Data Analysis Project

( AGING IN INDIA)
Submitted by : NIDHI RATHI
267/18
BA programme
SEM – 6
Economics (sec)

{BASIC COMPUTATIONAL SKILLS}

Contents:
 Abstract
 Acknowledgment
 Introduction :-
1.Ageing
2.Basic concepts
3.Challenges faced by the elderly
 Data :- Population Census,2011
 Conclusion
 Government programmes and policies for the
welfare of elder people
 ABSTRACT
The following research was conducted on Ageing in
India to study the trends present in the elderly
population in India.
The research project also consists of the obstacles
faced by the people in older age.
The data that has been used in conducting the
research is from the report provided the Ministry of
Statistics and programme Implementation, Central
Statistics Office, Government of India, after the
Population Census,2011. The report had been
provided by the Ministry in the year 2016.

After analysing the data, the correlations between

the data provided in different Population Censuses
from year 1961 to 2011 has been found and
interpreted.
In the end the project describes the policies and
programmes implemented by the Government of
India for the welfare of the elderly.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to thank and express my sincere
appreciation and gratitude to my teacher—Dr.
Sarbeshwar Padhan for his constant support and
encouragement to make this research project
through his guidance in conducting the study.

INTRODUCTION
Human resource is considered as an asset for a
country. It plays an important role in economic
development and growth.
Greater the proportion of young persons in the
population of a country, larger is the workforce,
and, thus, more is the economic potential. India, in
this sense, has got an advantage at present and is
considered as a leading nation in the world in terms
of human power. The huge young population is
considered as its strength and it enhances its
potential for faster growth.
The global demographic trend, however, tells us
that, with the passage of time, the countries have
experienced ageing of population. The proportion
of older persons in the population of a country has
increased.

Ageing
In general, ageing is defined in terms of
chronological age with a cut off age of 60 or 65
years.

“ Ageing is the process of getting older. It connotes

a biological and social construct. It is usually
associated with dynamic changes in the biological,
psychological, physiological, environmental,
behavioural and social processes.”
The process of ageing is different for each individual
such as some people aged 70 maybe strong and
enjoy good health while others while others at the
same age maybe weak and require their significant
other to help them.

Due to economic well-being, better health care

system, good medicines, etc. there is substantial
reduction in mortality in the society. Reduced
mortality has led to reduction in fertility too. These
factors together have resulted in increasing
number of elderly persons in the population. This
phenomenon, called population ageing, is a
dynamic demographic trend all over the world.

The population ageing, started in the last century

with developed countries, is now encompassing
developing countries too. India, by no means, is an
exception to this phenomenon. Over the years, the
structure of population has changed and will further
change in the time to come. The proportion of older
persons in the population will increase.

Population ageing has profound social, economic

and political implications for a country. The
increasing number of older persons put a strain on
health care and social care systems in the country.
Old age comes with lot of ailment and diseases. In
case of large number of elderly persons in the
population, the country needs more and more
health and medical services, facilities and resources.
More and more number of hospitals, doctors,
nurses are required. Government spending on
health care is increased with the increase of
average age of population.

Very old people, due to their reduced mobility and

debilitating disabilities, need other people to do
things for them. With the increasing trend of
nuclear families in the society and with fewer
children in the family, the care of older persons in
the families gets increasingly difficult. To fulfil caring
needs of aged persons more and more nursing
people with appropriate skills are required.

Social security spending of Government also

increases with the increase of old age population.
Due to increased longevity of life, pension bills
increase. On the other hand, lesser people of
working age means lower number of working
people leading to lower tax base and lower tax
collection. Economy grows slowly as less money is
available for spending on things that help economy
grow. A sizeable portion of money is spent on
meeting requirement of old age population.
Government, thus, has to face the double
whammy. On one side the resources are shrunk,
on the other, expenditure is increased.

