber,
milk, or other products. It includes day care selective breeding, and the raising of livestock.
Husbandry has a long history, started with the noetic revolution when animal was first
domesticated, from around 13,000 BC Onwards, predating farming of the first crops. By the
time of early civilization such as ancient Egypt, cattle sheep, goats, and pigs were being
raised on farms.
Nigeria breeds of sheep:
1. Balami 2. Uda 3. Yankasa 4. West African Dwarf

Nigeria Goat Breeds Nigeria:

1. Sahelian 2. Red Sokoto or Maradi 3. West African Dwarf Goat

CROSS/EXOTIC bread of sheep and goat

Some exotic breeds have been imported and these together with their crosses with the
indigenous breeds are found in some govt institution in Nigeria. For instance, the livestock
improvement and Breeding Centers (LIBC) under the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry Resources, Kaduna State. The Goat Improvement Centers located at Dutsin-ma and
Rimi in katsina State are working toward upgrading out indigenous goats with those
imported from
Nigeria and Chad republics. The project could not attain the desired objective mainly
due to usual administrative bottle –nece of the government.
SHEEP BREEDS
1. BALAMI:- found through the eastern part of the country but more concentrated in Borno
State. It is I big predominantly white with convex face. The ear is large and dumpy. The
tail is thin and long. Horns are prominent in males (Rams) but absent in females (EWES).
Mature weight is 40-65 kg in males and 30-45kg in females. Balami is good potential as a
meet producers and it has ability to survive under and condition.
2. UDA:- this breed is found throughout the Sahel-Sudan, Mediterranean zone in Nigeria.
But it is more predominantly found in the north Western part of the country. The Uda is a
 large long-legged sheep has characteristics coat Odor pattern, the Anterio (fore) half is
black or lemon while the posterior (rear) half is White. The ear is long large and
pendulous. The rams carry which became larger. Wede and spiral as they mature live
weight are 30-60kg in males. It is adopted to extensive grazing and survive well outside
its ecological zone.
3. YANKASA: found throughout the area North of latitude 14oN. it is thus most widely
distributed and most numerous sheep breed in Nigeria. It is intermediate in size between
the southern breed in sheep and Uda. It has a typical white coat Color with dwarf patches
around the eyes, ears, muzzle, and sometimes feet.
4. West African Dwarf sheep: the breed the whole area south of latitude 14oN. within this
wide geographical zone are variation in type. It is small and short legged. The coat color
varied from all white, all black to brown to spotted black or brown on a white coat. Many
of them have wattle. Males have horn. Mature live weight is 15 to 25kg in ewes and 20-
30kg in rams.
GOAT BREED
1. Sahelian: found throughout the north Eastern part of the country. It is large in size with
long legs. Is usually white or white brown in color.
2. Red Sokoto or Maradi: is the most numerous (17.3million) and widely distributed breed
of goat in Nigeria.it is one of the few well-defined breeds of goat in and characterized by
its uniform dakret coat color, short and horizontal ears and horns in both brown and
Borno white are belief to be strain to rain Sokoto.
3. The west African Dwarf Goat: - it contains the humid forest belt of the south. It is hardly
and short leges the color varies from white to black background or white sport on a black
background. They are scavengers and Trypano tolerant.

THE ECONOMIC IMPORTANT OF SHEEP GOAT AND SHINE PRODUCTION

IN NIGERIA AGRICUTURE
ECONOMIC IMPORTANT OF SHEEP IN NIGERIA AGRICUTURE
In Nigeria’s, sheep and goat plays a significant Socioeconomic role in the life of
people: they are slaughters during economics and festivals. And serve as a source of ready cash
to small farmers. The skin of the red Sokoto goat is well known for its superior quality and the
height premium it commands in the world market.
 Distinguish between externa characteristic of sheep, pigs, and goat.
 Most goat have their coats that do not require shearing or combing. Most sheep grow
wooly coats need to be shared at last annually. Lamb tails are usually docked (shortened)
whereas goat tails are not. Sheep have an upper lip that is divided by a district Philtrum
(grove).

FACTORS INFLUENCING DISTRIBUTION OF SHEEP AND GOAT IN

NIGERIA
1. Food/Availability of good pasture
2. Climate. The long-term pattern of weather in a particular area
3. Pest and disease. Are insect affecting animals. E.g., mites, nematode, snail, I.e.,
invertebrates’ animals
4. Temperature. Is the measure of hotness and coldness express in terms of several scales
including Fahrenheit and Celcius

KNOW THE DISTRIBUTION AND ADAPTION OF SHEEP, GOAT AND PIG.

1. Distribution and adaptation of sheep in Nigeria: -

They are the most adaptable and geographically wide spread livestock species,
ranging from the high mountain of hypoxia to the extreme low land and thermal stressed
environment.
Sheep and goat adapt to extreme weather conditions. Via behavioral,
morphological, and largely genetic bases.
2. Distribution and adaptation of goat in Nigeria: -
West African Dwarf (WAD) goat in Nigeria is distributed and widely throughout the
Northern savannah and southern humid zone of the country.

Reason/Purpose of farm record maintenance

1. To manage the farm with profit.
2. To record the yield or crop
3. To record the cost of various operation
4. To record all data operation
 5. To record the information on how much labor is employed and they a distributed during
the season.

GESTATION PERIOD
Gestation is the period of development during the carrying of an embryo, and later fetus,
inside viviparous animals. It typical for mammals, but also occur for some non-mammals.
Gestation in sheep.
Gestation: average gestation length or length of pregnancy for sheep varies from 144 to
151 days about 147 days; individual pregnancy may ray from 138 to 159 days.
Gestation in Goat
Gestation; length in goat 145-155 days (average 150days) and can be affected by
breeds, litter weight, Environment, and purity. Generally, first – kidding does have one or two
kids, and in subsequent kidding triplets and quadruplets are not uncommon.
Gestation in pigs
Fetal development occurs between attachment of fertilized embryos the uterus to the days
right before parturition (birth). Generally, the length of time a show is pregnant, or gestation is
about is days, or 3 months, 3 week, and 3 days.
 Feeding Grazing System, I.E Zero Grazing, Rotational Grazing

FEEDING: Animal feed is food given to domestic animals, especially livestock, in the
course animal husbandry. There are two basic types: fodders and forage.
GRAZING SYSTEM:
A grazing system is a particular way of managing the interactions between plants, sols,
and grazing animals.
ZERO GRAZING
Feeding of animals with act grass brought to them instead of putting them out to
pasture.

ROTATIONAL GRAZING
Is a system where a large pasture is divided into smaller paddocks allowing livestock to
be moved from one paddock to the other easily.