4.1 Ordering decimals DECIMAL NUMBER LINES Between any two numbers there are always more numbers. Use the widget from this lesson to help find more decimals on a number line. TASK 1 Decimals between decimals 1 The number line below shows that 1.6 lies between | and 2. On this number line, dot and label three more decimal numbers between | and 2. 1 16 2 2 The number line below shows that 1.63 lies between 1.6 and 1.7. On the number line, dot and label three more decimal numbers between 1.6 and 1.7. HH HF 16 1.63 17 3 The number line below shows that 1.638 lies between 1.63 and 1.64. On the number line, dot and label three more decimal numbers between 1.63 and 1.64. —— FH FTF 1.63 1.638 1.64 TASK 2 Challenge a friend On the number lines below, write a decimal number in each space and challenge a friend to fill in three numbers between them. —_—t HH HSE Ht HH HF HSE4.2 Adding and subtracting decimals DECIMAL SUBTRACTION IN COLUMNS TASK 1 Set out subtractions Set out these calculations in columns and complete them using any correct method. The first one has been set out for you. It is helpful to estimate your answers before calculating. 1) 1.2-0.045 2 16.3-8.024 3 1245-76 1.200 = 0.045 4 13.07-8.931 5 5-0.049 TASK 2 Subtraction puzzles 1 Use your number skills to find the missing digits. a b c d e 9. 85 8. 4 7.63 -08 6.04 -U32 — _.386 -49 -5.4 7 -5..29 3.4.1 2.11 39 3.46 0.414 f g h i i 1._07 17.8 5_.60 13.56 148.6 — 23.86 -13. 68 -_|5. 41 - 715i S -3.4 1.0 4.77 33.060 -7_4 39.27 2+ Create a puzzle of your own then give it to a friend to solve. Make sure you write the solution out first so you can check your friend’s working.4.2 Adding and subtracting decimals DECIMAL SITUATIONS TASK 1 Round, estimate, calculate For each problem, round each amount to the nearest whole number and then estimate the total. Calculate the exact amount and compare it to your estimate. 1 Jeremy went on a trip where he travelled 3.7 km by bus, 11.1 km by train and 5.8 km by ferry. How far did he travel altogether? & Round: Bus Train Ferry Estimate total: Exact total: 2 Mr Riggs needs some lengths of rope: 15.25 m for his boat, 6.9 m for camping and 7.75 m for abseiling. What is the total length of rope he needs? Round: Estimate total: Exact total: 3. For lunch, Rhiannon bought a salad wrap for $3.95, a drink for $1.75, an apple for 95c and some sweets for $1.10. How much did her lunch cost? Round: Estimate total: Exact total: CHALLENGE Decimal posers 1 Tiarne placed a bag of grapes on a set of scales. The grapes weighed 1.86 kg. Jya added his bag of grapes and the reading on the scales was then 4.12 kg. If Tiare removed her grapes, what would the reading on the scales then be? =a 2 The temperature at 10 am was 29.9°C. It rose by half a degree each hour for the next 3 hours. What was the temperature at | pm?BRIDGE WHICH ESTIMATE? 4.2 Adding and subtracting decimals TASK 1 Estimates without a calculator Round each number in these calculations to the given degrees of accuracy then calculate an estimate, You may need to adjust your rounding to find an estimate without using a calculator. 65.3x(5.6° - 6.15) 406.09 — 30.45 x 3.8952 To nearest whole number To | significant figure To the nearest 5 To the nearest 10 To nearest whole number To | significant figure To the nearest 5 To the nearest 10 0.432 x 8,047? To nearest whole number 1.04 To | significant figure To the nearest 5 To the nearest 10 299.5 x 48.6 To nearest whole number 306.8-9.16 To | significant figure To the nearest 5 To the nearest 10TASK 2 4.2 Adding and subtracting decimals Choose the best estimate For each of the questions in task 1 * Calculate the exact answer. * Decide which level of accuracy was the most sensible to use to quickly achieve a good estimate. 65.3x(5.6° — 6.15) 406.09 —30.45 x 3.8952 To nearest whole number To | significant figure To the nearest 5 ‘To the nearest 10 To nearest whole number To | significant figure To the nearest 5 To the nearest 10 0.432x8,047 To nearest whole number 1.04 To | significant figure To the nearest 5 To the nearest 10 299.5 x 48.6 To nearest whole number 306.8 -9.16 To | significant figure To the nearest 5 To the nearest 104.2 Adding and subtracting decimals DECIMAL SUBTRACTION STORIES TASK 1 Round, estimate, calculate For each problem, round each amount to the nearest whole number and then estimate the answer. Calculate the exact amount and compare it to your estimate. 1 In Sydney, on 18 January 2013, the maximum temperature was 45. 