GRAMMAR

SYLLABUS FOR THE SESSION 2023-2024

1. GAP FILLING (TENSES, CLAUSES)
2. QUESTIONS ON REORDERING/ TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES

TENSES
Tense denotes the time of a verb’s action or its state of being, such as present
(something that is happening now), past (something that happened earlier), or future
(something that is going to happen)

VERB FORMS
To understand tenses, it is important to learn verb forms. Verbs change to describe
the time of action by adding some suffix in their root verb forms or changing their
forms. Verbs which follow the pattern of adding -ed or -d as suffixes are regular and
others are irregular. There are five forms of verbs in English grammar- present(root),
past, past participle, present participle and third-person singular,
Here are 50 examples for you:
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
Present Past Past Present Third Person
(Root) Participle Participle Singular
1. Act Acted Acted Acting Acts
2. Agree Agreed Agreed Agreeing Agrees
3. Arrive Arrived Arrived Arriving Arrives
4. Ask Asked Asked Asking Asks
5. Behave Behaved Behaved Behaving Behaves
6. Become Became Become Becoming Becomes
7. Belong Belonged Belonged Belonging Belongs
8. Believe Believed Believed Believing Believes
9. Call Called Called Calling Calls
10. Cool Cooled Cooled Cooling Cools
11. Do Did Done Doing Does
12. Die Died Died Dying dies
13. Enjoy Enjoyed Enjoyed Enjoying Enjoys
14. Explain Explained Explained Explaining Explains
15. Fight Fought Fought Fighting Fights

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16. Flee Fled Fled Fleeing Flees
17. Go Went Gone Going Goes
18. Give Gave Given Giving Gives
19. Hit Hit Hit Hit Hits
20. Hunt Hunted Hunted Hunting Hunts
21. Hurt Hurt Hurt Hurt Hurts
22. Ignore Ignored Ignored ignoring Ignores
23. Iron troned Ironed Ironing irons
24. Justify Justified Justihed Justifying Justifies
25. Know Knew Known Know Knows
26. Keep Kept Kept Keeping Keeps
27. Kill Killed Killed killing Kills
28. Live Lived Lived Living Lives.
29. Look Looked Looked Looking Looks.
30. Leave Left Left Leaving Leaves
31. Mark Marked Marked Marking Marks
32. Marry Married Married Marrying Marries
33. Note Noted Noted Noting Notes
34. Obey Obeyed Obeyed Obeying Obeys
35. Play Played Played Playing Plays
36. Put Put Put Put Puts
37. Quit Quit Quit Quit Quits
38. Read Read Read Reading Reads
39. Ring Rang Rung Ringing Rings
40. Sit Sat Sat Sitting Sits
41. Shoot Shot Shot Shooting Shoots
42. Swim Swam Swum Swimming Swims
43. Teach Taught Taught Teaching Teaches
44. Throw Threw Thrown Throwing Throws
45. Think Thought Thought Thinking Thinks
46. Upset Upset Upset Upsetting Upsets
47. View Viewed Viewed Viewing Views
48. Wed Wed Wed Wedding Weds
49. Yell Yelled Yelled Yelling Yells
50. Zip Zipped Zipped Zipping Zips

