EST SET A a.

Aliasing
9. Which one is an anti-causal system? b. Jitter
1. x(n) * h(n) = [2, 3.5, -7, -5.25, 4.5]; a. y(n) = 3x[n] + 2x[n+1] c. Pink noise
and x(n) = [-Given that: x(n) * h(n) = b. y(n) = 3x[n] – 2x[n-1] d. Transmit time noise
2, 3.5, -7, -5.25, 4.5]; and x(n) = [-2, c. y(n) = 3x[n+1] + 2x[n-1]
0.5, 3]. Determine: h(-n) d. y(n) = 3x[n+1]*2x[n+1] + x[n+2] 17. Calculate the overall noise figure
a. [-1, -2, -1.5] referred to the input for a mixer stage
b. [-1.5, -2, -1] 10. A(n) ___ signal is a composite that has a noise figure 15 dB, and
c. [-1, 2, -1.5] analog signal with an infinite this is preceded by an amplifier that
d. [1.5, 2, -1.5] bandwidth. has a noise figure of 9 dB and an
a. Digital available power gain of 20 dB.
2. Given discrete values: x(n) = [2, 0.5, b. Analog a. 9.2 dB hi
3, 1.5], h(n) = [-1, -2, 1.5]. Evaluate c. Either a or b b. 10.2 dB
the correlation of x(-n) and 2h(n). d. Neither a or b c. 11.2 dB
a. [-3, -12, -8.5, 3, -6.5, 6] d. 12.2 dB
b. [-3, -12, 8.5, 3, -6.5, 6] 11. What is meant by the term noise
c. [-4, 9, -2, -13.5, 3, 4.5] figure in a communications receiver? 18. A 3-stage amplifier system has
d. [-4, 9, -2, 13.5, 3, 4.5] a. The level of noise entering the stages with the following
receiver from the antenna specifications: First stage with power
3. Given the equation: x(n) = x(n + mM), b. The relative strength of a gain and noise ratio of 10 and 2
it is best described as: strength of a received signal 3 respectively, 25 and 4 for the second
a. Periodic analog signal kHz removed from the carrier stage, and 30 and 5 for the third
b. periodic analog system frequency stage. Find the overall noise
c. periodic discrete signal c. The level of noise generated in temperature in K.
d. periodic discrete system the front end and succeeding a. 238 K
stages of a receiver b. 283 K
4. A type of system where the output of d. The ability of a receiver to reject c. 328 K
the system is dependent of future unwanted signals at frequencies d. 382 K
values of input. close to the desired one
a. Causal 19. A diode noise generator is required
b. Non-causal 12. One of the following types of noise to produce 20 µV of noise in a
c. Dynamic becomes of grate importance at high receiver with an input impedance of
d. Static frequencies. It is the ___. 75 Ω, resistive, and a noise power
a. Shot noise bandwidth of 200 kHz. What must
5. Given the function: x(t) = te4tu(t). b. Agitation noise the current through the diode be?
Evaluate the Fourier transform X(Ω). c. Flicker noise a. 1.1 A
1
a. (𝑗𝛺+4)2 d. Transit-time noise b. 2.2 A
1 c. 3.3 A
b. 13. The power density of “flicker” noise d. 4.4 A
(𝑗𝛺−4)2
c.
−1 is?
(𝑗𝛺+4)2 a. The same at all frequencies 20. The resistor R1 and R2 are
−1
d. b. Greater at high frequencies connected in series at 300 K and 400
(𝑗𝛺−4)2
c. Greater at low frequencies K temperatures respectively. If R1 is
6. Find the inverse z-transform of the d. The same as “white” noise 200Ω and R2 is 300Ω, find the power
following expression. Assume causal produced at the load (RL = 500Ω)
signals. 14. Atmospheric noise is a great problem over a bandwidth of 100 kHz.
at frequencies ___. a. 0.25 fW
a. 𝛿 (n-7)+𝛿 (n-6)+u(n-5)
a. Above 30 MHz b. 0.50 fW
b. u(n-7)+u(n-6)+𝛿 (n-5) b. Below 30 MHz c. 0.75 fW
c. u(n-7)+𝛿 (n-6)+𝛿 (n-5) c. Above 30 kHz d. 1.0 fW
d. 𝛿 (n-7)+u(n-6)+u(n-5) d. Below 30 kHz
21. Which of the following conveys the
7. Solve for the Fourier transform of the 15. What is the reliable measurement for information in an AM signal?
given function: f(t) = e^(-2t) u(t-3) comparing amplifier noise a. Carrier
a. e^(-2*(2+jw)) / (2+jw) characteristic? b. Sidebands
b. e^(-2*(3+jw)) / (3+jw) a. Thermal agitation noise c. Neither a nor b
c. e^(-3*(2+jw)) / (2+jw) b. Noise factor d. Both a and b
d. e^(-3*(3+jw)) / (3+jw) c. Noise margin
d. Signal-to-noise
8. Find the convolution of f and g if f(t)
= tu(t) and g(t) = cos(t)u(t)
a. t – sin(t)
b. t + sin(t) 22. What is an application for vestigial
c. 1 + cos(t) 16. A type of noise that shows up as a sideband transmission?
d. 1 – cos(t) time variation of the leading and a. AM broadcast
trailing edges of binary signal. b. FDM
 c. Telephony d. 93.75 W
d. TV broadcast 31. The function which tends to silence
