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Evaluation Topics and Study Material Sap SD

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
56 views25 pages

Evaluation Topics and Study Material Sap SD

sCxvxvcc

Uploaded by

chsandeep80
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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‭Sr. No.

‬ ‭INTERVIEW QUESTIONS‬
‭1‬ ‭Bussiness partner‬
‭ ustomer pre requisites (custumer cust. ac , company code,‬
C
‭2‬‭number acc and nu. range)‬
‭ aterial pre requisites (material type, industry and no. range,‬
M
‭3‬‭plant and org, loading groups)‬
‭4‬ ‭All movement types including consignment process‬
‭5‬ ‭Pricing procedure‬
‭6‬ ‭OTC and extended version‬
‭7‬ ‭Updates of stock , stock over view‬
‭8‬ ‭settlement processes , all the integration part of mm-sd‬
s‭ pecial sales processes‬‭MIGO, MIRO, mb1c‬‭Cash sale,‬‭rush‬
‭9‬‭order and‬
‭10‬ ‭Third party sales‬
‭11‬ ‭Valuated and non valuated sales order stock differences‬
‭12‬ ‭SD integration with MTO AND MTS‬
‭13‬ ‭Third party sale with Subcontracting (subcontract)‬
‭Quantity value updating‬
‭flow of normal sales otc cycle‬
‭Listing and exclusion‬
‭Varient config.‬
‭material determination and substitution difference‬
‭costing and pricing pp part‬
‭costing (opti for self learning)‬

‭Business partner:‬‭A‬‭Business Partner‬‭(BP) is a person,‬‭an organisation, a‬


‭ roup of people, or a group of organisations that your company has a business‬
g
‭interest in.‬

‭ P has various roles for a company, such as‬‭Customer‬‭,‬‭Supplier‬‭,‬‭Employee‬‭, etc.‬


B
‭A BP can be created in various BP roles and can take on additional BP roles over‬
‭the course of the business relationship.‬

‭Customer prerequisites :‬

‭ ttps://community.sap.com/t5/enterprise-resource-planning-blogs-by-members/sap-s‬
h
‭4hana-business-partners-configurations/ba-p/13566281#:~:text=For%20creation%20‬
‭of%20Vendor%20and,data%20and%20Sales%20organization%20data‬‭.‬
‭Prerequisites to create Business partners to customer:‬

‭1.Define Number ranges for the BP‬

‭2.Define groupings and assign number ranges to BP‬

‭3.Define Business partners roles and grouping‬

‭4.Create customer account group‬

‭5.Create the Customer number ranges and account groups‬

‭6.Number assignment for direction BP to customer & BP to Vendor‬

‭7.Creation of business partners‬

‭ or proceeding the above steps, we need to configure the S4Hana system by‬
F
‭following configurations.‬

‭Material Prerequisites:‬

‭ he material master record is the central source for material-specific‬


T
‭data. It is used in all areas of logistics.‬

‭Movement types:‬

‭To handle different types of goods receipt, movement types.‬

‭ AP MOVEMENT TYPES‬
S ‭ ESCRIPTION‬
D
‭501‬ ‭Goods receipt without purchase order : unrestricted-use stock‬
‭503‬ ‭Goods receipt without purchase order : stock in quality inspection‬
‭505‬ ‭Goods receipt without purchase order : blocked stock‬
‭521‬ ‭Goods receipt without order : unrestricted-use stock‬
‭523‬ ‭Goods receipt without order : inspection stock‬
‭525‬ ‭Goods receipt without order : blocked stock‬
‭531‬ ‭Goods receipt of by-products from order‬
‭541‬ ‭Transfer of unrestricted-use stock to subcontracting stock‬
‭543‬ ‭Consumption from subcontracting stock‬
‭545‬ ‭Goods receipt of by-products from subcontracting‬
‭551‬ ‭Scrapping from unrestricted-use stock‬
‭553‬ ‭Scrapping from inspection stock‬
‭555‬ ‭Scrapping from blocked stock‬
‭557‬ ‭Issue from stock in transit (adjustment posting)‬
‭561‬ ‭Initial entry of stock balances : unrestricted-use stock‬
‭ AP MOVEMENT TYPES‬
S ‭ ESCRIPTION‬
D
‭563‬ ‭Initial entry of stock balances : quality inspection‬
‭565‬ ‭Initial entry of stock balances : blocked stock‬
‭581‬ ‭Goods receipt of a by-product from network‬

‭In the shipping process in SAP, the main functionalities are:‬

‭‬
● ‭ acking of the goods‬
P
‭●‬ ‭Delivery processing of the goods‬
‭●‬ ‭Picking of items‬
‭●‬ ‭Shipping communication‬
‭●‬ ‭Planning & monitoring of shipping‬
‭●‬ ‭Post goods issue.‬

