‭Experiment List & Theory‬

‭Experiment 5‬
‭Theory:‬

‭Django App:‬

‭Understanding Django Framework‬‭:‬

‭●‬ D ‭ jango is a high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and‬
‭clean, pragmatic design.‬
‭●‬ ‭It follows the Model-View-Template (MVT) architectural pattern.‬

‭Setting Up the Environment‬‭:‬

‭ ‬ I‭ nstall Python and Django.‬

●
‭●‬ ‭Create a virtual environment to manage dependencies.‬
django-admin startproject‬‭
‭●‬ ‭Start a new Django project using‬‭ projectname‬
‭.‬

‭Project Structure‬‭:‬

‭●‬ ‭
manage.py‬
‭: Command-line utility for administrative‬‭tasks.‬
‭●‬ ‭
settings.py‬
‭: Configuration settings for the Django‬‭project.‬
‭●‬ ‭
urls.py‬
‭: URL declarations for the project.‬
‭●‬ ‭
wsgi.py‬
‭: Entry point for WSGI-compatible web servers.‬

‭Creating and Managing Applications‬‭:‬

‭‬ U
● python manage.py startapp appname‬‭to create a‬‭new app.‬
‭ se‬‭
‭●‬ ‭Apps should be modular and reusable components within the project.‬
settings.py‬‭file.‬
‭●‬ ‭Register the app in the project’s‬‭

‭Models (Data Layer)‬‭:‬

models.py‬‭using Django’s ORM (Object-Relational‬‭Mapping).‬

‭●‬ ‭Define models in‬‭
‭●‬ U CharField‬
‭ se fields like‬‭ IntegerField‬
‭,‬‭ DateTimeField‬‭to define data‬
‭,‬‭
‭attributes.‬
‭●‬ ‭Run‬‭ python manage.py makemigrations‬‭and‬‭ python manage.py‬
migrate‬‭to apply model changes to the database.‬
‭

‭Views (Business Logic)‬‭:‬

views.py‬‭to handle requests and return responses.‬

‭●‬ ‭Define views in‬‭
 ‭Experiment List & Theory‬
‭●‬ U ‭ se class-based views or function-based views depending on the complexity and reuse‬
‭needs.‬
‭●‬ ‭Views interact with models to fetch or manipulate data and render templates or JSON‬
‭responses.‬

‭Templates (Presentation Layer)‬‭:‬

Django Template Language (DTL)‬‭to create HTML‬‭templates.‬

‭●‬ ‭Use‬‭
‭‬ P
● templates‬‭directory within‬‭each app.‬
‭ lace templates in the‬‭
‭●‬ ‭Use template inheritance for reusable layouts.‬

‭URL Routing‬‭:‬

‭‬ D
● urls.py‬‭using the‬‭
‭ efine URL patterns in‬‭ path‬‭and‬‭
re_path‬‭functions.‬
‭●‬ ‭Use include() to reference URL patterns from apps, promoting modularity.‬

‭Forms and Validation‬‭:‬

forms‬‭framework to handle form data.‬

‭●‬ ‭Use Django’s‬‭
‭‬ D
● forms.py‬‭to handle input validation‬‭and rendering.‬
‭ efine form classes in‬‭
‭●‬ ‭Integrate forms in views to handle GET and POST requests.‬

‭Authentication and Authorization‬‭:‬

‭‬ U
● ‭ se Django’s built-in authentication system for user management.‬
‭●‬ ‭Implement login, logout, and registration views.‬
‭●‬ ‭Use decorators and mixins for access control.‬

‭Static Files and Media‬‭:‬

static‬‭directory.‬
‭●‬ ‭Manage static files (CSS, JavaScript, images) in the‬‭
MEDIA_ROOT‬‭and‬‭
‭●‬ ‭Configure media files (user-uploaded content) in‬‭ MEDIA_URL‬
‭.‬

‭Testing‬‭:‬

‭‬ W
● ‭ rite unit tests for models, views, and forms using Django’s test framework.‬
‭●‬ ‭Run tests with‬‭ python manage.py test‬‭to ensure code‬‭reliability.‬