the receiver in the absence of 38. If the modulation index if an AM wave
23. The first symbol in the designation of transmitted carrier is doubled, the antenna current is
radio emission under the ITU rules a. Squelch also doubled, the AM system being
refers to? b. Muting used is
a. Bandwidth c. AGC a. H3E
b. Nature of signal(s) modulating d. AFC b. J3E
the main carrier c. C3F
c. Type of information to be 32. Most of the power in AM signal is in d. A3E
transmitted the
d. Type of modulation of the main a. Carrier 39. An FM signal in which the carrier is
carrier b. USB modulated 100% contains 1500 W at
c. LSB the carrier frequency. Determine the
24. The output of a balanced modulator d. Modulating signal power transmitted when the percent
a. LSB and USB modulation drops to 50%
b. LSB 33. A receiver has two uncoupled tuned a. 1500 W
c. USB circuits before the mixer, each with a b. 750 W
d. Carrier Q of 75. The signal frequency is c. 1687.5 W
107.5 MHz. The local oscillator uses d. 1125 W
25. Which of the following is not a low-side injection. Calculate the
baseband signal of modulation? image rejection ratio 40. Determine the percentage power
a. Audio signal a. 33.59 dB saving for an AM system at 95%
b. Video signal b. 30.52 dB modulation if the carrier is reduced to
c. RF carrier c. 29.33 dB 20% of its value and one of the
d. Binary coded pulses d. 11.84 dB sidebands is suppressed.
a. 50.67%
26. A single-tone amplitude modulated 34. A second modulating tone having the b. 60.67%
wave has ___. same amplitude but a different c. 70.67%
a. 2 components frequency is added to the first at the d. 80.67%
b. 3 components input to the modulator. The
c. 4 components modulator index will be increased by 41. Adding one bit to the word length, is
d. 2n + 1 components a factor of equivalent to adding ___ dB to the
a. 1.732 dynamic range of the digitizer.
27. What is the modulation index of an b. 1.414 a. 6 dB
FM signal if its modulating frequency c. 3 b. 1 dB
is doubled? d. 2 c. 4 dB
a. No effect d. 3 dB
b. Twice the original index 35. What is the capture effect?
c. Four times the original index a. All signals on a frequency are 42. If a constellation diagram has 32
d. One-half the original index demodulated by an FM receiver symbols and the symbol period is
b. All signals on a frequency are one symbol every 8 seconds, what is
28. ___ is the circuit used to detect demodulated by an AM receiver the bit rate?
frequency modulated signal. c. The loudest signal received is a. 26 bps
a. Discriminator the only demodulated signal b. 4 bps
b. Modulator d. The weakest signal received is c. 0.625 bps
c. Modem the only demodulated signal d. 1.6 bps
d. Detector
36. The lower the receiver noise figure
29. Which major element will not be becomes the greater will be the
found in every superheterodyne receiver’s ___.
receiver? a. Rejection of unwanted signals
a. RF amplifier b. Selectivity
b. Mixer c. Stability
c. Local oscillator d. Sensitivity
d. IF amplifier
43. A uniform quantizer, but slightly
37. An AM signal in which the carrier is offset voltage range in order to
30. The change of the modulated carrier modulated 70% contains 1500 W at protect the quantizer, uses 4 bits
frequency from the original RF to the the carrier frequency. Determine the whose input range ranges from 3V to
IF of the superheterodyne receiver is power content of each of the +12V. How large us each
known as sidebands when the percent quantization step in four decimal
a. Frequency multiplication modulation drops to 50% places?
b. Frequency allocation a. 150.60 W a. 0.5625 V
c. Frequency substitution b. 75.30 W b. 0.6000 V
d. Frequency translation c. 187.5 W c. 0.7500 V
 d. 0.8000 V 51. A block of addresses is granted to a interactions between communicating
small organization. If one of the devices.
44. What is the coding efficiency of a addresses is (205.16.37.19/26). How a. Session
linear PCM system that uses a sign many addresses are usable? b. Physical
bit and with a dynamic range of 69 a. 26 c. Transport
dB? b. 32 d. Network
a. 92.51% c. 62
b. 95.51% d. 64 59. The ___ layer ensures
c. 95.86% interoperability between
d. 99.66% 52. A block of addresses is granted to a communicating devise through
