Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune

End semester Examination, Spring 2022.

Course name: Statistical Mechanics I Course code: PH3234

Date: 17.05.2022 Duration: 2 hours
Instructor: Bijay Kumar Agarwalla Total marks: 35

• The question paper consists of 6 questions. Please verify that the question paper you have
received has all the questions in sequential order.

• Answer all questions.

1: Consider an extreme relativistic gas (classical) consisting of N monoatomic molecules (indistin-

guishable) with energy-momentum relation ✏ = |p|c with c being the velocity of light and confined
in a 3D box of volume V .

(a) Calculate the classical canonical partition function for the system. (3 Marks)

(b) Establish a relation involving the pressure P , Volume V and energy E. (3 Marks)

(a) 2- =
(4) where
-4 =
de fdp e-
Pcp
°='
NT •
pep
entire
_

" Sdp ap
=

← % ◦

pep
•

=
41¥ f. dp pv e.

e- Pep
•

=
4¥ ¥, f. ap

¥
=
" ""
¥ ,
=

%¥ ,

HE
=

Z=¥[&p"] Amy -
③ Maxis )

1
 a- =
÷: %÷É
In 2- = Nen @ or) -
3N In (Phe) -
INN !

É=-g1nz=3¥BT✓
P = -

(E) = + 1ST ¥ HZ ) / * ,
µ ,
, ,

LET ¥9T
't
P= 1ST .
=

pv=t Amy

3Ma⑤
2: Draw Fermi-Dirac distribution as a function of energy for T = 0 K and for some finite temperature
(say, T = 50 K). Label significant points along both axes. (2 Marks)

AID F- 0

② step function imp

{
•

① •
y axis
→ I
Fermi
M= EF
→
• ✗ axis energy ,

F Ek

t÷÷
Lnk?

i 1 TE 50K ① .
Poo denims of the distribution

I
•
at µ the valve is {
.

:# I
µ Eee

2
 3: Consider an ideal spin-less electron gas (Fermions) confined in a two-dimensional square box with
each side of length L and with energy-momentum relation ✏(k) = ~2m
2 k2
. You can assume periodic
boundary condition.

(a) Compute the density of states g(✏) as a function of energy ✏. (3 Marks)

(b) Consider T = 0 K situation and compute the Fermi energy ✏F in terms of the total number of
electrons N in the system. (Hint: Try to compute N ) (3 Marks)

(c) What is the average energy per particle at T = 0 K. Express you answer in terms of Fermi
energy. (2 Marks)

(d) Comment on with slight increase in temperature T how should the average energy and the
specific heat Cv scale with T (2 Marks)

box :
(a) particle in a 3D

E=k✗Hky~
Eee =
%¥ with

271¥ i many :o)

-1-4+-2 . .

'T
2M¥ Ky =

For periodic Ra , k✗= ,

density of states

www.E?,.: ;: kand.eae8CHdk-2lTKdK
The :

as ↳ =L > =L
=

- L
81k ) dk =

{÷ .
k.dk

£-1k dk

;;÷: ÷÷•=:¥
DE =

;
in

constant with events

density of state,
.

is

3
(b) Fermi energy
F-
e- (at -1=0 )

lets of electrons in the system N .

compute the no _

F-
f

§
DE
N 8cg .
f-(E)
function
=

↳ Fermi =L at F- °

upto EF .

E-
=

{ Mz¥→ de

N=
I¥→ EF

Ef=2mÉ -

(c) Avenge every Ep

E- =

! E feel DE

E- =
¥ EI .

avenge per particle win (a)

every

E- =
7¥→ .
FE.fr
=

m÷¥ .

EÉ .

2m¥É¥=
ᵗÉ=F
(d) stint inereae in temp
and ÉdT a ✗ T
?⃝
?⃝
4: Consider three identical particles which are spin 0 Bosons. The Boson have available to them 5
single-particle states, a , b , c , d and e with energies ✏a = 0, ✏b = ✏c = , and ✏d = ✏e = 3 /2
(See Figure 1). Assume that, there are no interactions between the particles. For simplicity, you can
consider the chemical potential µ = 0.