Challenges faced by elder people

 Dependence on others
 Deprived Health and diseases
 Disabilities (Physical and psychological)
 Difficulty in mobility
 Lose of spouse
 Retirement
 Loneliness and isolation
 Elder abuse
 Little financial support
 Negligence towards them
 Loss of social role and recognition
 Non-availability of opportunities for creative
and effective use of free time
DATA
All the data in the research project has been
collected from the POPULATION CENSUS 2011-
MINISTRY OF STATISTICS and PROGRAMME
IMPLEMENTATION {MOSPI} – CENTRAL STATISTICS
OFFICE (SOCIAL STATISTICS DIVISION) –
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA – www.mospi.gov.in .

Both the share and size of elderly population in

India has been increasing at an increased in the
recent years and according to a report by the
Department of Geriatrics, AIIMS, India, this tread is
likely to coming in the coming decades.
The share of population over the age of 60 is
projected to increase from 8 percent in 2015 to 19
percent by 2050.
By the end of the century, the elderly will constitute
nearly 34 percent of the total population of the
country.
According to
the
‘POPULATION
CENSUS,2011’
–
 State-wise data on elderly population divulge
that Kerala has maximum proportion of elderly
people in its population (12.6 per cent)
followed by Goa (11.2 per cent) and Tamil
Nadu (10.4 per cent) as per Population Census
2011. This may be due to the lifestyle and
better medical facilities in respective states.
The least proportion is in Dadra & Nagar Haveli
(4.0 per cent) followed by Arunachal Pradesh
(4.6 per cent) and Daman & Diu and
Meghalaya (both 4.7 per cent).
 there are nearly 104 million elderly persons in
India; 53 million females and 51 million males.
It is interesting to note that up to Population
Census 1991, the number of elderly males
exceeded the number of females. In the last
two decades, however, the trend has been
reversed and the elderly females outnumbered
the elderly males. This is also a major concern
for policy makers as elderly women are more
vulnerable on all fronts compared to elderly
men. As regards rural and urban areas, more
than 73 million persons i.e. 71 per cent of
elderly population reside in rural areas while
31 million or 29 per cent of elderly population
are in urban areas.
 Percentage share of elderly persons in the
population of India is ever increasing since
1961. While in 1961, 5.6 per cent population
was in the age bracket of 60 years or more, the
proportion has increased to 8.6 per cent in
2011. The trend is same in rural as well as in
the urban areas. In rural areas while the
proportion of elderly persons has increased
from 5.8 per cent to 8.8 per cent, in urban
areas it has increased from 4.7 per cent to 8.1
per cent during 1961 to 2011. It is observed
that the difference of percentage share of
elderly population in whole population in rural
and urban areas is narrowing.
Government Policy and
programmes for the welfare of
elderly
1. The Ministry of Social Justice and
Empowerment (the Ageing Division in the
Social Defence Bureau) is the nodal ministry for
the welfare of the senior citizens.

2. Central Sector Scheme – Integrated

Programme for Older Persons (IPOP), 1992-
for:
 Maintenance of Old Age Homes;
 Maintenance of Respite Care Homes;
 Running of Multi Service Centres for Older
Persons;
 Mobile Medicare Unit;
 Day Care Centre for Care of Old Person with
Dementia;
 Multi Facility Care Centre for Older Widows;
 Physiotherapy Clinics
 Regional Resource and Training Centres
 Helplines and Counselling for Older Persons;
 Programme for Sensitization Schools/College
Student;
 Awareness Projects for Older Persons;
 Volunteers Bureau for Older Persons;
 Formation of Vridha Sanghas/Senior Citizen
Associations/Self Help Groups

3. The National Policy on Older Persons -1999

4. The Maintenance and Welfare of parents and

Senior citizens Act, 2007, which provide for:
 Maintenance of Parents/ senior citizens by
children/ relatives made obligatory and
justiciable through Tribunals
 Revocation of transfer of property by senior
citizens in case of negligence by relatives
 Penal provision for abandonment of senior
citizens
 Establishment of Old Age Homes for Indigent
Senior Citizens
 Protection of life and property of senior citizens
 Adequate medical facilities for Senior Citizens

5. National Council for Older Persons(NCOP)1999

6. Other Ministries for the welfare of elders –

 Ministry of Rural development
 Ministry of health and Family Welfare
 Ministry of Finance :- health insurance, tax
benefits
 Ministry of Home affairs :- protection of life and
property