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 TENSE CHART
TENSE AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
PAST
INDEFINITE I played games I did not play games Did I play games?
CONTINUOUS I was playing games I was not playing Was I playing games?
games
PERFECT I had played games I had not played games Had I played games?
PERFECT I had been playing I had not been playing Had I been playing
CONTINUOUS games games games?
PRESENT
INDEFINITE I play games I do not play games Do I play games?
CONTINUOUS I am playing games I am not playing games Am I playing games?
PERFECT I have played games I have not played Have I played games?
games
PERFECT I have been playing I have not been playing Have I been playing
CONTINUOUS games games games?
FUTURE
INDEFINITE I will play games I will not play games Will I play games?
CONTINUOUS I will be playing I will not be playing Will I be playing
games games games?
PERFECT I will have played I will not have played Will I have played
games games games?
PERFECT I will have been I will not have been Will I have been
CONTINUOUS playing games playing games playing games?
EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE:
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets:
1. He is looking forward to...........the match (watch)
2. The faster you............ the sooner you get tired. (run)
3. In spite of our best efforts, we the contract. (not win)
4. It is time you got ........(marry)
5. The teacher will be angry with you if you ........your homework (not do).
6. Having...... the cats, she went to work.(feed)
7. She speaks as though she....... everything.(know)
8. As I....... his address, I couldn’t write to him.(not know)
9. We........ Agra in October.(visit)
10. He....so hard that he fell ill. (work)
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 TENSES
[ TEST PAPER ]
1. As much as I know, all he’s good at __________ making up excuses all the time.
A. his B. presently
C. is D. has been
Ans: C
2. I’m simply ____________ at your lack of authority over him.
A. is surprised B. have been surprised
C. am surprised D. surprised
Ans: D
3. The work had ____________ under extremely difficult conditions.
A. been doing B. completed
C. to be done D. done
Ans: C
4. They have the poor servant ____________ the whole mansion twice a day.
A. cleaned B. to clean
C. cleans D. clean
Ans: D
5. __________ two months at sea, he came back healthier than ever.
A. Spending B. Being spent
C. Having spent D. While spending
Ans: C
6. His wife __________ him not to drink too much as he would be driving them home
after the party.
A. begged B. has beg
C. had begging D. was begged
Ans: A
7. What time does the bus................. Chandigarh?
A. go away to B. go away for
C. leave to D. leave for
Ans: D

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8. “Our daughter _________”, they said.
A. was born since three years B. is born for three years ago
C. was born three years ago D. has been born since three years ago
Ans: C
9. This is the song we _________.
A. like to listen to B. are liking to listen to
C. liked listen to D. are liked to listen
Ans: A
10. When ________________ play a game of cricket?
A. had you last B. did you last
C. last had you D. did you have last
Ans: B
11. I ____________ a game of cricket.
A. came B. come
C. come in D. came for
Ans: D
12. He ____________ the piano when Mr. Saxena arrived.
A. is playing B. play
C. played D. had been playing
Ans. D
13. Is that the man ________ yesterday?
A. you’ve met B. has met you
C. you met D. met you
Ans. C
14. We expected about 20 girls but there _________ more people there.
A. has been B. was
C. are D. were
Ans. D

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15. When _________ Mr. Jones?
A. you have met B. you did meet
C. you met D. did you meet
Ans. D
16. This poem _________ by me when I was seven years old.
A. is written B. was written
C. was writing D. is write
Ans: B
17. English is _________ in many countries.
A. speak B. spoken
C. spoke D. None of the above
Ans: B
18. Did you ________ the poem yesterday?
A. recited B. have recited
C. recite D. have been reciting
Ans: C

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 CLAUSES

A Clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a verb, and forms a sentence or
part of a sentence. It does not have an independent existence. In other words, a clause is a
single sentence within a larger sentence, made of two or more than two clauses which are
joined by suitable conjunctions.

TYPES OF CLAUSES

1.  rincipal or Main Clause: it is also known as independent clause. it does not depend
P
on any other part of the sentence for its meaning.
I love my country where I was born.
It is certain that I will support you.

2. Co-ordinate Clause; it is found in a sentence with two or more clauses. it is equally

independent like the Principal clause and is joined by co-ordinate conjunctions like
and, however, but, so, or, therefore, for, yet, still, now, otherwise, either..or, neither..
nor, not only..but also, etc.
I know him and I like him.
Work hard else you will fail.

3. Subordinate Clause. A Subordinate clause is dependent on the Principal clause.

This is the book which she gave me.
I shall wait here till you return home.

Sentences may be classified into three types according to the number of clauses:
1. A Simple sentence: it has only one clause i.e. one subject and one predicate. The boys
are playing cricket.
2. A Compound sentence: it has two or more main clauses joined together by coordinating
conjunctions. She ran fast and won the race.
3. A Complex sentence A Complex sentence has one main clause and one or more
subordinate clauses.
I know the lady who wrote this book.

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TYPES OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSE

Noun Clause: it works as a noun at the place of subject or object. It begins with conjunctions
like that, how, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever, who, whoever,
whom, whomever, and why.

An adjective clause works as an adjective in a sentence and modifies/gives details about

nouns or pronouns. It starts with conjunctions like that, which, whichever, who, whoever,
whom, whomever, whose.

Adverb Clause: it works as an adverb in a sentence and modifies a verb or an adjective

clause. It uses conjunctions like-

Time - whenever, when, until, since, as, while, after, before, as soon as, by the time.