(a) Write down the terms in the partition function Z(T ) arising from the states corresponding to
the two lowest 3-particle energies. (2 Marks)

(b) Write down the terms in the partition function Z(T ) arising from the states corresponding to
the two highest 3-particle energies. (3 Marks)

(c) Repeat a) for the case when three identical particles are spin 1/2 Fermions. Take into account
spin variables when determining the number of states i.e., each state can be occupied at max
by one spin up and one spin down electron. (3 Marks)

(d) For the above Fermionic case, what is the entropy at T = 0K. Briefly explain your answer.
(No need to calculate explicitly) (2 Marks)

Figure 1:

⑨ lowest envoy : 3 particles in state a

Energy = 0

configuration =L

and 2
next i particle in state 8 or C
energy
:

stats =D
particles in a
entry
confirmation = 2

2M¥

4
(1) hishesfewrgi
in state d or
in state e.
3 particles
si stat e
◦r u
d and 2 pantile
2 u
n

ee ' ' d.
2
n e u
£ u

OT v u

energy = 3¥ ✗ 3 =
4-5 D

configuration =
4

Neitz

}
in d and 2 in b

"" ᵗ "" ° ° " " ^^ "

"
" ᵈ "

b einem
in e u 2 in
2

c ✗ 2
+ D
I "

2 in e "

= ADD
in I in b
2 in d and I e and

" " " and I in c

"
" " "

z=qe-&¥¥+4e_&¥÷ -

3m41

(c) C.spin in account )

Terming :

lowatewn : ↑

fit
rib
2in a ( ↑ and ↓ ) and 2

'ñ
£ ↓
" 2 configuration
%
"
"

2 in c 9
.
.
" " -

I lie

enng=D_
¥
"
and ai d 19 )
z ai a
( on and ) I

in d (d)
" .
- - - - 2

- -
- - -
2 in elm

2 in e4 )
-
-
- -

4 configurations

energy =
312

z=qéH↳e¥ᵈ# -

snag

microstates
(d) at c- =o ,
there are 4 possible
at the bottom of the previous
as mentioned

page .
i.e ,
,

}
rib
2in a (↑ and ↓ ) and 2
"
'ñ
£ ↓
" 2 configuration
%
"
"

2 In c 9
.
.
" " -

I lie

S=lGl -

2M
 5: Consider N spin-less non-interacting electrons (fermions) trapped in an one dimensional quantum
P p2i
harmonic oscillator potential. The total Hamiltonian for the system is H = N 1 2 2
i=1 2m + 2 m! xi with
! being the frequency of the oscillator. The energy eigenvalues for quantum harmonic oscillators are
given as En = (n + 12 )~!, n = 0, 1, 2, · · · with n (x) as the corresponding single particle states of the
oscillator.

(a) Compute the ground state energy of this system. (2 Marks)

(b) What is the corresponding N electron ground state wave function? Express your answer in
terms of the single particle eigenfunctions. (1 Mark)

(a)
GrY
:

gin at state "

every
I @ 1) Air
.

F- =
+
◦
can fill one electron .

A- 0

.CN it ] h-wz.hr
+

[
-

Air 1+2+3 -r - - .

= + v. Ñ +
E)
Eo=h¥N⑤
(b) N electron wave function is

"
10*1×2) &,(✗n)
01,1×1)

(1%1×1)
- - - - -

¥ $2M ) ' ' ' '

¢NH ) 1%1×2 ) .
. .
_
.
dwarf

state of harmonic oscillator .

Uhm
4nA ) = Single particle

5
 6: Consider an isolated system at constant volume having three energy states 0, ✏, 2✏. Now consider
two distinguishable particles A and B, make up this system with initial total energy 2✏.

(a) How many microstates are available and what is the total entropy ? (2 Marks)

(b) Now consider adding another distinguishable particle C. What could be the final system energy
such that the total entropy remains constant (volume is always kept constant)? Briefly explain
your answer. (2 Marks)

"

§
Total 2£
energy
=
(a) -
c-

,
③ possislecmfiq.rs#mirtats
A B

O 2 C-

ZE 0

C- C-

entropy S=lB' 2Ma⑨

•!?
"'

I'M B •
A
* configurations

}
_

← 3
◦ ◦

net
0 C- 0
envoy
0 C- 0
0 = C- .

5-

kstn3-hef.net/nsfemewryisC-#option2- A B C

5=19

}
M3
ZE C-
Zf

E ZE C- mtenxsy = If .

C- c- 2£
6
 ° °

opting. 2£
② 0 2£
5=161^3
foamy one option
2£
totem =

marks will se
awarded
◦ zero
.

Some important formulas:

• dE = T dS pdV + µdN

• Helmholtz Free energy F = E TS = kB T ln Z

• dF = pdV sdT + µdN

@
• Average energy hEi = @
ln Z
R1 n!
• 0 dx xn e ↵x = ↵(n+1)

⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤ ⇤⇤