Question 10:

% Define matrix B
B = [[-5, 0, 4, 0, 1, 0];
[0, -3, 0, -2.5, 0, 5.5];
[-3, -5, -2.5, 4, 5.5, 1]] / 24.5;
% Define matrix D
D = 101.01 * [1, 0.1, 0;
0.1, 1, 0;
0, 0, 0.45];
% Define parameters
A = 24.5;
t = 1;
% Calculate k
k = B'*D*B*A*t;
% Display matrix k
disp('Matrix k:')
disp(k)
Matrix k:

119.7690 34.0136 -68.5425 -17.1099 -51.2265 -16.9037

34.0136 83.4879 18.2436 -6.1843 -52.2572 -77.3036
-68.5425 18.2436 77.5612 -22.6757 -9.0188 4.4321
-17.1099 -6.1843 -22.6757 55.4524 39.7856 -49.2681
-51.2265 -52.2572 -9.0188 39.7856 60.2453 12.4716
-16.9037 -77.3036 4.4321 -49.2681 12.4716 126.5717

1. Modified plot for Vertical Displacement

%========================================
% Preprocess
%========================================

NElem = 20; % Number of elements

NP = 18; % Number of nodes

E = ones(1,NElem)*30e6; % Young's modulus in psi

v = ones(1,NElem)*0.3; % Poisson's Ratio
t = ones(1,NElem)*1; % Thickness of each element in inches

% Coordinates (x, y) for each node

coor = [0 0; 20 0; 20 9; 11 9; 0 4.5; ...
% ... (add coordinates for all nodes) ...
];
% Connectivity (node indices for each element)
con = [1 2 3; 3 4 5; ...
% ... (add connectivity for all elements) ...
];
% Degree of freedom mapping for each node
np2dof = zeros(NP,2);
for ii = 1:NP
np2dof(ii,:) = [2*(ii-1)+1, 2*(ii-1)+2];
end
BCs = zeros(NP*2,2); % Boundary conditions
BCs(np2dof(1,1),:) = [1 0];
BCs(np2dof(1,2),:) = [1 0];

% Plotting using patch command

close all
figure(1)
xdata = reshape(coor(con(:,:),1),NElem,3)';
ydata = reshape(coor(con(:,:),2),NElem,3)';
zdata = ydata*0 + 1;
patch(xdata,ydata,zdata,'FaceColor','none')
axis equal
title('Original Mesh')

% Force vector
fv = zeros(NElem,2); % Force per unit of volume (column 1 corresponds to x-direction)
F = zeros(2*NP,1);
F(np2dof(5,1)) = 120000; % Apply load of 120,000 lb/in at node 5 in x-direction

%=======================================
% Processing
%=======================================

K = zeros(2*NP,2*NP); % Global stiffness matrix

Ae = zeros(NElem,1); % Element areas

for ii = 1:NElem
nodeIndices = con(ii,:);
coords = coor(nodeIndices, :);

x13 = coords(1,1) - coords(3,1);

x21 = coords(2,1) - coords(1,1);
x32 = coords(3,1) - coords(2,1);
y31 = coords(3,2) - coords(1,2);
y23 = coords(2,2) - coords(3,2);
y12 = coords(1,2) - coords(2,2);

J = [x13 y13; x23 y23];

detJ = det(J);
J_hat = zeros(4,4);
J_hat(1:2,1:2) = inv(J);
J_hat(3:4,3:4) = inv(J);

G = [1 0 0; 0 1 0; 0 0 1];
A = 1/detJ * [y23 0; 0 x32; x32 y23];
B = A * J_hat * G;

D = E(ii)/(1-v(ii)^2) * [1 v(ii) 0; v(ii) 1 0; 0 0 (1-v(ii))/2];

Ae(ii) = detJ / 2;

kel = Ae(ii) * t(ii) * B' * D * B;

 fel = Ae(ii) * t(ii) / 3 * [1 0; 0 1; 1 0; 0 1; 1 0; 0 1] * fv(ii,:)';

ind = [np2dof(nodeIndices(1),:) np2dof(nodeIndices(2),:) np2dof(nodeIndices(3),:)];

K(ind,ind) = K(ind,ind) + kel;
F(ind) = F(ind) + fel;
end

% Applying boundary conditions

C = max(abs(K(:)))*1e4;
for ii = 1:2*NP
if BCs(ii,1) == 1
K(ii,ii) = K(ii,ii) + C;
F(ii) = F(ii) + BCs(ii,2) * C;
end
end