Cause and effect so, so that, as, because, since, as long as, now, that.

Contrast - though, although, while, even, whereas.

Condition - whether or not, if, unless, only if, providing or provided that, in case, even if.

EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE:

Identify the clauses in the sentences given below:
i. The driver called me when I left my bag in the cab.
ii. I met a boy who helped me.
iii. The teacher asked a question that was easy to answer.
iv. He takes medicine because he suffers from fever.
v. When the rain stopped, we started our journey.
vi. What she wore to the party turned some heads.
vii. Whatever you learn will help you in the future.
viii. Please ask mom what we’re having for dinner.
ix. Choose a gift for whomever you want.
x. I wonder how long we should wait here.

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 EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE:
Fill in the blanks using the most appropriate option:
i. He wore a shirt............... looks nice. (who/what/which/where)
ii. Rohan visited the office............. his mother works. (who/what/which/where)
iii. The university............ my brother reads is in Canada. (who/what/which/where)
iv. It was 10 p.m............ the thief entered the house. (where/when/whose/which)
v. An educated man is one...........expression is educated. (where/when/whose/which)
vi ........... air conditioner do you find the most effective? (where/when/whose/which)
vii. The girl......... is wearing the red dress is my sister. (who/what/which/where)
viii. He bought a new motorcycle........is black in colour. (who/what/which/where)
ix. I was very happy......... I won a prize. (where/when/whose/which)
x. I didn’t know......... train to board so I went to the clerk. (where/when/whose/which)

SOLUTIONS
i. Which ii. Where
iii. Where iv. When
V. Whose vi Which
vii. Who viii. Which
ix. When x. Which

EXERCISE FOR PRACTICE:

Fill in the blanks:
i. If he.........me what was wrong, I could help him. (tell)
ii. I........... the book which you gave me yesterday. (lose)
iii. If you hadn’t watered the flowers they............(die)
iv. He is so weak that he............ on his feet. (not stand)
v. You must run fast or you........... the train. (miss)
vi. She is the girl who............ the painting. (make)
vii. The newspaper will tell us tomorrow what........in the world today(happen)
viii. I shall not go to his house unless he........ me. (invite)
ix. The police......... the thief who broke in last night. (catch)
x. He thanked me for what I........(do)

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Transformation of Sentences

Transformation is a process of changing the form of a sentence without changing its

basic meaning. It enables a person to express the same thing in a different way without
affecting the meaning.

From Simple to Complex

1. By removing too and to
The man is too poor to pay his bills. (Simple sentence)
The man is so poor that he can not pay his bills. (complex sentence)
Shyam is too honest to cheat. (simple)
Shyam is so honest that he can not cheat. (complex sentence)
Points to remember:
1. too is replaced by so/such
2. Infinitive is changed into ‘that + Negative adverb clause of result.
Shyam is too honest to cheat

So + that he cannot

Shyam is so honest that he cannot cheat.

By removing ENOUGH and TO
Look at the example given below:
He is tall enough to touch the fan.

So that he can
He is so tall that he can touch the fan.
(iii) Transformation from comparative to superlative degree:
1. Babu is faster than any other boy in the class.
Babu is the fastest boy in the class.
2. Gold is more expensive than any other metal.
Gold is the most expensive metal.
Points to remember:

(a) Any other/no other is left out.

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 (b) The comparative form is changed into superlative form.
(c) ‘Than’ is removed, ‘the’ is added before superlative degree.

(iii) Transformation from Positive to Superlative.

1. No other poet is as great as Kalidas.
Kalidas is the greatest poet.
2. No other metal is as costly as gold.
Gold is the costliest metal.
• No other/any other is left out
• As ........................ as/ So ........................ as is changed into superlative degree of
adjectives.
(iv) Transformation of different types of statements.
(a) Interrogative to Assertive—

Does man live by water alone?

Man does not live by water alone.

Who can deny the fact?

No one can deny the fact.

• An affirmative question becomes a negative statement.

• A negative question becomes a positive statement.