8°C and the minimum temperature was 21.7°C. What was the range in temperature that day? Round: Maximum Minimum 9 &. on Estimate difference: Exact difference: 2 Gary wants to replace the panel on the side of a cupboard which is 1.82 m high. He has a panel the same width but it is 3.2 m long. How much does he need to cut off? Round: Estimate difference: Exact difference: 3 Matt bought a pie for $4.95 and a drink for $2.70, How much change did he get from $20? Round: Estimate change: a Exact change: ~~ eae = CHALLENGE How much more? 1 Linda needs to measure exactly 2.845 L of a liquid substance for a science experiment but she only has 1.05 L. How much more does she need? te 2. Satya walked 6.85 km on Saturday and 2.201 km on Sunday morning. How much further does he need to walk on Sunday afternoon to reach his weekend target of 10 km?BRIDGE z= 4.2 Adding and subtracting decimals MAKING IT ALL ADD UP TASK 1 Estimate and calculate decimal totals 1 Quickly estimate the answers for the addition sentences below. a 08+0.7 b 04+03 ec 0.9+0.2 d 0.218 + 0.64 e 0.578 +0.3 f 0.6 +0.748 g 0.09 + 0.008 h 0.88 + 0.13 2 Now use mental or written strategies to calculate the totals for each addition. 3. How did the estimates help you when calculating the sums? TASK 2 Missing digits puzzles 1 Use your calculation skills to find the missing digits. a b c d e 4.8[] 0.72 7.43.1] 3.715 +.79 +2.0() +(187 +49 C15 8 9! jo2 Lj 105 f g h i 70 2.00, 6.0.4 4.52.) 13.06] | [1.008 | 23 0.137 + 16 + 6.00) | + Ole] | + 7f4 (9.064 | 12/82 | 30.452) 21.411 2° Write a puzzle of your own and give it to a friend to solve. Make sure you write out the solution first so you can check your friend’s working.4.3 Multiplying decimals SIZING IT UP When multiplying decimals, you can check the size of your answer by thinking about the size of the numbers in the problem. TASK 1 How big is the answer? 17 x 62 = 1054 Use this answer to find the following products. 117% 62= 2 17x62= 3 17 0.062= TASK 2 The 14 times table 14x 1=14 14x 2=28 14x3=42 14x 4=56 14x 5=70 Use the 14 times table to circle the correct answer to each problem below. 1 The answer to 14 = 0.9 will be: 2 Which of these will be between 42 and 56? a more than 14 a 14*16 b equal to 14 b 14x23 ¢ less than 14 © 14*37 3 Which of these would be closest to 28? 4 Which is most likely the answer to 14 = 4.1? a 14x19 a 574 b 14x25 b 61 e 14x 2.75 ce 69 EXTENSION Multiply by 2-digit whole numbers: 41.3 21= Find the following products showing the strategy you used. Make an estimate first. 1 2.51% 44 Estimate: 413 « 21 splits into 413 x 20 = 8260 and 413 «1 0° ‘There is 1 decimal place in the question so there will be 1 in the answer: 867.3 2 31.06 x 52 Estimate:4.3 Multiplying decimals PRODUCT PROBLEMS 1 Josh walks to school and back home three days per week. His pedometer shows that the distance between school and home is 1.39 kilometres. What is the total distance he walks? 2 9 students were each given a 0.375 L water bottle. The students were asked to fill their bottles from a large 3.5 L jug. Was there enough water for every student to have a full bottle? 3° Mia built a rectangular garden 3.7 metres wide by 8 metres long. She bought six trays of seedlings for a cost of $12.49 a tray. She then cut five pieces of string each 3.7 metres long, to mark off rows for planting seedlings. Calculate the area of Mia’s garden, the cost of the seedlings and the total length of string she used.4.3 Multiplying decimals WHERE'S THE POINT? Find a rule for multiplying decimals by using a calculator to explore the answers to different problems. TASK 1 2*4=8 1 Use a calculator to find the answers to these multiplications. a 2x04= b 2 0.04= c¢ 20,0004 2 Predict the answers to these multiplications then use a calculator to check your answers. a 2x 0.004= b 2 0.000004 = TASK 2 3x6 =18 1 Use a calculator to find the answers to these multiplications. a 3x06= b 3x 0.06= © 3 0.00006 = 2 Predict the answers to these multiplications then use a calculator to check your answers. a 3x 0,006 = b 3 0,000006 = TASK 3 58 =40.... Where does the zero go? 1 Use a calculator to find the answers to these multiplications. a 5x08= b 5 0.08= © 5x 0,000008 = 2 Predict the answers to these multiplications then use a calculator to check your answers. a 5x 0.008 = b 5x 0,00008 = TASK 4 Conclusion Describe what you have discovered about multiplying decimals by whole numbers. Discuss your findings with a classmate or your teacher.4.4 Dividing decimals DIVIDING DECIMAL NUMBERS TASK 1 Division Complete these divisions. Check your answers using estimation. 1 34.4672 2 16836 3 156+5 4 00943 5 24+4= 6 12.7447 7 283.689 8 993.728 TASK 2 Reversing division to check an answer Use a multiplication to check each answer below. Tick all correct answers. If an answer is incorrect, work out the correct answer. 6 65.5 5A 1 9.36+3=3.12 2 6)33.6 3 5)328.54.5 Making decimal calculations easier MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING DECIMALS TASK 1 Multiplying Complete by writing the decimal as an equivalent fraction. 47x + 100 b 84x005 = =| + 100 =| + 100 a 47* 0.02 © 72x07 Tax + 10 d 95%008 = 95x + e 184«0.9 = 184% + f 37x04 = 37x +MBRIDGE Ei 4.5 Making decimal calculations easier TASK 2 Dividing Complete by dividing by the appropriate power of 10. a 360+30 360 + 10 b 340020 3400 + 10 30 = 10 20° = «+10 - 36 - => =—_ © 98+20 d 546+300 “s = e 14+70 f 84+ 400