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Bell Mann Ford Algorithm

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22 views1 page

Bell Mann Ford Algorithm

cs

Uploaded by

arunaineural
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Imagine you have a map with different cities connected by roads, each road having a

certain distance. The Bellman–Ford algorithm is like a guide that helps you find the
shortest path from one city to all other cities, even if some roads have negative lengths.
It’s like a GPS for computers, useful for figuring out the quickest way to get from one point
to another in a network. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at how this algorithm works
and why it’s so handy in solving everyday problems.

Bellman-Ford Algorithm
Bellman-Ford is a single source shortest path algorithm that determines the shortest
path between a given source vertex and every other vertex in a graph. This algorithm can
be used on both weighted and unweighted graphs.

A Bellman-Ford algorithm is also guaranteed to find the shortest path in a graph, similar
to Dijkstra’s algorithm . Although Bellman-Ford is slower than Dijkstra’s algorithm, it is
capable of handling graphs with negative edge weights, which makes it more versatile.
The shortest path cannot be found if there exists a negative cycle in the graph. If we
continue to go around the negative cycle an infinite number of times, then the cost of the
path will continue to decrease (even though the length of the path is increasing). As a
result, Bellman-Ford is also capable of detecting negative cycles, which is an important
feature.
The idea behind Bellman Ford Algorithm:
The Bellman-Ford algorithm’s primary principle is that it starts with a single source and
calculates the distance to each node. The distance is initially unknown and assumed to be
infinite, but as time goes on, the algorithm relaxes those paths by identifying a few shorter
paths. Hence it is said that Bellman-Ford is based on “Principle of Relaxation“.

Principle of Relaxation of Edges for Bellman-Ford:


 It states that for the graph having N vertices, all the edges should be relaxed N-
1 times to compute the single source shortest path.
 In order to detect whether a negative cycle exists or not, relax all the edge one
more time and if the shortest distance for any node reduces then we can say that a
negative cycle exists. In short if we relax the edges N times, and there is any change in
the shortest distance of any node between the N-1th and Nth relaxation than a
negative cycle exists, otherwise not exist.

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