(ii) Affirmative to Negative (–)

As soon as the students saw the teacher, they rushed to their class.
No sooner did the students see the teacher, than they rushed to their class.
He is a fast runner.
He is not a slow runner.
• Affirmative word is removed.
• Opposite of the key word is used.
• Change in key words—

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 Affirmative Negative
A few Not many
As soon as No sooner – than
Always never
All none
Everybody nobody
Everyone none

(iii) Transformation of Statement to Exclamatory sentence :

It is a very pleasant weather. (statement)
What a pleasant weather it is ! (exclamatory)
It is nice of you to help me. (statement)
How nice of you to help me ! (exclamatory)
• ‘Very’ is left out in exclamatory sentences.
• ‘Full stop’ is replaced by mark of exclamation.
• ‘What/how’ is placed in the beginning of sentence. (What is used with a Noun, where
as ‘How’ is used with an Adjective.)
• The words of exclamation like ‘oh’, ‘Ah’, ‘Alas’, ‘hurry’, etc. are used to express the
emotions.
Transformation from simple to complex:
(ii) By expanding a word or a phase into a noun clause—
I heard the news of his arrival.
I heard that he had arrived.
The news of his death made everyone sad.
The news that he had died made everyone sad.
(iii) By expanding a word or phrase into an Adjective clause.
An honest man needs no evidence.
A man who is honest needs no evidence.
The lady in the red dress was very smart.
The lady who was in the red dress was very smart.

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 Transformation of Sentences
From Active TO Passive Voice
Read these sentences carefully:
1. (a) The young people watch the IPL series in the stadium.
(b) The IPL series is watched by the young people in the stadium.
2. (a) the policeman has arrested the thief.
(b) The thief has been arrested by the policeman.
3. (a) My mother purchased a new car.
(b) A new car was purchased by my mother.
4. (a) The engineers will complete the project soon.
(b) The project will be completed by the engineers soon.
In the examples given above 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, are ACTIVE VOICE and 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b are
passive voice.

How to Change ACTIVE VOICE into PASSIVE VOICE

We can change a sentence from Active into Passive only if the sentence has a TRANSITIVE
verb that is, a verb that takes an OBJECT after it.
Step 1 – The object of the verb becomes Subject.
Step 2 – The Subject becomes Object (Agent)
Step 3 – The main verb is changed into PAST PARTICIPLE. (The third form of the
verb) and an appropriate form of the helping verb according to Tense in the Active
Voice.
Step 5 – The Modals also change as Modals +Be + third form of the Verb.
Active Voice:
My mother purchased a new car.
Subject Verb Object
Passive Voice:
a new car by My mother
Subject was purchased Object (Agent)

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 Step 4 – The Pronoun in the SUBJECT changes its form in OBJECT form. For
example:
SUBJECT Position OBJECT Position
I Me
He Him
She Her
They Them
We Us

Transformation of Sentences

Direction: Transform the following sentences into Passive Voice.

Question 1.
We should not encourage indiscipline.
Answer: Indiscipline should not be encouraged by us.
Question 2.
We will not admit children under ten.
Answer: Children under ten will not be admitted by us.
Question 3.
We must listen to our teachers.
Answer: Our teachers must be listened to by us.
Question 4.
The Mother looked after the boy
Answer: The boy was looked after by the mother.
Question 5.
He taught me how to read Persian.
Answer: I was taught how to read Persian by him.
Direction: Transform the following sentences in Active voice.
Question 6.
She was sent an invitation by them.

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Answer : They sent her an invitation.
Question 7.
You will be served lunch on the plane by the cabin crew.
Answer: The cabin crew will serve lunch to you on the plane.
Question 8.
He was fined Rs. 1000 by the police, for reckless driving.
Answer: The police fined him Rs. 1000 for reckless driving.
Question 9.
You will be told your results next week by the school.
Answer: The school will tell you your result next week.
Question 10.
Rashi was scolded by the teacher for not completing her assignment
Answer: The teacher scolded Rashi for not completing her assignment.

Direction: Transform the following into Interrogative sentences.

Question 11.
He has been living in Meerut since 2006
Answer: Has he been living in Meerut since 2006?
Question 12.
Everyone knows Tendulkar.
Answer: Who does not know Tendulkar?

Directions: Convert the following into Complex sentences

Question 13
With your permission, I will go away.
Answer: If you permit me, I will go away.
Question 14.
The guilt of your brother is now clear.
Answer: That your brother is guilty is now clear.