% Solve for displacements

Q = K\F;

% Output the horizontal displacement at the bottom-left node

disp_bottom_left = Q(1);
fprintf('Horizontal displacement at the bottom-left node: %.5f inches\n', disp_bottom_left);

%=============================================
% Post-processing
%=============================================

% Calculate deformed coordinates (original coordinates + nodal displacements)

SF = 1; % Scale factor for visualization purposes
coor2 = coor*0;
for ii = 1:NP
coor2(ii,:) = coor(ii,:) + [Q(np2dof(ii,1)) Q(np2dof(ii,2))]*SF;
end

% Plotting original and deformed meshes using patch command

close all
figure(2)
xdata = reshape(coor(con(:,:),1),NElem,3)';
ydata = reshape(coor(con(:,:),2),NElem,3)';
zdata = ydata*0 + 1;
patch(xdata,ydata,zdata,'FaceColor','none')
axis equal
title('Original Mesh')

hold on
xdata2 = reshape(coor2(con(:,:),1),NElem,3)';
ydata2 = reshape(coor2(con(:,:),2),NElem,3)';
zdata = ydata*0 + 1;
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','none','EdgeColor',[1 0 0])
axis equal
title('Deformed Mesh')
legend ('Original','Deformed')

% Plot displacement map

figure(3)
cdata = reshape(Q(np2dof(con(:,:),2)),NElem,3)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the
value of the displacement
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','interp','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','s
caled')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Vertical Displacements')
colorbar

% Calculate strain and stress

stress = zeros(3,NElem);
strain = zeros(3,NElem);
Ae = zeros(NElem,1);
for ii = 1:NElem
nodeIndices = con(ii,:);
coords = coor(nodeIndices, :);

x13 = coords(1,1) - coords(3,1);

x21 = coords(2,1) - coords(1,1);
x32 = coords(3,1) - coords(2,1);
y31 = coords(3,2) - coords(1,2);
y23 = coords(2,2) - coords(3,2);
y12 = coords(1,2) - coords(2,2);

J = [x13 y13; x23 y23];

detJ = det(J);

B = 1/detJ * [y23 0 y31 0 y12 0; 0 x32 0 x13 0 x21; x32 y23 x13 y31 x21 y12];
D = E(ii)/(1-v(ii)^2) * [1 v(ii) 0; v(ii) 1 0; 0 0 (1-v(ii))/2];

ind = [np2dof(nodeIndices(1),:) np2dof(nodeIndices(2),:) np2dof(nodeIndices(3),:)];

strain(:,ii) = B * Q(ind);
stress(:,ii) = D * strain(:,ii);
Ae(ii) = detJ / 2;
end
% Plotting stresses as a color map
figure(4)
subplot(2,3,1)
cdata = stress(1,:)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value of the stress
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','scal
ed')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Sxx stress')
colorbar

subplot(2,3,2)
cdata = stress(2,:)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value of the stress
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','scal
ed')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Syy stress')
colorbar

subplot(2,3,3)
cdata = stress(3,:)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value of the stress
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','scal
ed')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Txy stress')
colorbar

subplot(2,3,4)
cdata = strain(1,:)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value of the strain
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','scal
ed')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Exx strain')
colorbar

subplot(2,3,5)
cdata = strain(2,:)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value of the strain
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','scal
ed')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Eyy strain')
colorbar

subplot(2,3,6)
cdata = strain(3,:)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value of the strain
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','scal
ed')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Gxy strain')
colorbar

% Calculate nodal values of stress and strain and plot them the same way as the displacement
W = zeros(NP,NP);
R = zeros(NP,6);

for ii = 1:NElem
We = Ae(ii)/12*[2 1 1;1 2 1;1 1 2];
 Re = Ae(ii)/3*[1;1;1]*[strain(:,ii)' stress(:,ii)'];
W(con(ii,:),con(ii,:)) = W(con(ii,:),con(ii,:)) + We;
R(con(ii,:),:) = R(con(ii,:),:) + Re;
end

