Flat Panel Display:

The Flat-Panel display refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume, weight and power
requirement compare to CRT.

Example: Small T.V. monitor, calculator, pocket video games, laptop computers, an advertisement board in
elevator.

1. Emissive Display: The emissive displays are devices that convert electrical energy into light. Examples
are Plasma Panel, thin film electroluminescent display and LED (Light Emitting Diodes).

2. Non-Emissive Display: The Non-Emissive displays use optical effects to convert sunlight or light from
some other source into graphics patterns. Examples are LCD (Liquid Crystal Device). These refer to the class
of video devices that have resulted in the reduction of weight, size, and consumption of energy as compared
to the Cathode Ray Tube. They are mainly used in televisions, monitors and various other sources.

These are basically and broadly divided into two categories which are,

 Emissive Displays: These are devices that work based on the conversion of electrical energy into
light energy. Some of its applications include an electroluminescent display, Light Emitting Diode
(LED), panels made by plasma and many more. The image is directly produced on the screen.
 Non-emissive Displays: These type of devices use optical effects which converts sunlight or lights
from other sources into some graphical patterns that are displayed on the screen. These have
applications in LCD etc. Light is produced behind the screen and the image is formed by the filtration
of this light.

types of Flat Panel Display

There are various types of flat panel displays and options of those available. The major three types of flat
panel displays available which are included in the market also are,

1) LCD

Liquid Crystal Display. These displays have proved to be the most widely used type of display for long until
recent times. This is a method of lighting through the backside which uses a panel of CFL lamps that are
placed behind the two panels of glass which is filled with a liquid crystal matter, which gets opaque when an
electric current passes through it. This contrast produced between the opaque and the transparent areas
available forms of visible characters. These LCDs are less expensive, wider and weigh comparatively more
than the LED displays.

2) LED

Light Emitting Diode. The concept of LED is generally the same as CFL backlighting, the basic differences in
their performances are still significant. LEDs can be more quickly switched on and switched off than the CFL
displays, and they can offer a typical brighter screen. Their displays are sharper, clearer and produce
brighter colors and better than LCD. LEDs give a slimmer profile, with some basic commercial displays being
less than even a few millimeters in depth where LCDs are up to 5-inch display. Because of thee so many
advantages and also leads to the saving of energy, manufacturers have ultimately and gradually decided to
discontinue the CFL displays.
Advantages of Flat Panel Display

 Flat Panel Devices such as LCD produce high-quality digital images. The images produced with the
help of these devices is of great quality with high resolution.
 Flat Panel monitors are very stylish and they have a very space-saving design. The space consumed
by the other type of devices is comparatively more than these.
 Flat Panel Devices also consume comparatively less power and give out the maximum size of the
image takes in minimum space.
 Flat Panel Device uses its capability of full-color display.
 Full motion videos can also be viewed on Flat Panel Devices.

3. Liquid crystal display (LCD): The LCD depends upon the light modulating properties of liquid crystals.
 LCD is used in watches and portable computers. LCD requires an AC power supply instead of DC, so it is
difficult to use it in circuits.
 It generally works on flat panel display technology. LCD consumes less power than LED. The LCD screen
uses the liquid crystal to turn pixels on or off.
 Liquid Crystals are a mixture of solid and liquid. When the current flows inside it, its position changes into
the desired color.
 For Example: TFT (Thin Film Transistor
Advantages:

1. Produce a bright image

2. Energy efficient
3. Completely flat screen

Disadvantages:

1. Fixed aspect ratio & Resolution

2. Lower Contrast
3. More Expensive

4. Light Emitting Diode (LED): LED is a device which emits when current passes through it. It is a semiconductor
device.
The size of the LED is small, so we can easily make any display unit by arranging a large number of LEDs.
LED consumes more power compared to LCD. LED is used on TV, smartphones, motor vehicles, traffic light, etc.
LEDs are powerful in structure, so they are capable of withstanding mechanical pressure. LED also works at high
temperatures.
Advantages:

1. The Intensity of light can be controlled.

2. Low operational Voltage.
3. Capable of handling the high temperature.

Disadvantages:

1. More Power Consuming than LCD.

2. More Power Consuming than LCD.