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 Exercise for Practice (Unsolved)
Direction: Change the sentence into a Simple sentence.
Q1. If you work hard, you will succeed.
Answer : You will succeed if you work hard.
Q2. Everyone knows that the earth is round.
Answer: It is known to everyone that the Earth is round.
Q3. Correctly change into positive sentence?
Rajdhani Express is the fastest train.
Answer: There is no other train as fast as Rajdhani Express.
Or
No other train is as fast as Rajdhani Express.
Q4. Transform the given sentence by removing too.
This tea is too hot for me.
Answer: This tea is so hot that I cannot take it.
Q5. Transform the given sentence into compound:
Coming to me, Anita delivered the letter.
Answer : Anita came to me and delivered the Letter.
Q6. Transform the given sentence into complex.
Buy one shirt and get one free.
Answer : If you buy one shirt, you get one free

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 REORDERING OF SENTENCES
Unjumbling of Words into Sentences or Rearranging/reordering of sentences is the process of
changing the order and position of words or parts of a sentence to form a complete sentence
which is meaningful. It is important to learn the sentence structure of English grammar.
TIPS & TECHNIQUES
i. First Step: Find the verb and see if it is singular or plural.
ii. Second Step: Find the subject and see if it is singular or plural.
iii. Third Step: If the subject is singular, then take the singular verb; if the subject is plural,
then take the plural verb.
*  emember, the subject of a sentence must be a noun/pronoun/noun phrase (groups
R
of words with a noun).
* If there is no subject, it might be an imperative sentence that starts with a main
verb.
* If the verb is in the third form and there is a “by” among the words, the sentence
can be in passive voice.
* If there is an auxiliary verb as well as main verb, then the auxiliary verb should
be followed by a main verb.
ILLUSTRATION:
i. passed/the/Ram/test.
Ram passed the test.
ii. they/old/locked/house/the.
They locked the old house.
iii. was/the/them/house/broken/restored/by.
The broken house was restored by them. (Noun phrase -The broken house)
iv. the/call/manager/soon.
Call the manager soon. (Imperative sentence)
iv. Fourth Step: Find the object of the sentence.
*  emember, the object of a sentence must be a noun/pronoun/noun phrase (groups
R
of words with a noun).

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ILLUSTRATION:
i. errors/have/the/they/solved.
They have solved the errors.
v. Fifth Step: Search for articles and adjectives. If there is an article then it will come
before a noun. If there is an adjective, it will also appear before a noun.
If there is an article as well as an adjective, then the structure will be - article+adjective
+noun.
ILLUSTRATION:
i. water/have/a/need/l/glass/of.
I need a glass of water. (Article ‘a’ before the noun ‘glass’)
ii. an/are/we/for/apartment/looking.
We are looking for an apartment. (Article ‘an’ before the noun ‘apartment”)
iii. market/Tesla/excellent/ an/has/global
Tesla has an excellent global market. (Article+adiective+noun)
vi. Sixth Step: Find the adverb. If there is an adverb, it can come at the beginning/middle/
end of a sentence. Adverbs ending in -ly are easily recognised.
ILLUSTRATION:
Her outfit showcased her personality delightfully.
She answered all the questions truthfully.
i. actually/l/busy/actually/am/very.
Actually, I am very busy (Beginning)
ii. fairly/has/me/always/he/treated.
He has always treated me fairly. (Ending)
iii. disciplined/the/firmly/teacher/the/students
The teacher firmly disciplined the students. (Middle)
vii. Seventh Step: Find the preposition. It comes before a noun or a pronoun and may
show place, direction, time, manner, cause, amount or number.

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ILLUSTRATION:
i. The/is/book/table/on/the.
The book is on the table. (‘on’ is a preposition that shows place)
ii. went/to/the/field/they.
They went to the field. (‘to’ is a preposition that shows direction)
iii. on/Rikta/Saturday/came.
Rikta came on Saturday. (‘on’ is a preposition that shows time)
iv. He/by/to/goes/school/bus.
He goes to school by bus. (‘by’ is a preposition that shows manner)
SENTENCE STRUCTURE
No 1. Affirmative Sentence: s + v + o.
i. Coffee/i/like
I like coffee.
No 2. Negative Sentence: s + v + not + o.
i. coffee/1/not/do/like
I do not like coffee.
No 3. Interrogative Sentence: Auxillary verb + s + v (base) + o? or begin with wh- a/are/
writing/you/letter/?
Are you writing a letter?
No 4. Exclamatory Sentence: How/what +adj+ s +v+! OR Alas!/Hurrah!+s+v+o. Examples:-
i, bird/beautiful/how/is/the/!
How beautiful the bird is!
have/game/the/we/Hurrah/won/
Hurrah! we have won the game.