‭ AP MOVEMENT‬
S
‭DESCRIPTION‬
‭TYPE‬
‭601‬ ‭ oods issue for delivery‬
G
‭603‬ ‭Goods issue for a stock transport order (shipping) with additional item‬
‭605‬ ‭Goods receipt for a stock transport order (shipping) with additional item‬
‭Transfer of unrestricted-use stock : returnable packaging with customer‬
‭621‬
‭(shipping)‬
‭623‬ ‭Goods issue from returnable packaging with customer (shipping)‬
‭Transfer of unrestricted-use stock : consignment stock at customer‬
‭631‬
‭(shipping)‬
‭ 33‬
6 ‭Goods issue from consignment stock at customer (shipping)‬
‭641‬ ‭Goods issue for a stock transport order (shipping)‬
‭643‬ ‭Goods issue for a cross-company-code stock transport order‬
‭Goods issue for a cross-company-code stock transport order performed in‬
‭645‬
‭one step (shipping)‬
‭ 47‬
6 ‭Goods issue for a stock transport order performed in one step (shipping)‬
‭651‬ ‭Returns from customer (shipping)‬
‭653‬ ‭Returns from customer (shipping) to unrestricted-use stock‬
‭655‬ ‭Returns from customer (shipping) to inspection stock‬
‭657‬ ‭Returns from customer (shipping) to blocked stock‬
‭661‬ ‭Returns to vendor using shipping‬
‭673‬ ‭Returns for a cross-company-code stock transport order (shipping)‬
‭Returns for a cross-company-code stock transport order (shipping)‬
‭675‬
‭performed in one step‬

‭Pricing Procedure:‬

I‭n SD, Pricing Procedure is determined based on Sales Area (Sales‬


‭Organization + Distribution Centre + Division) + Customer Pricing Procedure +‬
‭Document Pricing Procedure. Sales Area is determined in Sales Order Header‬
‭Level. Customer Pricing Procedure is determined from Customer Master.‬
‭ ocument Pricing Procedure is determined from Sales Document Type / Billing‬
D
‭Type (if configured). Once the pricing procedure is determined, Condition‬
‭records are fetched. If appropriate condition records are found, the price is‬
‭determined. If Mandatory pricing condition is missing, system will through an‬
‭error message.‬

‭OTC & Extended version:‬

‭ AP SD OTC stands for Sales and Distribution Order-to-Cash and is an‬


S
‭important process for any business that wants to streamline their customer‬
‭orders. The SAP OTC (Order-to-Cash) process is a series of interconnected‬
‭steps that help to manage sales transactions in a business. The SAP SD OTC‬
‭process starts with the customer placing their order. This order is then sent to‬
‭the sales team who then enter it into the system. From here the order is sent to‬
‭the warehouse where they can start to prepare the shipment. Once the‬
‭shipment is ready, the order is then sent to the billing department where they‬
‭create the invoice and send it to the customer.‬

‭ nce the customer has paid, the entire process is completed and the order is‬
O
‭marked as “closed” in the system. This is referred to as the cash closure. The‬
‭process is then repeated for each new customer order.‬

‭Stock overview and updates of stock:‬ ‭The stock overview‬‭gives you an‬
‭ verview of the stocks of the material across all organizational levels . This is‬
o
‭the difference between this method and the views Plant Stock and Storage‬
‭Location Stock in the material master, which only give you an overview of the‬
‭stocks for a specific plant or storage location.‬

‭Procedure‬
‭1.‬ ‭Choose Logistics Materials Management Material Master Stock‬
‭Overview.‬
‭2.‬ ‭Specify a Display Version and under Selection of Display Levels select‬
‭the stocks that you want to display.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Enter further selection criteria and choose Execute.‬
‭Settlement Process and all the integration part of it:‬

‭ omprehensive functionality for managing settlement processes in various business scenarios.‬


c
‭It enables organisations to efficiently handle settlement activities related to sales, purchasing,‬
‭and other areas.‬

‭1. Flexible Settlement Processes:‬

‭ AP Settlement Management allows organisations to define flexible settlement processes‬


S
‭tailored to their specific business requirements. This includes defining rules for determining‬
‭settlement recipients, allocation methods, and settlement types.‬

‭2. Integration with Other SAP Modules:‬

I‭ t integrates seamlessly with other SAP modules such as Sales and Distribution (SD), Materials‬
‭Management (MM), Financial Accounting (FI), and Controlling (CO). This integration ensures‬
‭that settlement processes are synchronised with relevant business transactions.‬