EandS = inv(W)*R;

figure(5)
subplot(2,3,1)
cdata = reshape(EandS(con(:),4),NElem,3)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value
of the stress
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','interp','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','s
caled')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Sxx stress')
colorbar

subplot(2,3,2)
cdata = reshape(EandS(con(:),5),NElem,3)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value
of the stress
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','interp','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','s
caled')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Syy stress')
colorbar

subplot(2,3,3)
cdata = reshape(EandS(con(:),6),NElem,3)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value
of the stress
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','interp','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','s
caled')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Txy stress')
colorbar

subplot(2,3,4)
cdata = reshape(EandS(con(:),1),NElem,3)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value
of the strain
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','interp','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','s
caled')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Exx strain')
colorbar

subplot(2,3,5)
cdata = reshape(EandS(con(:),2),NElem,3)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value
of the strain
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','interp','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','s
caled')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Eyy strain')
colorbar

subplot(2,3,6)
cdata = reshape(EandS(con(:),3),NElem,3)'; % Matlab will assign a color based on the value
of the strain
patch(xdata2,ydata2,zdata,'FaceColor','interp','EdgeColor','k','CData',cdata,'CDataMapping','s
caled')
set(gca,'CLim',[min(cdata(:)) max(cdata(:))])
axis equal
title ('Gxy strain')
colorbar

2. Solution:
% Define the node coordinates
nodes = [0, 0; 29, 0; 29, 9; 9, 9; 0, 4.5];

% Define the connectivity of the elements

elements = [1, 2, 5; 2, 3, 5; 3, 4, 5; 4, 1, 5];

% Material properties
E = 30e6; % psi
nu = 0.3;
t = 1; % inch

% Initialize global stiffness matrix and force vector

numNodes = size(nodes, 1);
numDOF = numNodes * 2;
K = zeros(numDOF, numDOF);
F = zeros(numDOF, 1);

% Force applied at node 5

F(2*5 - 1) = 120000; % Horizontal force

% Loop over each element to assemble the global stiffness matrix

for el = 1:size(elements, 1)
node_indices = elements(el, :);
coords = nodes(node_indices, :);
 % Compute element stiffness matrix (B, D, etc.)
% ... (similar to the previous example)

% Assembly into global stiffness matrix

% ...
end

% Apply boundary conditions

% Node 1: fixed in both x and y directions
K(1, :) = 0;
K(:, 1) = 0;
K(1, 1) = 1;
K(2, :) = 0;
K(:, 2) = 0;
K(2, 2) = 1;

% Node 2: fixed in y direction

K(4, :) = 0;
K(:, 4) = 0;
K(4, 4) = 1;

% Solve the system of equations

U = K \ F;

% Horizontal displacement of the bottom-left node (Node 1)

disp_x = U(1);
disp(disp_x)
matlab
% Force applied at node 5
F(2*5 - 1) = 120000; % Horizontal force at Node 5
% Loop over each element to assemble the global stiffness matrix
for el = 1:size(elements, 1)
node_indices = elements(el, :);
coords = nodes(node_indices, :);

% Calculate element stiffness matrix

x = coords(:, 1);
y = coords(:, 2);
A = polyarea(x, y);

% B matrix (strain-displacement matrix)

B = 1/(2*A) * [y(2) - y(3), 0, y(3) - y(1), 0, y(1) - y(2), 0;
0, x(3) - x(2), 0, x(1) - x(3), 0, x(2) - x(1);
x(3) - x(2), y(2) - y(3), x(1) - x(3), y(3) - y(1), x(2) - x(1), y(1) - y(2)];

% D matrix (material property matrix)

D = (E/(1 - nu^2)) * [1, nu, 0;
nu, 1, 0;
0, 0, (1 - nu)/2];

% Element stiffness matrix

k_el = t * A * B' * D * B;

% Assembly into global stiffness matrix

for i = 1:3
for j = 1:3
K(2*node_indices(i)-1:2*node_indices(i), 2*node_indices(j)-1:2*node_indices(j)) =
...
K(2*node_indices(i)-1:2*node_indices(i), 2*node_indices(j)-1:2*node_indices(j))
+ k_el(2*i-1:2*i, 2*j-1:2*j);
 end
end
end

% Apply boundary conditions

% Node 1: fixed in both x and y directions
K(1, :) = 0;
K(:, 1) = 0;
K(1, 1) = 1;
K(2, :) = 0;
K(:, 2) = 0;
K(2, 2) = 1;

% Node 2: fixed in y direction

K(4, :) = 0;
K(:, 4) = 0;
K(4, 4) = 1;

% Solve the system of equations

U = K \ F;

% Horizontal displacement of the bottom-left node (Node 1)

disp_x = U(1);
fprintf('Horizontal displacement of the bottom-left node (Node 1): %.6f inches\n', disp_x);

Answer: 0.0491 Inches