A project report

on

“Smart Goggles For Visually Impaired”

A project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree
of B. Tech, in Electrical Engineering

Bachelor of Technology
In
Electrical Engineering Department

Submitted by

Himanshu Raj (20103141037)

Prince Raj (20103141036)
Ashish Ranjan (20103141009)

Under the Supervisor

Prof. Ravikant Shastri / Prof. Kanchan Bharti

Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering Department

Government Engineering College Nawada.

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE NAWADA

Bihar Engineering University Patna
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “SMART GOGGLES FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED

'' has been successfully completed. Himanshu Raj (20103141037), Prince Raj

(20103141036), Ashish Ranjan (20103141009) bonafide Students of Government

Engineering College Nawada in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering of the Bihar Engineering

University, Patna during the academic Session 2020-2024. It is certified that all the

corrections indicated for internal Assessment have been incorporated in the project

report. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirement in

respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.

Signature of the Supervisor Signature of the HOD

.…………………………….. ………………………..
Mr. Ravikant Shastri/Mrs. Kanchan Bharti Dr. Rajesh Baitha

Assistant professor Assistant Prof. & HOD

EE Department EE Department

GEC NAWADA GEC NAWADA

Signature of the Project Co-Ordinator Signature of the External

……………………………. ………………………………..

Mr. Ravikant Shastri

Assistant Professor (EE)

 DECLARATION

We Declare that -
a) The work contained in this project is original and has been done by me under the guidance of
my supervisor.

b) The work has not been submitted to any other Institute For any degree or diploma.

c) We have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the report.

d) We have confirmed the norms and guidelines given in the ethical code of Conduct of the
Institute.

e) Whenever we have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures, and text) from other
sources, we have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the report and given their
details in the references.

____________________ ____________________ ____________________

Signature of the Students Signature of the Students Signature of the Students
Himanshu Raj Prince Raj Ashish Ranjan
Reg. No- 20103141037 Reg. No- 20103141036 Reg. No- 20103141009
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, We are indebted to the GOD ALMIGHTY for giving us an opportunity to excel in our

efforts to complete this project on time. We are extremely grateful to Dr. Vinay Kumar

Chaudhary, Principal, Government Engineering College, Nawada and Dr. Rajesh Baitha, Head

of Department of Electrical Engineering, for providing all the required resources for the successful

completion of our project. Our heartfelt gratitude to our project supervisor Mr. Ravikant Shastri ,

Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, for his valuable suggestions and

guidance in the preparation of the project report. We express our thanks to all cultures Miss

Anchal Anand , Mrs. Priyanka Kumari ,Mr. Ravi Kumar Mr. Shashí Kumar, Mrs. Kanchan Bharti

, Mr. Nikhil Kumar and all staff members and friends for all the help and co ordination extended

in bringing out this project successfully in time. We will be failing in duty if we do not acknowledge

with gratitude thanks to the authors of the references and other literature referred to in this project.

Last but not the least; We are very much thankful to our parents who guided us in every step

which we took.

Thanking you
 INTRODUCTION

As in our day to day life we all can see that there is many circumstances
and problems fetched by the visually impaired and blind person. You can
observe that they are being dependent on other person or other materials
such as stick or something else. Basically you can see that they cannot
move freely here and there. So by combining some components such as a
(i) Normal Glass (ii) Ultrasonic sensor (iii) Arduino Nano (iv) Buzzer (v)
Charging Module and a (vi) Lithium Ion Battery with the help of wires you
all can see that by connecting it properly and the usage of different codes
you can see that it is very helpful to person in which the person is not so
much dependent on any other person . Basically the buzzer sounds when
the obstacle from the person is at certain distance with the help of codes
which are imbedded in the Arduino nano so that the visually impaired
persons are not so much dependent on other person.

Further you can see the details about the components used
in the Project (SMART GOGGLES FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED)
And the codes imbedded into it.
 HARDWARE & IT’S CONFIGURATION

Ultrasonic sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that
measures the distance of a target object by emitting
ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected
sound into an electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves
travel faster than the speed of audible sound (i.e. the
sound that humans can hear). Ultrasonic sensors
have two main components: the transmitter (which
emits the sound using piezoelectric crystals) and the
receiver (which encounters the sound after it has travelled to and from the target).

Arduino nano

The Arduino Nano is an open-source breadboard-friendly microcontroller board based

on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and
initially released in 2008. It offers the same connectivity and specs of the Arduino
Uno board in a smaller form factor.[1]

The Arduino Nano is equipped with 30 male I/O headers, in a DIP-30-like configuration,
which can be programmed using the Arduino Software integrated development
environment (IDE), which is common to all Arduino boards and running both online and
offline. The board can be powered through a type-B mini-USB cable or from a 9 V
battery

In 2008, the Arduino Nano was released.