‭3. Settlement of Rebates and Discounts:‬


‭ ne of the key features of SAP Settlement Management is the ability to settle rebates and‬
O
‭discounts offered to customers or vendors. It enables organisations to accurately calculate and‬
‭settle these incentives based on predefined criteria such as sales volume, product categories,‬
‭or customer segments.‬

‭4. Accrual and Deferral Management:‬

‭ he module facilitates accrual and deferral management by allowing organisations to define‬


T
‭accrual and deferral rules for various settlement scenarios. This ensures accurate recognition‬
‭of revenue and expenses in the financial statements.‬

‭5. Automated Settlement Processing:‬

‭ AP Settlement Management automates the settlement process to streamline operations and‬


S
‭reduce manual effort. It automates tasks such as data validation, calculation of settlement‬
‭amounts, and generation of settlement documents.‬

‭6. Compliance and Audit Trails:‬

‭ he module provides robust compliance features and maintains detailed audit trails of‬
T
‭settlement activities. This ensures transparency and accountability in the settlement process,‬
‭facilitating regulatory compliance and audit requirements.‬

‭7. Reporting and Analytics:‬

‭ AP Settlement Management offers comprehensive reporting and analytics capabilities to‬


S
‭monitor settlement performance, analyse trends, and identify opportunities for optimization. It‬
‭provides standard reports as well as customizable analytics dashboards to meet specific‬
‭reporting needs.‬

‭8. Integration with External Systems:‬

‭ part from integrating with other SAP modules, SAP Settlement Management also supports‬
A
‭integration with external systems such as CRM systems or third-party rebate management‬
‭solutions. This ensures seamless data exchange and interoperability across the organisation's‬
‭ecosystem.‬

‭ AP Settlement Management is a powerful module that helps organisations streamline and‬


S
‭automate settlement processes, manage rebates and discounts, ensure compliance, and gain‬
‭insights through reporting and analytics.‬

‭Special sales process: MIGO,MIRO, RUSH ORDER, CASH SALE‬

‭What every SAP Consultant knows?‬


‭ ash sales is an order type where customer orders to pick up and pay for the‬
C
‭goods immediately. Immediate delivery will be activated for this type. We may‬
‭post the cash to separate account for cash sales like petty cash account.‬
‭There is no credit management activated for cash sales. While Rush order also‬
‭involves immediate deliveries but unlike cash sales, customers in rush orders‬
‭do not have to pay out-rightly. Credit management can be activated for such‬
‭order types.‬

‭Which information SAP Consultants miss out on?‬

‭ iving deeper into VOV8 configurations, I compared the RO with BV and‬


D
‭noticed only two differences which actually is the main setting to realise the‬
‭theoretical concept explained above. Below is the Cash sales order type with‬
‭the “blank” field for Del-rel.billing type. So this clearly dictates that we directly‬
‭bill the order assuming that immediate delivery would have happened.‬
‭Although we do create a delivery document with reference to order for‬
‭reporting purposes.‬

‭ ow let's check rush order: It has Del-rel. billing type and order-rel.bill.type‬
N
‭activated with a billing doc type F2 assigned to it. That means we can have an‬
‭invoice created later with reference to delivery as well. There is no rush for‬
‭payment in a rush order.‬
‭Other important differences lie at item level like:‬

‭1.‬
‭ ash sales item is not relevant for picking and “credit active” is not‬
C
‭check marked at item level as we assume cash sales involve immediate‬
‭picking of material and do not require credit management because we‬
‭are receiving payment upfront. While rush order has credit management‬
‭activated as we can provide a facility to pay later to customers. It is also‬
‭relevant for picking.‬
‭2.‬
‭ ash sales are assigned with an output type RD03 which will‬
C
‭immediately print the invoice. Rush orders use standard output type‬
‭RD00.‬
‭3.‬
‭ s mentioned above different accounts can be determined for cash‬
A
‭sales for this account determination procedure KOFIAC is assigned to it.‬
‭4.‬
‭The cancellation doc type is SV for cash sales while S1 for rush orders.‬
‭5.‬
‭ enerally business used different shipping points for cash sales while‬
G
‭that is not the case with rush orders.‬

‭MIGO‬‭is a transaction code used for Goods Movement‬‭in SAP.‬


‭●‬ ‭MIRO‬‭is a transaction code used for Enter Incoming‬‭Invoice in SAP.‬

‭In MIGO you receive the goods from the vendor. For the goods‬
I‭n MIGO you receive the goods from the vendor. For the goods‬
‭movement type 101 system posts the inventory posting. At this point‬
‭both FI & MM postings are made. The following entry posted by the‬
‭system‬
‭●‬

