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Jason Rodriguez ME 433 Design Project

Report of heat transfer design project

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Jason Rodriguez ME 433 Design Project

Report of heat transfer design project

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Jason Rodriguez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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‭Name: Jason Rodriguez‬

‭The City College of New York‬


‭Mechanical Engineering‬
‭ME 433: Heat Transfer Design‬
‭Project‬
‭Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger‬
‭Professor: Zeev Dagan‬
‭Due: 5/14/2024‬
‭Problem Statement:‬
‭A shell-and-tube heat exchanger is to be constructed with 1-in. 12-gage tubes. The‬
‭cold fluid, flowing in the tubes, is water flowing at the of‬‭18‬, ‭000‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑔‬‭/‬‭ℎ‬‭and is to be‬
‭heated from‬‭35°‬‭𝐶‬‭to‬‭65°‬‭𝐶‭.‬ The hot shell fluid is also water flowing at a rate of‬
‭12‬, ‭800‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑔‬‭/‬‭ℎ‭,‬ entering at‬‭100°‬‭𝐶‬‭. The tube water flows at an average velocity of‬‭0‬. ‭3‬‭‬‭𝑚‬‭/‬‭𝑠‬
‭2‬
‭and the overall heat transfer coefficient is‬‭1‬, ‭600‬‭‬‭𝑊‬‭/‬‭𝑚‬ − ‭°‬‭𝐶‬‭. For simplicity assume that‬
‭the specific heat of each fluid is‬‭4‬. ‭18‬‭‬‭𝑘𝐽‬‭/‬‭𝑘𝑔‬ − ‭°‬‭𝐶‭.‬ Determine the number of tubes per‬
‭pass, and the required length of the tubes – examining various tube-pass possibilities but‬
‭limiting the design to one shell pass.‬
‭Observations:‬
‭A heat exchanger is supposed to be designed with a 1-inch diameter and 12 gauge‬
‭tubes. This heat exchanger is supposed to heat water from its initial temperature of‬‭35°‬‭𝐶‬
‭to‬‭65°‬‭𝐶‭.‬ There is hot shell fluid that is said to be entering at a flow rate of‬‭12‬, ‭800‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑔‬‭/‬‭ℎ‬‭at‬
‭a temperature of‬‭100°‬‭𝐶‭.‬‬
‭Design Constraints:‬
‭The design of the heat exchanger must satisfy the conditions that are stated. With a‬
‭1-inch diameter and 12 gauge tubes, the heat exchanger must heat the cold fluid from its‬
‭initial temperature of‬‭35°‬‭𝐶‬‭to‬‭65°‬‭𝐶‭.‬ Both of the fluids have different flow rates at which‬
‭they enter. The design is limited to one shell pass.‬
‭Design Concept:‬

‭Figure 1: Double Pipe Heat Exchanger‬


‭Figure 1 demonstrates a simple version of a heat exchanger. The heat capacity of‬
‭water remains the same regardless of changes in temperature from the beginning.‬
‭Problem Definition:‬
‭To find the tubes per pass and the required length of the tubes, the NTU method‬
‭would have to be used since this is considered to be a design problem.‬
‭Solution Plan:‬
‭●‬ ‭First, find the heat transfer rate for both fluids using the formula‬
‭𝑞‬ = ‭ṁ‬‭𝑐‬ · ‭𝑐‬‭𝑝‬,‭𝑐(‭
𝑇‬ − ‭𝑇‬‭𝑐𝑖‬) = ‭ṁ‬‭ℎ‬ · ‭𝑐‬‭𝑝‬,‭ℎ‬(‭𝑇‬‭ℎ𝑖‬ − ‭𝑇‬‭ℎ𝑜‬)
‬ ‭𝑐𝑜‬

‭𝑇‭1‬ −‭𝑇‬‭2‬
‭●‬ ‭Next, use the‬‭LMTD‬‭method:‬∆‭𝑇‬‭𝑙𝑚‬ = ‬
∆‭𝑇‬
‭𝑙𝑛‬∆‭𝑇‬‭1‬
‭2‬

‭●‬ ‭Then calculate the ratio of‬‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬‭‭𝑎