small organization. If one of the transformation of data into a mutually
45. Determine he decoded voltage from addresses is (205.16.37.19/23). How agreed upon format.
the 12-to-8 bit compressed code: many addresses are usable? a. Network
10011000 if the resolution is 0.5 V a. 255.255.255.0 b. Presentation
a. 8.5 V b. 255.255.254.0 c. Transport
b. 17 V c. 255.255.253.0 d. Data link
c. 12 V d. 255.255.252.0
d. 24 V 60. A ___ topology is a multipoint data
53. How many bits are in a IPV6 communications circuit that makes it
46. For 16-PSK and a transmission address? relatively simple to control data flow
system with a 20 kHz bandwidth, a. 32 between and among the computers
determine the maximum bit rate. b. 64 because the configuration allows all
a. 5 kbps c. 128 stations to receive every
b. 20 kbps d. 256 transmission over the network.
c. 80 kbps a. Star
d. 320 kbps 54. An unauthorized user is a network b. Mesh
___ issue. c. Bus
47. The output of a µ-law companding a. Security d. Ring
system is 34% of the maximum b. Reliability
possible. Calculate the input voltage c. Performance 61. What does an SWR reading of less
as a percentage of the maximum d. All of the above than 1.5:1 mean?
input. a. An impedance match is too low
a. 1.1% 55. What is one advantage of using b. A fairly good impedance match
b. 2.2% ASCII rather than Baudot code? (GPT)
c. 3.3% a. ASCII characters contain fewer c. An impedance mismatch;
d. 4.4% information bits something may be wrong with
b. The larger character set allows the antenna?
48. It is defined as the difference in store-and-forward d. An antenna gain of 1.5
decibels between the minimum input c. It includes both upper and lower
level necessary to discern the signal case text characters in the code 62. Why is a loading coil often used with
and the input level that will overdrive d. ASCII includes built-in error an HF mobile vertical antenna?
the receiver and produce distortion. correction a. To tune out capacitive reactance
a. Dynamic range b. To lower the losses
b. Noise figure 56. ___ it is designed to be used in c. To lower the quality factor
c. Bandwidth efficiency wireless applications in which d. To improve reception
d. Bandwidth improvement stations must be able to share the
medium without interception by an 63. The characteristic impedance of a
49. Which type of signal is used to eavesdropper and without being cable:
produce a predetermined alteration subject to jamming from a malicious a. Increases with length
in the carrier for spread spectrum intruder b. Increases with frequency
communication? a. Multiplexing c. Increases with voltage
a. Quantizing noise b. Spread spectrum d. None of the above
b. Random noise sequence c. Modulation
c. Pseudo-random sequence d. None of the above
d. Freqeuncy-compended
sequences 57. When a host on network A sends a 64. An example of an unbalanced line is:
50. If the frequency spectrum of signal message to a host on network B, a. A coaxial cable
has a bandwidth of 500 Hz with the which address does the router look b. 300-ohm twin lead TV cable
highest frequency at 600 Hz, what at? c. An open-wire cable
should be the sampling rate, a. Logical d. All of the above
according to the Nyquist theorem? b. Physical
a. 500 samples/s c. Port 65. Where does almost all RF current
b. 600 samples/s d. None of the above flow in a conductor?
c. 1000 samples/s a. In a magnetic field in the centre
d. 1200 samples/s 58. The ___ layer establishes, of the conductor
maintains, and synchronizes the
 b. In a magnetic field around the a. Helical-beam antenna 76. A horizontal dipole transmitting
conductor b. Folded dipole antenna antenna, installed at an ideal height
c. In the centre of the conductor c. Ground-plane antenna so that the ends are pointing
d. Along the surface of the d. Quad antenna North/South, radiates:
conductor a. Mostly to the East and West
72. A parabolic antenna is very efficient b. Mostly to the South and North
66. What kind of impedance does a because: c. Mostly to the South
quarter wavelength transmission line a. A horn-type radiator can be used d. Equally in all directions
present to the source when the line is to trap the received energy
open at the far end? b. All the received energy is 77. A passive device that allows
