Reviewer CC101 -IBM PC, Apple Macintosh

-Use keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers

Pervasive computing -Use magnetic disks, flash memory, and optical disks
Also known as ubiquitous computing for storage
Before 1980-Computers were large, expensive Fifth-generation (now and the future)
Very few people had access to them -Infancy stage
Computers used for a variety of tasks: -No precise classification
Looking up information and news -May be based on artificial intelligence (AI)
Exchanging e-mail -Likely use voice and touch input
Shopping and paying bills Hardware: The physical parts of a computer
Watching TV and videos – Internal hardware
Downloading music and movies -Located inside the main box (system unit) of the
Organizing digital photographs computer
Convergence (all in one) External hardware
-The computer has become the central part of home Located outside the system unit
entertainment Dual-mode mobile phones -Connect to the computer via a wired or wireless
Wireless networking connection
-Computers can be used in nearly any location Smart -There is hardware associated with all five computer
appliances operations
-Traditional appliances with built-in computer or Input devices
communication technology -Used to input data into the computer
Smart homes -Keyboards, mice, scanners, cameras, microphones,
-Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a joysticks, touch pads, touch screens,fingerprint
main computer in the house readers, etc.
Computer: A programmable, electronic device that Processing devices
accepts data, performs operations on that data, and -Perform calculations and control computer’s
stores the data or results as needed operation
-Computers follow instructions, called programs, Central processing unit (CPU) and memory
which determine the tasks the computer will perform Output devices
Basic operations -Present results to the user
Input: Entering data into the computer -Monitors, printers, speakers, projectors, etc.
Processing: Performing operations on the data Storage devices
Output: Presenting the results -Used to store data on or access data from storage
Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future media
use -Hard drives, CD/DVD discs and drives, USB flash
Communications: Sending or receiving data drives, etc.
Data-Raw, unorganized facts Communications devices
-Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or video -Allow users to communicate with others and to
Information-Data that has been processed into a electronically access remote information
meaningful form -Modems, network adapters, etc.
Information processing-Converting data into Software: The programs or instructions used to tell
information the computer hardware what to do
Precomputers and early computers (before 1946) System software: Operating system starts up the
Abacus, slide rule, mechanical calculator computer and controls its operation
Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sort Application software: Performs specific tasks or
First-generation computers (1946-1957) applications
Enormous and powered by vacuum tubes Computer users (end users): People who use a
Used a great deal of electricity, and generated a lot of computer to obtain information
heat Six basic categories of computers:
-ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic Embedded computer: Embedded into a product and
digital computer1. It was co-invented by John designed to perform specific tasks or functions for
Mauchly and John Presper Eckert. that product
-UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer -Cannot be used as general-purpose computers
Second-generation computers (1958-1963) -Often embedded into:
-Used transistors ;Household appliances
-Computers were smaller, more powerful, cheaper, ;Thermostats
more energy-efficient, and more reliable ;Sewing machines
Third-generation computers (1964-1970) ;A/V equipment
-Used integrated circuits (ICs) Keyboards and ;Cars
monitors introduced Mobile device: A very small device with some type
Fourth-generation computers (1971-present) of built-in computing or Internet capability
-Use microprocessors
Personal computer: A small computer designed to File Transfer Protocol (ftp://) is often used for file
be used by one person at a time exchange
-Also called a microcomputer Web browser: Used to display Web pages
Notebook (laptop) computers:Typically use Browser starting or home page: The first page
clamshell design displayed when the browser is opened
Tablet computers: Can be slate tablets or Electronic mail (e-mail): electronic messages
convertible tablets exchanged between computers on a network
Netbooks: Small notebooks; rapidly growing type of -Computer-oriented society also has risks
PC -Computer viruses and malware
Ultra-mobile PCs (UMPCs): Handheld computers -Identity theft and phishing
Thin client or network computer (NC): Device -Privacy issues
designed to access a network for processing and data -Differences in online communications
storage. -Less formal than traditional
-Lower cost, increased security and easier -Netiquette
maintenance -Emoticons
-Limited or no local storage -The anonymity factor
-Not able to function as a computer if network is -Information Integrity
down -Check your source, not all information on the
-Internet appliance: Specialized network computer Internet is accurate.
designed for Internet access and/or e-mail exchange
-Often set-top boxes
-Can include Internet-enabled gaming consoles
Midrange server: A medium-sized computer used to
host programs and data for a small network
Mainframe computer: Powerful computer used by
several large organizations to manage large amounts
of centralized data
Supercomputer: Fastest, most expensive, most
powerful type of computer
Computer network: A collection of hardware and
other devices that are connected together.
Network servers: Manage resources on a network
Clients: Access resources through the network server
-Computer networks exist in many sizes and types
Internet: The largest and most well-known computer
network in the world
Individuals connect to the Internet using an Internet
service provider (ISP)
World Wide Web: One resource (a vast collection of
Web pages) available through the Internet
IP address: Numeric address that identifies
computers
(207.46.197.32)
Domain name: Text-based address that identifies
computers (microsoft.com)
Uniform resource locator (URL): Identifies Web
pages
(http://twitter.com/jobs/index.html)
E-mail address: Identifies people for e-mail
exchange
(jsmith@cengage.com)
URL: Uniquely identifies a Web page –
Consists of:
-Protocol or standard being used
-Identification of the Web server
-Names of folders in which the Web page file is
stored
Web page’s filename
Protocols:
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://) is typically
used to display Web pages (https:// is used for
secure Web pages)