‭Deployment‬‭:‬

‭●‬ P ‭ repare the app for deployment with settings adjustments (DEBUG=False,‬
‭ALLOWED_HOSTS, etc.).‬
‭●‬ ‭Use WSGI servers like Gunicorn for running Django applications.‬
 ‭Experiment List & Theory‬
‭●‬ ‭Configure web servers (e.g., Nginx, Apache) to serve the application.‬

‭Security Best Practices‬‭:‬

‭‬ P
● ‭ rotect against common threats like XSS, CSRF, and SQL injection.‬
‭●‬ ‭Use Django’s security middleware and settings to enhance protection.‬

‭Performance Optimization‬‭:‬

‭ ‬ I‭ mplement caching strategies using Django’s caching framework.‬

●
‭●‬ ‭Optimize database queries and use indexing.‬
‭●‬ ‭Use Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) for static files.‬

‭Scalability‬‭:‬

‭‬ D
● ‭ esign the application to scale horizontally by adding more instances.‬
‭●‬ ‭Use load balancers to distribute traffic.‬
‭●‬ ‭Implement database replication and sharding for data scalability.‬
 ‭Experiment List & Theory‬
‭Experiment 6‬
‭Theory:‬

‭Django Project and App in Website:‬

‭1.‬ M ‭ odular Architecture‬‭: Django promotes a modular architecture‬‭where the project‬

‭represents the entire website and is composed of one or more apps. The project acts as a‬
‭container for various functionalities, while each app encapsulates a specific aspect or‬
‭feature of the website, enhancing maintainability and scalability.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Separation of Concerns‬‭: Django follows the principle‬‭of separation of concerns,‬
‭dividing the codebase into distinct layers such as models, views, and templates. This‬
‭separation allows for better organization, easier debugging, and facilitates collaboration‬
‭among developers working on different parts of the project.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Reusable Components‬‭: Django encourages the development‬‭of reusable components‬
‭through the creation of apps. These apps can be easily integrated into other projects,‬
‭promoting code reuse and speeding up development cycles. Additionally, Django's‬
‭built-in admin interface further enhances reusability by providing a generic, customizable‬
‭interface for managing app data.‬
‭4.‬ ‭Routing and URL Configuration‬‭: Django utilizes a robust‬‭routing system to map URLs‬
‭to corresponding views within apps. This allows for clean and logical URL structures,‬
‭making navigation intuitive for users and enhancing search engine optimization (SEO).‬
‭Furthermore, Django's URL configuration enables developers to easily refactor URLs‬
‭without affecting the underlying functionality.‬
‭5.‬ ‭ORM and Database Abstraction‬‭: Django's Object-Relational‬‭Mapping (ORM) layer‬
‭provides a powerful abstraction over databases, allowing developers to interact with‬
‭database entities using Python objects. This simplifies database operations and promotes‬
‭code clarity by eliminating the need for raw SQL queries. Additionally, Django's built-in‬
‭support for multiple database backends facilitates portability and scalability.‬
‭6.‬ ‭Template System and Frontend Integration‬‭: Django's template system enables the‬
‭creation of dynamic web pages by combining HTML with template tags and filters. This‬
‭allows for the seamless integration of frontend and backend logic, empowering‬
‭developers to create interactive and responsive user interfaces. Furthermore, Django's‬
‭support for template inheritance and inclusion promotes code reuse and maintainability.‬
‭7.‬ ‭Maintenance and Collaboration‬‭:‬‭The Django project and app structure simplifies‬
‭maintenance and collaboration among developers. Each app can be developed, tested, and‬
‭maintained independently, reducing the complexity of the overall codebase. This‬
‭modularity also facilitates team collaboration, as developers can work on different apps‬
‭simultaneously without interfering with each other's code. Additionally, Django's built-in‬
‭administrative interface provides tools for managing apps, models, and database‬
‭migrations, further streamlining the development and maintenance process.‬