a. A very high impedance focused to a point where the transmitters operating on two
b. A very low impedance pick-up antenna is located different frequencies to use the same
c. The same as the characteristic c. A dipole antenna can be used to antenna
impedance of the transmission pick up the received energy a. Duplexer
line d. No impedance matching is b. Diplexer
d. Along the surface of the required c. Reciprocity tube
conductor d. Magnetron
73. Why would one need to know the
67. A positive voltage pulse sent down a radiation resistance of an antenna? 78. If a Yagi antenna has 10 elements,
transmission line terminated in a a. To measure the near-field how many reflector/s is/are used?
short-circuit radiation density from a a. 1
a. Would reflect as a positive pulse transmitting antenna b. 3
b. Would reflect as a negative pulse b. To calculate the front-to-side of c. 8
c. Would reflect as a positive pulse the antenna d. 10
followed by a negative pulse c. To calculate the front-to-back
d. Would not reflect at all ratio of the antenna 79. What is the gain of a parabolic dish
d. To match impedances for antenna having a diameter equal to
68. Calculate the minimum length of a maximum power transfer 5𝜆 if it is assumed as lossless?
conductor to be considered as a a. 24 dB
transmission line. Assume an 74. Antenna beamwidth is the angular b. 25 dB
operating frequency of 120 MHz and distance between c. 26 dB
the dielectric is air. a. The 3 dB power point on the first d. 27 dB
a. 0.625 m minor lobe
b. 2.5 m b. The points on the major lobe at 80. Calculate the physical length of half-
c. 0.25 m the half-power points wave dipole for use at 150 MHz.
d. 1.25 m c. The maximum lobe spread a. 0.5 m
points on the major lobe b. 0.475 m
69. A system with operating frequency of d. The 6 dB power points on the c. 1 m
800 MHz uses a lossless major lobe d. 0.95 m
transmission line with C = 0.75556
pF/m and L = 50 µH/m, determine the
dielectric material used in the
transmission line
a. Polyethylene
b. Teflon
c. PVC 81. A transmitter has a power output of
d. Mica 75. If a parasitic element slightly shorter 125 watts. There is a loss of 0.8 dB
than a horizontal dipole antenna is in transmission line, 0.2 dB in the
placed parallel to the dipole 0.1 antenna tuner, and a gain of 10 dBd
wavelength from it and at the same in the antenna. The Effective
height, what effect will this have on Radiated Power (ERP) is
the antenna’s radiation pattern? a. 1125
a. A major lobe will develop in the b. 134
70. With a 50 Ω lossless transmission horizontal plane, from the dipole c. 1000
line terminated in a load impedance toward the parasitic element d. 1250
100+j50 Ω, determine the fraction of b. A major lobe will develop in the
the average incident power reflected horizontal plane, from the
by the load. parasitic element towards the 82. A 20MHz uniform plane wave is
a. ½ dipole propagating in a material with 𝜀 r = 9,
b. 1/3 c. A major lobe will develop in the µr = 1, and 𝜎 = 0. The
c. ¼ vertical plane, away from the electromagnetic wave propagates in
d. 1/5 ground the +az direction and is described by
d. The radiation pattern will not be
the equation: Ey(z ,y) = 75cost(𝜔t-
71. One antenna which will respond affected
simultaneously to vertically- and 𝛽z), Determine the magnitude of the
horizontally-polarized signals is the: magnetic field.
 a. 0.597 A/m 88. What causes the maximum usable a. Attenuation due to other gases
b. 0.759 A/m frequency to vary? b. Attenuation due to mist and fog
c. 0.795 A/m a. The speed of the winds in the c. Attenuation due to water vapor
d. 0.957 A/m upper atmosphere and oxygen
b. The type of weather just below d. Attenuation due to rain
83. A 20MHz uniform plane wave is the ionosphere
propagating in a material with 𝜀 r = 9, c. The amount of radiation received 96. Two tons 25 miles apart will be
µr = 1, and 𝜎 = 0. The from the sun, mainly ultraviolet provided with a point-to-point
electromagnetic wave propagates in d. The temperature of the microwave system operating at 7.5
the +az direction and is described by ionosphere GHz. The system will be used by a
the equation: Ey(z ,y) = 75cost(𝜔t- telephone company, and it will be
89. Determine the fade margin for a 60- designed to carry 500 voice channels
