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13 views18 pages

COMP. Integrated Project

project

Uploaded by

kunjal.guliani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer integrated

project
NEWTON’S
LAWS OF MOTION
Born in 1643 in Woolsthorpe,
England, Sir Isaac Newton
A Short Note On began developing his theories

“Sir Issac Newton” on light, calculus and celestial


mechanics while on break from
Cambridge University. Years of
research culminated with the
1687 publication of “Principia,” a
landmark work that established
the universal laws of motion
and gravity.
LAWS OF MOTION
Newton’s three laws of motion
describes the relation between the
forces acting on a body and the
motion of the body formulated by
Sir Isaac NewtonBrakes applied by
an object.
FIRST LAW OF MOTION
Newton’s first law states that if a
body is at rest or moving at a
constant speed in a straight line, it
will remain at rest or keep moving
in a straight line at constant speed
unless it is acted upon by a force.
For instance, a Bus Driver Abruptly,
Placed on a Plane Surface,
Marathoner Running beyond Finish
Line, etc.
SECOND LAW OF MOTION
Newton’s second law is a quantitative description
of the changes that a force can produce on the
motion of a body. It states that the time rate of
change of the momentum of a body is equal in both
magnitude and direction to the force imposed on it.
The momentum of a body is equal to the product of
its mass and its velocity. Momentum, like velocity, is
a vector quantity, having both magnitude and
direction. A force applied to a body can change the
magnitude of the momentum or its direction or
both

For instance, When you push on the pedals, your


bicycle accelerates. You are increasing the speed of
the bicycle by applying force to the pedals.
THIRD LAW OF MOTION
Newton’s third law states that when two bodies
interact, they apply forces to one another that
are equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction. The third law is also known as the
law of action and reaction.

For instance, a book resting on a table applies


a downward force equal to its weight on the
table. According to the third law, the table
applies an equal and opposite force to the
book. This force occurs because the weight of
the book causes the table to deform slightly so
that it pushes back on the book like a coiled
spring.
Newton’s Law Of Motion Translated From
Original Latin to English

“ Law I: Every body persists in its state of being at rest or of moving ”


uniformly straight forward, except insofar as it is compelled to
change its state by force impressed.

“ Law II: The alteration of motion is ever proportional to the motive force ”
impress’d; and is made in the direction of the right line in which that force
is impress’d.

“ Law III: To every action there is always opposed an equal reaction: or the ”
mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and
directed to contrary parts.
IMPORTANCE AND RANGE OF VALIDITY
Newton’s laws were verified by experiment and observation for over 200 years, and they are
excellent approximations at the scales and speeds of everyday life. Newton’s laws of motion,
together with his law of universal gravitation and the mathematical techniques of calculus,
provided for the first time a unified quantitative explanation for a wide range of physical
phenomena.Newton’s laws are inappropriate for use in certain circumstances, most notably at
very small scales, very high speeds.the laws cannot be used to explain phenomena such as
conduction of electricity in a semiconductor, optical properties of substances, errors in
non-relativistically corrected GPS systems and superconductivity.In quantum mechanics,
concepts such as force, momentum, and position are defined by linear operators that operate on
the quantum state; at speeds that are much lower than the speed of light, Newton’s laws are just
as exact for these operators as they are for classical objects.
RELATIONSHIP TO THE CONSERVATION
LAWS
In modern physics, the laws of conservation of momentum, energy, and angular
momentum are of more general validity than Newton’s laws, since they apply to
both light and matter, and to both classical and non-classical physics.This can be
stated simply, “Momentum, energy and angular momentum cannot be created or
destroyed.”Newton stated the third law within a world-view that assumed
instantaneous action at a distance between material particles. However, he was
prepared for philosophical criticism of this action at a distance, and it was in this
context that he stated the famous phrase “I feign no hypotheses“.The discovery
of the second law of thermodynamics by Carnot in the 19th century showed that
not every physical quantity is conserved over time, thus disproving the validity of
inducing the opposite metaphysical view from Newton’s laws.
THEORIES
THERMODYNAMICS

In statistical physics, the kinetic theory of gases applies Newton's laws of motion to large numbers
(typically on the order of Avogadro's number) of particles. Kinetic theory can explain, for example, the
pressure that a gas exerts upon the container holding it as the aggregate of many impacts of atoms, each
imparting a tiny amount of momentum.
ELECTROMAGNETISM

Newton's three laws can be applied to phenomena involving electricity and magnetism, though
subtleties and caveats exist. Coulomb's law for the electric force between two stationary, electrically
charged bodies has much the same mathematical form as Newton's law of universal gravitation: the force
is proportional to the product of the charges, inversely proportional to the square of the distance between
them, and directed along the straight line between them
QUANTUM MECHANISM

Quantum mechanics is a theory of physics originally developed in order to understand microscopic


phenomena: behavior at the scale of molecules, atoms or subatomic particles. Generally and loosely
speaking, the smaller a system is, the more an adequate mathematical model will require understanding
quantum effects. Quantum mechanics allows the physicist to calculate the probability that a chosen
measurement will elicit a particular result. The expectation value for a measurement is the average of the
possible results it might yield, weighted by their probabilities of occurrence.
PARTICIPANTS

KRISHIV BANSAL ROLL NO. 19


KUNJAL GULIANI ROLL NO 20
LAKSH YADAV ROLL NO 21
LAKSHAY KATOCH ROLL NO. 22
MEHAK RUSTAGI ROLL NO. 24
TOOLS USED:-
1. Google Slides for PPT
2. Google for DATA and PICTURES/BACKGROUNDS
3. Wikipedia for THEORIES

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