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 Solved Exercise Reordering
Reorder the words or phrases given below to make meaningful sentences:
A1. is/fragrance/sandalwood/and/for/medicinal/properties/volued/its
(a) for its fragrance and medicinal properties sandalwood is valued.
(b) Sandalwood is valued for its fragrance and medicinal properties.
(c) Sandalwood is valued for its medicinal and fragrance properties.
(d) Its medicinal properties and fragrance for sandalwood is valued.

2. Sandalwood/world/most/cited/one/woods/the/as/often/is/of/expensive/in/the
(a) Sandalwood is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in the world.
(b) As in the world often one of the most cited expensive woods is sandalwood.
(c) As one of the most cited expensive woods in the world often is sandalwood.
(d) Sandalwood in the world is often cited as most one of the expensive wood.
B1. Hunting/one/boy/for/a/winter/went/morning
(a) One boy went for hunting a winter morning
(b) one winter morning a boy went for hunting.
(c) for hunting, one boy went a winter morning.
(d) A winter morning one boy for hunting went.
2. Snow/way/he/home/back/the/made/his/through
(a) He made his way back home through the snow.
(b) His way back home through the snow he made.
(c) Through the snow his way back home he made.
(d) Back home he made his way through the snow.
C1. Enthusiasm/celebrated/great/with/the/school/sports day/our.
(a) Our school celebrated with the great enthusiasm sports day.
(b) Our school celebrated the sports day with great enthusiasm.
(c) The sports day with great enthusiasm our school celebrated.
(d) The school celebrated with great enthusiasm our sport day.

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2. Function/arrangement/the/for/advance/made/in/many/were/days.
(a) Arrangements for the function many days in advance were made.
(b) For the function arrangements were made many days in advance.
(c) Arrangement for the function were made many days in advance.
(d) Many days in advance arrangements for the function were made.
D1. Value/television/a/educative/in/to/addition/has/great/entertainment.
(a) In addition to entertainment television has a great educative value.
(b) A great educative value television has in addition to entertainment.
(c) Entertainment television has a great educative value in addition to.
(d) Television has a great entertainment value in addition to educative.
2. Effective/lessons/the/taught/prove/through/television/very.
(a) Very effective lessons prove very effective through the television.
(b) The lessons taught through television prove very effective.
(c) The lessons prove very effective taught through television.
(d) Through television the lessons taught prove very effective.
E1. The/on/forests/the/industry/oil/depends
(a) The forests industry depends on the oil.
(b) The oil depends on the forests industry.
(c) The forests depends on the oil industry
(d) The oil industry depends on the forests.
2. Do/get/the/forests/from/what/we/products?
(a) Do we get products what from the foests?
(b) What products do we get from the forests?
(c) Do the forests products what we get from?
(d) What do we products get from the forest?

F1. Waste/incorrectly/consists/of/have been/litter/that/discarded/products.

(a) Litter consists of waste products that have been discarded incorrectly.

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 (b) Litter waste products that have been consists of discarded incorrectly.

(c) Waste products that have been consists of litter discarded incorrectly.

(d) Litter have been discarded incorrectly that consists of waste products.

2. Place/around/don’t littering/filthy/by/make/the

(a) By littering around don’t make the filthy place.

(b) The palace make filthy by don’t littering around.

(c) The place don’t’ make filthy by littering around.

(d) Don’t make the place filthy by littering around.

G1. the/sparrow/from/city/it/disappeared/house/has/seems/common/the/that.

(a) It seems that the sparrow has disappeared from the common city house.

(b) That the sparrow has disappeared from the city house it seems common.

(c) It seems that the common house sparrow has disappeared from the city

(d) It seems common that the city sparrow has disappeared from the house.

2. Factors/and/pollution/herbs/native/important/the/responsible/are/loss/shows/of/and

(a) The important factors responsible are pollution and loss of native herbs and
shrubs.