𝛽z), Determine 𝛽
km microwave hop. The RF carrier with a reliability of 99.99%.
a. 0.258
frequency is 6 GHz, the terrain is Considering a bandwidth of 4 kHz
b. 1.258
very smooth and dry, and the per voice channel, find the size of the
c. 2.258
reliability objective is 99.995% antenna, in feet, that will meet the
d. 3.258
a. 28.9 dB required availability if:
b. 38.9 dB Transmitter
84. How does intermodulation 7.06 dBm
c. 48.9 dB output power
interference between two repeater
d. 58.9 dB Receiver noise
transmitters usually occur? 12 dB
a. When the signals are reflected figure
90. What is the reliability of the Connector loss
out of phase by aircraft passing 0.5 dB
equipment with a total downtime of per site
overhead
16 hours during the whole month? Radome loss
b. When they are in close proximity 1 dB
a. 96.78% per site
and the signals mix in one or
b. 97.78% Waveguide
both of their final amplifiers 1.5dB/100ft
c. 98.78% attenuation
c. When the signals are reflected in
d. 99.78% Waveguide
phase by aircraft passing 100 ft
overhead length per site
91. What dominant mode for circular a. 4
d. When they are in close proximity
waveguides in TE mode: b. 6
and the signals cause feedback
1. TE_10 c. 8
in one or both of their final
2. TE_11 d. 10
amplifiers
3. TM_10
4. TM_11 97. What is the low band and high band
85. Why should your outside antennas
92. Given a waveguide, WR187, with of the K-band?
be high enough so that no one can
outside dimensions of 2” by 1” and a. 1-2 GHz
touch them while you are
thickness of 0.064”. The range of b. 2-4 GHz
transmitting?
frequencies if only TE30 is allowed is c. 12-18 GHz
a. Touching the antenna might
in the form of A GHz < f <= B GHz. d. 18-27 GHz
cause television interference
Find A+B
b. Touching the antenna might
a. 17.5046 98. Calculate the required clearance for
cause RF burns
b. 18.5046 an obstacle located 20 km from the
c. Touching the antenna might
c. 19.5046 transmitting end of a 45 km line-of-
reflect the signal back to the
d. 20.5046 sight radio link operating at
transmitter and cause damage
d. Touching the antenna might frequency of 9 GHz
93. Calculate the ratio of the cross a. 19.3 m
radiate harmonics
section of a circular waveguide to b. 11.5 m
that of a rectangular one if each is to c. 9.79 m
86. What electromagnetic wave
have the same cut-off wavelength for d. 16.3 m
polarization does a Yagi antenna
its dominant mode
have when its elements are parallel
a. 1.16 99. Consider for a given RADAR, if
to the Earth’s surface?
b. 2.16 minimum receiver sensitivity is -112
a. Helical
c. 3.16 dBW, transmitted peak power is 148
b. Vertical
d. 4.16 kW, gain of antenna is 38 dB, target
c. Circular
d. Horizontal cross section is 5 square meters and
94. Category of fading that is non- maximum range of the radar is 267
frequency dependent km, calculate the effective area, in
87. When is the ionosphere least
a. Frequency selective fading square meters, of the receiving
ionized?
b. Flat fading antenna
a. Shortly before midnight
c. Fade margin a. 885
b. Shortly before dawn
d. Rayleigh fading b. 985
c. Just after noon
d. Just after dusk c. 1085
d. 1185
95. Which of the following is an
atmospheric attenuation?
100. An FM LOS microwave link
operates at 5.15 GHz. The required
receiver IF bandwidth is 15 MHz. The
transmitter output power is 20dBm.
The receiver front end’s first active
stage is a mixer with a noise figure of
7 dB. The path length is 25 mi; the
antennas at each end have a 30-db
gain and the transmission line losses
at each end are 2 dB. If the FM
Improvement threshold is used as
the unfaded reference, determine the
IRL.
a. -61 dBm
b. -71 dBm
c. -81 dBm
d. -91 dBm
EST SET B c. Crystal noise b. deterministic
d. White noise c. discrete
1. Evaluate the convolution of the given 9. It quantifies the degree of similarity d. aperiodic
discrete values: x(n) = [-2, 0.5, 3], between one set of data (or
h(n) = [-1, -2, 1.5] sequence) and another. 16. Given the discrete exponential signal
a. [-3, 4.75, 5.5, 6.5, 3] a. correlation graph, Determine the value of “a” on
b. [-3, 4.75, 5.5, -6.5, -3] b. convolution the equation 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑎𝑛
c. [2, 3.5, -7, 5.25, -4.5] c. FFT
d. [2, 3.5, -7, -5.25, 4.5] d. DFT