In 2019, Arduino released the Arduino Nano Every, a pin-equivalent evolution of the Nano. It
features a ATmega4809 microcontroller (MCU) with three times the RAM.[

Technical specifications[edit]

• Microcontroller: Microchip ATmega328P[4]

• Operating voltage: 5 volts
• Input voltage: 5 to 20 volts
• Digital I/O pins: 14 (6 optional PWM outputs)
• Analog input pins: 8
• DC per I/O pin: 40 mA
 • DC for 3.3 V pin: 50 mA
• Flash memory: 32 KB, of which 2 KB is used by bootloader
• SRAM: 2 KB
• EEPROM: 1 KB
• Clock speed: 16 MHz
• Length: 45 mm
• Width: 18 mm
• Mass: 7 g
• USB: Mini-USB Type-B [5]
• ICSP Header: Yes
• DC Power Jack: No
•

Communication[edit]
• The Arduino Nano has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer,
another Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL
serial (5V) communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX).
• An FTDI FT232RL on the board channels this serial communication over USB and
the FTDI drivers (included with the Arduino firmware) provide a virtual com port to
software on the computer. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which
allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX
LEDs on the board flash when data is being transmitted via the FTDI chip and the
USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1).
A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Nano's digital
pins. The ATmega328 also supports I2C and SPI communication. The Arduino
software includes the Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus.

Automatic Software Reset

Rather than requiring a physical press of the reset button before an upload, the
Arduino Nano is designed in a way that allows it to be reset by software running on a
connected computer. One of the hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the FT232RL
is connected to the reset line of the ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor.
When this line is asserted (taken low), the reset line drops long enough to reset the
chip.
This setup has other implications. When the Nano is connected to a computer
running Mac OS X or Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from
software (via USB). For the following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on
the Nano. While it is programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an
upload of new code), it will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after
a connection is opened.
 BUZZER

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling

device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo
for short)

LITHUM-ION BATTERY

A LIB is an electrochemical device that

stores/delivers electrical energy through a reversible intercalation
reaction in which Li+ ions are shuttled between two dissimilar electrode
materials separated by the Li+ ion conducting electrolyte solution.
 CHARGING MODULE

A charger module is an essential component in electronic devices that require rechargeable

batteries. It serves the critical function of managing the charging process, ensuring the efficient
and safe replenishment of battery power.

CODES USED IN ARDUIONO NANO

1. // defines pins numbers
2. const int trigPin = 9;
3. const int echoPin = 10;
4. const int buzzer = 12;
5. const int ledPin = 13;
6.
7. // defines variables
8. long duration;
9. int distance;
10. int safetyDistance;
11.
12.
13. void setup() {
14. pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Sets the trigPin as an Output
15. pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Sets the echoPin as an Input
16. pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
17. pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
18. Serial.begin(9600); // Starts the serial communication }
19.
20.
21. void loop() {
22. // Clears the trigPin
 23. digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
24. delayMicroseconds(2);
25. // Sets the trigPin on HIGH state for 10 micro seconds
26. digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
27. delayMicroseconds(10);
28. digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
29.
30. // Reads the echoPin, returns the sound wave travel time in microseconds
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
31.
32. // Calculating the distance
33. distance= duration*0.034/2;
34.
35. safetyDistance = distance;
36. if (safetyDistance <= 60){
37. digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
38. digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
39. }
40. else{
41. digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
42. digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
43. }
44. // Prints the distance from on the serial monitor
45. Serial.print(“Distance: ”);
46. Serial.printIn(distance);
47. }

As we can compile these codes in the Arduino nano we can see that the
sensors can give the responses when it is not active. So that we can observe
that the buzzer is not beeping and the led is also not glowing.
By the help of compiling codes we can see that the ultrasonic
sensors is working and give the responses of the distances such
as 5 cm or 50 cm . After that according to codes and the maximum
distance limit is 80cm you can see that by detecting the object the
led is glowing and the buzzer is also beeping.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 Fig. 1

Fig. 2 Fig. 3

Fig. 4
You can see above that in the figure it consist of the different
components a charging module , a 2000mah Rechargeable battery
, a switch , a buzzer , a goggles , 2 ultrasonic sensor , a Arduino
nano microcontroller and connecting wires. By assembling all we
can posses the project .
 ABSTRACT

This project brings the convenience for visually impaired and blind person utilizing the
Arduino Nano . Imagine the person is walking here and there without anyone support
and feeling Independent anywhere in the world . That’s what this project delivers using
a user friendly interface . The problems accompanied with blind mobility is
enormous.
This project presents an electronic mobility aid .The system is made up of
network of ultrasonic sensors mounted on the goggles with battery , charging module
and different ultrasonic sensors .
The sensors detect obstacles within 60cm of the subject in
one directional side (front) and provides an alerting a message through the buzzer
beeping on the goggles itself . This system is made up of the Microchip ATmega328P
microcontroller and developed by aruino.cc based embedded system to process real
time data collected by the network of ultrasonic sensors .
It uses APR9600 flash memory to
store relevant prerecorded beep messages which is used to alert the subject based on
the unidirectional and distance of the obstacle found in the path of the ultrasonic
sensors .

REFERENCES

[1] E. K. ,. M. S. ,. K. G. ,. H. H. &. M. C. M. Michael Oppong Yeboah, "Design Of A Voice

Guided Ultrasonic Spectacle And Waistbelt with GPS," p. 7, 2018.
[2] J. M. &. M. M. Sripad S. Bhatlawande, "Ultrasonic Spectacles and Waist-Belt for visually
impaired and Blind Person," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics , p. 4, 2012.