(b) The important factors responsible are loss of pollution and native herbs and
shrubs.

(c) Loss of pollution and native herbs and shrubs are the important factors responsible.

(d) The factors responsible are important pollution and loss of native herbs and
shrubs.

H1. Has a/range/Hyde park/wide/of/facilities

(a) Wide facilities has a range of Hyde part.

(b) Hyde park has a range of wide facilities.

(c) Hyde park has a wide range of facilities.

(d) Wide Hyde park has a range of facilities.

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2. Lake/is/for/the/popular/boating/and swimming.

(a) The lake is popular for boating and swimming.

(b) Swimming and boating is popular for the lake.
(c) Boating is popular and swimming for the lake.
(d) Boating and swimming is popular for the lake.

Answers

A. 1.(b) Sandalwood is valued for its fragrance and medicinal properties.

2. (a) Sandalwood is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in the world.
B. 1. (b) One winter morning, a boy went for hunting.
2. (a) He made his way back home through the snow.
C. 1. (b) Our school celebrated the sports day with great enthusiasm.
2. (c) Arrangements for the function were made many days in advance.
D. 1. (a) In addition to entertainment, television has a great educative value.
2. (b) The lessons taught through television prove very effective.
E. 1. (d) The oil industry depends on the forest.
2. (b) What products do we get from the forests?
F. 1. (a) Litter consist of waste products that have been discarded incorrectly.
2. (b) Don’t make the place fiflthy by littering around.
G. 1. (c) It seems that the common house sparrow has disappeared from the city
2. (a) The important factors responsible are pollution and loss of native herbs and
shrubs.
H. 1. (c) Hyde park has a wide range of facilities.
2. (a) The lake is popular for boating and swimming.

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 Grammar
Class XI
INTEGRATED GRAMMAR
Q. A Transform the following sentences as directed.
Change the voice
1. They are counting the votes.
2. Open the door.
3. Why did your brother write such a letter?
4. They are organizing an excursion.
5. That India stands for peace is a well-known fact.(Beginwith ‘it’)
6. Something is wrong with him. (Beginwith ‘there’)
7. There was nothing in the box. (use ‘hardly’)
8. He began to read the lesson. (use gerund instead of the infintive)
9. I will not help you in future. (use’going to’ construction)
10. The mother asked her daughter to tidy her room and she tidied her room. (Rewrite the
sentence avoiding the repetition of the underlined clause)
11. Trees were planted along road sides. This made the surroundings look greener. (combine
the sentence)
12. Economis are really a very tough subject. (correct the sentence)
13. Iron is the most useful of all metals. (change into comparative and positive degree)
14. Iam so tired that I cannot walk. (combine using ‘too’)
15. I prayed that he might recover. (change into simple sentence)
16. This book is very easy. They can read it (use ‘enough’)
17. Are there a lot of boys? Can they form a good cricket team? (Use ‘enough’)
18. “Do you find any difficulty in solving this problem, students?” asked the teacher.
(Reported speech)
Q. B Complete the passage below using the notes:
Police rescued three year old girl --- mother found her missing --- inform police -------
DSP Supervised probe ------ interviewed residents------interrogated suspect ------ Danny
admitted and disclosed hiding.
A three year old (a) .............................................last Tuesday. She had been kidnapped by a
neighbour for ransom. The mother informed the police about the missing girl. A probe (b) ..

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.................................. himself. More than 50 residents (c)................................... Ultimately,
Danny, one of the residents of the colony admitted the crime and discolosed where the girl
(d)...................................................
2. Read the sentences given below and complete the paragraph that follows:
a) Boys and girls heat the pieces of coloured glasses.
b) Their hands solder the glasses into the circles of bangles.
c) Then they put them into the tray of cold water.
Vandana had the opportunity to visit a bangle factory in Firozabad. She was surprised that
the pieces (a)............................................................................................ Then the glasses
(b)........................................................................................... After this the circles of
bangles(c)..................................................................................
3. Given below are instructions for making a dish. Read and complete the passage
theat follows:
a) Take a cup of water and boilit.
b) Once the water boils, add maggi noodles and tastemaker.
c) Stir it for three mintes and serve it hot.
A cup of water (a) ......................................... and is keept to boil. To the boiling water, maggi
and tastemaker (b)....................................it (c)............................................... and (d) ........
.............................................

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