2. Which signal is considered to be 10. An amplifier has a noise figure of 1.5

unstable based on DT system dB. What is its equivalent noise a. a>1
stability boundary principle? temperature? b. a=1
a. DC signal a. 703.0 K c. a<0
b. Unit Step b. 119.6 K d. 0<a<1
c. Exponential c. 205.3 K
d. Sinusoidal d. 409.6 K 17. Which of the following equations
represents the “anti-casual”system?
3. Evaluate the convolution of the given 11. Evaluate the z-transform of: 𝑥(𝑛) = a. 𝑥(𝑡) = 0; 𝑡 > 0
discrete values: x(n) = [-0.75, 0.5, 2𝑛 𝑢(𝑛) b. 𝑥(𝑡) = 0; 𝑡 ≥ 0
1
0.7], h(n) = [2, -0.4, 3] a.
1+2𝑧
c. 𝑥(𝑡) = 0; 𝑡 < 0
a. [-1.5, 1.3, -1.05, 1.22, 2.1] b.
1 d. 𝑥(𝑡) = 0; 𝑡 ≤ 0
b. [-1.5, 1.3, -1.05, -1.22, 2.1] 1+2𝑧 −1
1
c. [-2.25, 1.8, 0.4, 0.72, 1.4] c. 18. A type of system where the output
1−2𝑧
d. [-2.25, 1.8, 0.4, -0.72, 1.4] 1 y[n] at every value of n depends on
d.
1−2𝑧 −1 the input x[n] at the same value of n.
4. Noise always affects the signal in a a. casual
12. A diode noise generator is required
communications system at the b. non-casual
to produce 20 uV of noise in a
_____. c. dynamic
receiver with an input impedance of d. static
a. transmitter
75 Ω, resistive, and a noise power
b. channel
bandwidth of 100 kHz. What must 19. A type of system where the output of
c. information source
the current through the diode be? the system is independent of the
d. destination
a. 1.2 A
future values of input.
b. 2.2 A
1
5. Given 𝑟𝑛 = ∑𝑁−1 𝑥1 (𝑛)𝑥1 (𝑛 + 𝑗), a. casual
𝑁 𝑥=0 c. 3,2 A b. non-casual
The equation best represents the: d. 4.2 A c. dynamic
a. Normalized convolution d. static
𝑛
b. Normalized correlation 13. Given the equation: 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑥( ), It is
2
c. autocorrelation best described as: 20. Given the system equation: 𝑦(𝑛) =
d. cross correlation a. Down Sampling 𝑥(𝑛) ∙𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑛) , It is best described
b. Up Sampling as:
6. A piece of communication equipment c. Down Scaling a. linear
has two stages of amplification with d. Up Scaling b. non-linear
gains of 51 and 77 and two loss c. unstable
stages with attenuation factors of 14. Given the equation: 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡 + d. time-invariant
0.05 and 0.085. the output voltage is 𝑚𝑡), It is best described as:
2.9 V. What is the input voltage? a. periodic analog signal 21. All are reasons for modulation,
a. 1.750 V b. periodic analog system except:
b. 0.174 V c. periodic discrete signal a. To make transmission of
c. 0.546 V d. periodic discrete system information secure
d. 4.092 V b. To make the signal undetectable
15. Given the signal graph, It is best c. To make the signal go further
7. Given the function: 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝛿(𝑡), described as: d. To make the antenna size
Evaluate the 𝑋 (𝛺) practical
a. 1
b. 0 22. In Amplitude modulation, the
c. jΩ information is in the______?
d. -jΩ a. Carrier
b. Sidebands
8. Noise that is associated with crystal c. Noise
surface defects in semiconductor d. Both A and B
and also found in vacuum tubes.
a. Pink noise 23. Under ITU Radio Emission Types,
b. Black noise a. digital J3E is?
a. Single Sideband Super Carrier
 b. Single Sideband Full Carrier d. 89.14% c. Amateur Radio
c. Single Sideband Suppressed d. Satellite Communications
Carrier
d. Single Sideband Superseded 31. An FM modulator has a frequency
Carrier deviation sensitivity of 5 kHz/V and 38. The PM signal produces by an FM
modulating signal 𝑣𝑚(𝑡) = 2 circuit is called?
24. This stage in the Superheterodyne 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (4000𝜋) . Calculate the peak a. Indirect FM
receiver made it possible to recover frequency deviation and modulation b. Indirect PM
the suppressed carrier. index. c. Direct FM
a. IF Stage a. 10 kHz; 10 d. Indirect FM
b. RF Amplifier b. 5 kHz; 5
c. Mixer c. 10 kHz; 5 39. What produces splatter in an AM
d. Detector d. 5 kHz; 10 transmission?
a. Under modulation
25. Any frequency other than the 32. Calculate the modulation index for a b. Overmodulation
selected radio frequency that, if standard AM transmission, if the c. Flickering
allowed to enter a receiver will maximum peak voltage of the d. Skin effect
produce a cross-product frequency modulated wave is 120 V and the
that is equal to the Intermediate modulating signal voltage is 60 V 40. Which symbol indicates that only one
Frequency peak. sideband is transmitted?
a. Radio Frequency a. 0.33 a. A3E
b. Intermediate Frequency b. 0.5 b. H3E
c. Image Frequency c. 2 c. B8E
d. Received Frequency d. 1 d. C3F