‬
𝑛𝑑‬‭‬‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑎𝑥‬

‭●‬ ‭After, calculate the area‬


‭●‬ ‭Finally, use the NTU method to find the length and to find the number of tubes‬
‭needed.‬
‭Plan Execution:‬
‭Assumptions:‬
‭●‬ ‭Constant heat transfer coefficient‬
‭●‬ ‭Steady state and laminar flow‬
‭●‬ ‭Constant fluid flow rates‬
‭●‬ ‭1-inch diameter‬
‭●‬ ‭Effective length per pass for tubes is assumed to be 3 meters.‬
‭●‬ ‭No radiation‬
‭●‬ ‭No heat generation‬
‭●‬ ‭Specific heat is the same for both fluids‬
‭Analysis:‬
‭●‬ ‭𝑞‬ = ‭ṁ‬‭𝑐‬ · ‭𝑐‬‭𝑝‬,‭𝑐(‭
𝑇‬ − ‭𝑇‬‭𝑐𝑖‬) = ‭ṁ‬‭ℎ‬ · ‭𝑐‬‭𝑝‬,‭ℎ‬(‭𝑇‬‭ℎ𝑖‬ − ‭𝑇‬‭ℎ𝑜‬)
‬ ‭𝑐𝑜‬
‭𝑇‭1‬ −‭𝑇‬‭2‬
‭●‬ ∆‭𝑇‬‭𝑙𝑚‬ = ‬
∆‭𝑇‬
‭𝑙𝑛‬∆‭𝑇‬‭1‬
‭2‬

‭●‬ ‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬ = ‭ṁ‬‭ℎ‬ · ‭𝑐‬‭𝑝‬,‭ℎ‬

‭●‬ ‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑎𝑥‬ = ‭ṁ‬‭𝑐‬ · ‭𝑐‬‭𝑝‬,‭𝑐‬


‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬
‭●‬ ‭𝐶‬‭𝑟‬ = ‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑎𝑥‬

‭𝑞‬
‭●‬ ‭𝐴‬‭𝑜‬ = ‭𝑈‬‭𝑜∆‭ 𝑇‬
‬ ‭𝑙𝑚‬

‭𝑈‬‭𝑜‬‭𝐴‬‭𝑜‬
‭●‬ ‭𝑁𝑇𝑈‬‭𝑓𝑜𝑟‬‭𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒‬‭𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠‬: ‭‬‭𝑁𝑇𝑈‬ = ‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬
‭‬

‭●‬ ‭𝑁‬ = ‭𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑠‬


‭●‬ ‭𝑛‬ = ‭𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠‬
‭𝐶‬
‭●‬ ‭𝐿‬ = ‭𝑁𝑇𝑈‬ × ( ‭𝑈‬ π·‭
‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬
𝐷‬
)
‭𝑜‬ ‭𝑜‬

‭Computations:‬
‭𝑞‬ = ‭ṁ‬‭𝑐‬ · ‭𝑐‬‭𝑝‬,‭𝑐(‭
𝑇‬ − ‭𝑇‬‭𝑐𝑖‬) = ‭ṁ‬‭ℎ‬ · ‭𝑐‬‭𝑝‬,‭ℎ‬(‭𝑇‬‭ℎ𝑖‬ − ‭𝑇‬‭ℎ𝑜‬)
‬ ‭𝑐𝑜‬

‭ṁ‬‭ℎ‬ = ‭12‬, ‭800‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑔‬‭/‬‭ℎ‬‭‬ = ‭3‬. ‭56‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑔‬‭/‬‭𝑠‬

‭ṁ‬‭𝑐‬ = ‭18‬, ‭000‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑔‬‭/‬‭ℎ‬‭‬ = ‭5‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑔‬‭/‬‭𝑠‬

‭𝑞‬ = ‭5‬ · ‭4.‬ ‭18‬(‭65‬ − ‭35‬) = ‭627‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑊‬


‭627‬
‭𝑇‬‭ℎ𝑜‬ = ‭100‬ − ‭3‬.‭56‬·‭4‬.‭18‬
= ‭57‬. ‭87°‬‭𝐶‬

∆‭𝑇‬‭1‬ = ‭𝑇‬‭ℎ𝑖‬ − ‭𝑇‬‭𝑐𝑜‬

∆‭𝑇‬‭1‬ = ‭100‬ − ‭65‬ = ‭35°‬‭𝐶‬

∆‭𝑇‬‭2‬ = ‭𝑇‬‭ℎ𝑜‬ − ‭𝑇‬‭𝑐𝑖‬

∆‭𝑇‬‭1‬ = ‭57‬. ‭87‬ − ‭35‬ = ‭22‬. ‭87°‬‭𝐶‬


‭𝑇‭1‬ −‭
‬
𝑇‬‭2‬
∆‭𝑇‬‭𝑙𝑚‬ = ∆‭𝑇‬
‭𝑙𝑛‬∆‭𝑇‬‭1‬
‭2‬
‭35‬−‭22‬.‭87‬
∆‭𝑇‬‭𝑙𝑚‬ = ‭35‬ = ‭28‬. ‭51°‬‭𝐶‬
‭𝑙𝑛‬‭22‬.‭87‬

‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬ = ‭ṁ‬‭ℎ‬ · ‭𝑐‬‭𝑝‬,‭ℎ‬

‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬ = ‭3.‬ ‭56‬ · ‭4‬. ‭18‬ = ‭14‬. ‭88‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑊‬‭/°‬‭𝐶‬

‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑎𝑥‬ = ‭ṁ‬‭𝑐‬ · ‭𝑐‬‭𝑝‬,‭𝑐‬

‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑎𝑥‬ = ‭5‬ · ‭4‬. ‭18‬ = ‭20‬. ‭9‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑊‬‭/°‬‭𝐶‬


‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬
‭𝐶‬‭𝑟‬ = ‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑎𝑥‬

‭14‬.‭88‬
‭𝐶‬‭𝑟‬ = ‭20‬.‭9‬
= ‭0‬. ‭712‬
‭𝑞‬
‭𝐴‬‭𝑜‬ = ‭𝑈‬‭𝑜∆‭ 𝑇‬
‬ ‭𝑙𝑚‬

‭𝑞‬ = ‭627‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑊‬ = ‭627‬, ‭000‬‭‬‭𝑊‬


‭ 27‬,‭000‬
6 ‭2‬
‭𝐴‬‭𝑜‬ = ‭1600‬·‭28‬.‭51‬
= ‭13‬. ‭745‬‭‬‭𝑚‬
‭𝑈‬‭𝑜‬‭𝐴‬‭𝑜‬
‭𝑁𝑇𝑈‬ = ‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬

‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭𝑈‬‭𝑜‬ = ‭1‬, ‭600‬‭‬‭𝑊‬‭/‬‭𝑚‬ − ‭°‬‭𝐶‬ = ‭1‬. ‭6‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑊‬‭/‬‭𝑚‬ − ‭°‬‭𝐶‬
‭1‬.‭6‬·‭13‬.‭745‬
‭𝑁𝑇𝑈‬ = ‭14‬.‭88‬
= ‭1‬. ‭478‬
‭𝑁𝑇𝑈‬·‭𝐶‬‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬
‭𝑁‬ = ‭𝑈‬‭𝑜‬π‭𝐷‬‭𝑜‭𝑛 ‬·‭3‬
‬

‭1‬.‭478‬·‭14‬.‭88‬
‭𝑁‬ = ‭1‬.‭6‬π·‭0‬.‭0254‬·‭3‬
= ‭58‬‭‬‭𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑠‬
‭1‬.‭478‬·‭14‬.‭88‬
‭𝑁‬ = ‭1‬.‭6‬π·‭0‬.‭0254‬·‭2‬·‭3‬
= ‭29‬‭‬‭𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑠‬
‭1‬.‭478‬·‭14‬.‭88‬
‭𝑁‬ = ‭1‬.‭6‬π·‭0‬.‭0254‬·‭3‬·‭3‬
= ‭19‬‭‬‭𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑠‬

‭𝑚𝑖𝑛‬
‭𝐶‬
‭𝐿‬ = ‭𝑁𝑇𝑈‬ × ( ‭𝑈‬ π·‭𝐷‬
)
‭𝑜‬ ‭𝑜‬

‭14‬.‭88‬
‭𝐿‬ = ‭1‬. ‭478‬ × ( ‭1‬.‭6‬π·‭0‬.‭0254‬ ) = ‭172‬. ‭3‬
‭Checking:‬
‭As seen in the calculations, there’s 58 tubes that‬‭have a length of 3 meters long‬
‭when 1 tube path was chosen. It was decided that there are around 57 more tubes that are‬
‭needed. The total length would come out to 172.3 meters.‬
‭Final Design:‬
‭Design specifications:‬
‭Total length = 172.3 meters‬
‭Length of each tube = 3 meters‬
‭Diameter = 1 inch‬
‭Number of tubes = 57‬
‭Testing:‬
‭While designing this heat exchanger model, there were some assumptions that had‬
‭to be taken into consideration to satisfy the needs of the design. If a bigger tube diameter‬
‭was given, this would’ve made the design more of higher quality because a shorter tube‬
‭length would be used and this would make it more cost-effective. It’s crucial to test this‬
‭heat exchanger design to make sure that it performs at its best and provides meaningful‬
‭results.‬
‭References:‬
‭[1] ME 43300 Heat Exchangers HW #11 Solutions‬
‭[2] ME 43300 Heat exchangers-BB.pdf‬
‭[3] ME 43300-F22-Design Projects.docx‬

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