26. What are the basic elements of 33. One way to derive FM from PM is? 41. In BFSK, what frequency is
communications system? a. integrate the signal out of the PM associated with logic 0?
a. Source, transmission channel, oscillator a. zero
transmitter b. integrate the modulating signal b. one
b. Transmitter, receiver, before applying to the PM c. mark
transmission channel oscillator d. space
c. Information, transmission c. differentiate the modulating
channel, receiver signal before applying to the PM 42. How many different symbols are
d. Sender and receiver oscillator available for an 8-PSK transmitter?
d. differentiate the signal out of the a. 3
27. The intermediate frequency for AM PM oscillator b. 4
Receivers is? c. 8
a. 455 kHz 34. FM bandwidth can be approximated d. 16
b. 10.7 MHz by:
c. 70 MHz a. Bessel Function 43. Assuming maximum input and output
d. 413 kHz b. Carson’s Rule voltages of 1 volt, what is the output
c. Carnot’s Rule voltage of a u-law compressor if the
28. The total transmitted power of an AM d. Armstrong’s Rule input voltage is 0.388 volt?
broadcast transmitter with a carrier a. 0.73V
power of 50 kW when modulated 50 35. What will be the deviation caused by b. 0.83V
percent is? a 3-kHz tone if the modulation index c. 0.76V
a. 65.12 kW is 3? d. 0.86V
b. 54.14 kW a. 10 kHz
c. 50.43 kW b. 9 kHz 44. The transmission bit rate of a E-2
d. 56.25 kW c. 1 kHz line:
d. 6 Hz a. 2.048 Mbps
29. An SSB transmitter produces a 200V b. 8.448 Mbps
peak-to-peak signal across a 377 c. 8.048 Mbps
36. Using Carson’s rule, what is the
ohms antenna load. The PEP output d. 8.484 Mbps
approximate bandwidth of an FM
is?
signal with a modulation index of 2
a. 12.43 W 45. If the frequency spectrum of a signal
being modulated by a 5-kHz signal?
b. 13.26 W has a bandwidth of 500 Hz with the
a. 50 kHz
c. 43.12 W highest frequency at 600 Hz, what
b. 30 kHz
d. 4.89 W should be the sampling rate,
c. 60 kHz
d. 90 kHz according to the Nyquist theorem?
30. Calculate the percentage power a. 500 samples/s
saving for J3E system at 90% b. 600 samples/s
37. What is an application for vestigial
modulation c. 1000 samples/s
sideband transmission?
a. 88.76% d. 1200 samples/s
a. AM Broadcast
b. 84.76%
b. TV Broadcast
c. 85.59%
46. What is the channel capacity for a 54. Calculate the bit rate for a 64-level c. 13
signal power of 200 W, noise power modulator that transmit symbols d. 39
of 10 W and a bandwidth of 2 kHz of 14,000 times per second.
a digital system? a. 84 kbps 63. What is an unbalanced line?
a. 8.785 kbps b. 74 kbps a. Feed line with neither conductor
b. 4.751 kbps c. 64 kbps connected to ground
c. 9.128 kbps d. 54 kbps b. Feed line with one conductor
d. 6.143 kbps 55. PCM is an example of ___ connected to ground
conversion. c. Feed line with neither conductor
47. UDP and TCP are both _____ layer a. analog-to-analog connected to ground
protocols. b. digital-to-digital d. Feed line with both conductors
a. data link c. analog-to-digital connected to each other
b. network d. digital-to-analog
c. transport 64. One of the following is not a bounded
d. none of the above 56. Foldover distortion is caused by: media.
a. noise a. Coaxial line
48. ____ is normally a computer that b. too many samples per second b. Two-wire line
operates in all five layers of the c. too few samples per second c. Waveguide
Internet model or seven layers of OSI d. all of the above d. Ocean
model.
a. gateway 57. An unauthorized user is a network 65. What does an SWR reading of 1:1
b. router ___ issue. mean?
c. bridge a. security a. The best impedance match has
d. repeater b. reliability been attained
c. performance b. An antenna for another
49. Find the number of wires used for a d. all of the above frequency band is probably
mesh topology with 10 terminals connected
using full duplex transmission. 58. _____ is a collection of many c. No power is going to the antenna
a. 45 separate networks. d. The SWR meter is broken
b. 90 a. A WAN
c. 190 b. An internet 66. What is the polarization of a discone
d. 380 c. A LAN antenna?
d. None of the above a. vertical
50. The IP address (195.5.15.111) b. horizontal
belongs to what class? 59. How many non-printable characters c. circular
a. A (except for DEL) does ASCII have? d. spiral
b. B a. 16
c. C b. 32 67. What is the antenna radiation pattern
d. D c. 64 for an isotropic radiator?
d. 128 a. A parabola
51. A block of addresses is granted to a b. A cardioid
small organization. If one of the 60. In PCM system, it is the ratio of the c. A unidirectional cardioid
addresses is (205.16.37.39/28). Find maximum input voltage level to the d. A sphere
the first usable address. smallest voltage level that can be
a. 205.16.37.32 quantized. 68. Approximately how much gain does
b. 205.16.37.33 a. SQR a half-wave dipole have over an
c. 205.16.37.46 b. quantum isotropic radiator?
d. 205.16.37.47 c. resolution a. 1.5 dB
d. dynamic range b. 3.1 dB
52. A cable break in a ______ topology c. 6.1 dB
stops all transmission. 61. The characteristic impedance of a d. 2.1 dB
a. Mesh transmission line is determined by
b. Bus the: 69. It is a luminous discharge that occurs
c. Star a. length of the line between two conductors of a
d. Primary b. load placed on the line transmission line when the difference
c. frequency at which the line is of potential between them exceeds
53. What is the dynamic range of a linear operated the breakdown voltage of the
PCM system that uses 12 bits per d. physical dimensions and relative insulator.
sample (with sign bit)? positions of the conductors a. near-end crosstalk
a. 66 dB b. coupling loss
b. 72 dB 62. The characteristic impedance of a c. far-end crosstalk
c. 76 dB 20-meter piece of transmission line is d. corona
d. 82 dB 52 ohms. If 10 meters were cut off,
the impedance would be: 70. The characteristic impedance of a
a. 26 cable:
b. 52 a. increases with length
 b. increases with frequency d. none of the above 86. Refers to the direction of the electric
c. increases with voltage field vector in space
d. none of the above 79. What does horizontal wave a. Beamwidth
polarization mean? b. Directivity
71. A transmitter operating at 30 MHz a. The electric and magnetic lines c. Polarization
with 4 W output is connected via 10 of force of a radio wave are d. ERP
m of RG-8A/u cable to an antenna perpendicular to the earth’s 87. Two or more receivers are used
that has an input resistance of 300 surface using a single antenna.
ohms. Find the reflection coefficient. b. The electric lines of force of a a. Sky Diversity
a. 0.71 radio wave are perpendicular to b. Space Diversity
b. 0.77 the earth’s surface c. Frequency Diversity
c. 0.97 c. The electric lines of force of a d. Ground Diversity
d. 0.76 radio wave are parallel to the
earth’s surface 88. An electromagnetic wave consists of
72. Calculate the physical length of a d. The magnetic lines of force of a ____?
half-wave dipole for use at 300 MHz radio wave are parallel to the a. Electric Field
a. 0.5 m earth’s surface b. Magnetic field
b. 0.475 m c. Both A and B
c. 0.5 ft. 80. The wavelength for a frequency of 25 d. Sound Waves
d. 0.475 ft. MHz is:
a. 49.2 ft 89. What term is used to identify the
73. The reflector on a Yagi antenna is b. 13.1 ft forward progress velocity of
called a ___ element c. 39.4 ft wavefronts in a waveguide?
a. driven d. 105 ft a. Rectilinear Velocity
b. parasitic b. Space Velocity
c. refractive 81. Medium 1 has a relative permittivity c. Group Velocity
d. insulative of 12.51 and medium 2 has a relative d. Tangential Velocity
permittivity of 4.19. for an angle of
74. if an LPDA had five elements, the incidence of 30 degrees, determine 90. What is the total path loss for a 30-
number of driven elements it had the angle of reflection. km microwave link operating at 4.2
would be ____. a. 34 degrees GHz?
a. one b. 30 degrees a. 31.56 dB
b. five c. 60 degrees b. 120.43 dB
c. ten d. 63 degrees c. 134.41 dB
d. none d. 90.12 dB
82. One common application of Ground
75. A transmitter delivers 50 W into a 600 wave propagation is? 91. The dominant mode of a waveguide
Ω lossless line that is terminated with a. FM Transmission depends on:
an antenna that has an impedance of b. AM Broadcast a. The shape of the wavguide
275 Ω, resistive. How much power c. Satellite Communications b. The power level of the signal
actually reaches the antenna? d. GPS c. The point of signal injection
a. 43.10W d. None of the above
b. 22.42W 83. For Sky wave propagation, what
c. 10.71W layer will give the longest skip 92. Calculate the group velocity if the
d. 38.43W distance? phase velocity is 4.125x10^8 m/s.
a. D Layer a. 2.182x10^8 m/s
76. An example of an unbalanced line is: b. E Layer b. 1.228x10^8 m/s
a. a coaxial cable c. F2 Layer c. 8.212x10^8 m/s
b. 300-ohm twin lead tv cable d. F1 Layer d. 1.282x10^8 m/s
c. an open-wire line cable
d. all of the above 84. The attenuation on the signal 93. 90% reliability is equivalent to how
experience when traveling through many hours per year that a certain
77. If an antenna has 10.14 dB of gain wireless media microwave system will not meet the
compared to a point source, how a. Free Space Loss desired propagation requirements?
much gain does it have compared to b. Copper Loss a. 876
a half-wave dipole? c. Coupling Loss b. 347
a. 12.28 dB d. Antenna Loss c. 568
b. 8 dB d. 239
c. 14.10 dB 85. A type of Diversity on which multiple
d. 16 dB antennas are used to compensate 94. A transmitter and receiver operating
reflections and multipath effects. at 1 GHz are separated by 10 km.
78. The radiated beam from a parabolic a. Frequency Diversity How many dBm of power gets to the
“dish” transmitting antenna is: b. Path Diversity receiver if the transmitter puts out 1
a. phased c. Space Diversity Watt, and both the sending and
b. dispersed d. Hybrid Diversity receiving antennas have a gain of 20
c. collimated dBi?
 a. -22.4
b. -42.4
c. 32.4
d. 42.4

95. Space waves are:

a. Line-of-sight
b. Reflected off the ionosphere
c. Same as sky waves
d. Radio waves used for satellite
communications

96. Radio waves would most strongly

reflect off:
a. A flat insulating surface of the
right size
b. a flat dielectric surface of the
right size
c. a flat metallic surface of the right
size
d. a flat body of water

97. In digital microwave systems,

additional repeaters increases the
_____.
a. Noise level
b. reliability
c. jitter
d. all of the choices

98. Calculate the required clearance for

an obstacle located 10 km from the
transmitting end of a 40 km line-of-
sight radio link operating at
frequency of 6 GHz.
a. 19.3m
b. 11.6m
c. 80.6m
d. 48.4m

99. A line-of-sight radio link over flat

terrain needs to use antenna towers
50 km apart. What, approximately, is
the minimum height for the towers
assuming all the towers are the
same?
a. 37 m
b. 47 m
c. 37 ft
d. 47 ft

100. Ground waves are most

effective:
a. Below about 2 MHz
b. Above about 20 MHz
c. At microwave frequencies
d. When using horizontally
polarized waves