‭Inventory a/c dr To GR/IR clearing a /c cr‬

‭ . In MIRO You receive the invoice from the vendor At this point also‬
2
‭both FI & MM postings are made. The following entry posted by the‬
‭system‬

‭GR/IR clearing a/c dr‬

‭ ‬ ‭To Vendor a/c‬



‭●‬
‭●‬
‭●‬

‭Third party sale:‬

I‭n third-party process the delivery of the goods required by the customer is‬
‭not done by sales organization where customer orders. Instead, the request of‬
‭the goods is forwarded to an external vendor who sends the material directly‬
‭to the customer.‬

‭Here is what happens in third-party process:‬


‭1.‬ C ‭ ustomer orders goods and a sales order is created in a sales‬
‭organization‬
‭2.‬ ‭Purchase requisition is created automatically when sales order is saved.‬
‭3.‬ ‭Purchase order is created at the vendor in the MM purchasing‬
‭application (manually or automatically)‬
‭4.‬ ‭If the vendor does the outbound delivery to the customer, the goods‬
‭receipt can be posted in the system‬
‭5.‬ ‭Invoice receipt is created (invoice from vendor)‬
‭6.‬ ‭Invoice to customer is created (order based invoice)‬
‭SALES ORDER‬

‭ hird-party process is triggered when the sales order with third-party item is‬
T
‭created. Depending on settings done in customization third-party item‬
‭categories can be automatically determined by the system (automatic‬
‭third-party processing) or they can be changed from standard item to‬
‭third-party item category in sales order (manual third-party processing).‬

‭Sales order type used for third-party – OR (standard order)‬

‭Item category for third-party – TAS‬

‭Schedule line category for third-party – CS‬

‭ et’s look deeper into the settings in the system done for automatic and‬
L
‭standard third-party process:‬

‭ITEM CATEGORY TAS:‬


‭ reate PO Automatic‬‭indicator is not marked in TAS. ALES is an item category‬
C
‭for third-party processing where this indicator is marked.‬

‭ITEM CATEGORY DETERMINATION‬

I‭tem category TAS will be determined automatically for standard order (OR)‬
‭and item category group BANS (third-party item). Item category group can be‬
‭found in material master, Sales: Sales org.2 view.‬

‭SCHEDULE LINE CATEGORY CS‬

‭ ata: Order type = NB, Item Category = 5 and Acct.AssgntCat = X is the data‬
D
‭for Purchase requisition. If it is filled like above the purchasing requisition will‬
‭be created automatically as standard purchasing requisition (NB), with item‬
‭category S and acc.assign cat X. The mapping of item category (from 5 to S)‬
‭can be found in‬‭IMG: MM->Purchasing->Define External‬‭Representation of‬
‭item categories‬‭. The definition of account assignment‬‭category can be found‬
‭in‬‭IMG: MM->Purchasing->Account assignment->Maintain‬‭acc.***. categories‬
‭SCHEDULE LINE CATEGORY DETERMINATION‬

‭THIRD-PARTY PURCHASE REQUISITION‬

‭ fter saving sales order with item category TAS the purchase requisition is‬
A
‭automatically created. In order to see the document go to:‬‭Environment ->‬
‭Status overview‬‭and expand data for item, then expand‬‭data for purchase‬
‭requisition as well:‬

‭ ouble click on the requisition number and you will be taken to the purchase‬
D
‭requisition document. The other way is to go to schedule line where you can‬
‭find the purchase requisition number.‬

I‭f third-party item has more than one schedule line with confirmed quantity > 0,‬
‭then purchase requisition is created for each schedule line.‬

I‭t is wise to have the vendor determined in source of supply at this stage of the‬
‭process (i.e. source list)‬

‭MANUAL PURCHASE ORDER‬


‭ he purchase requisition needs to be converted into purchase order in MM‬
T
‭(t-code me21n). The purchase order document type is NB (standard order),‬
‭item category S, that must be assigned to account. Thus account assignment‬
‭category needs to be given. In this example it is X (automatically taken during‬
‭conversion from purchase requisition, as it was defined in item category CS).‬

‭ he definition of acct assignment category can be found in‬‭IMG:‬


T
‭MM->Purchasing->Account assignment->Maintain acc.***. categories:‬

‭ ote: There is also a third-party account assignment category created in the‬


N
‭system and its definition looks as follows:‬

‭ he mapping of item categories:‬‭IMG: MM->Purchasing->Define‬‭External‬


T
‭Representation of item categories‬‭:‬
‭AUTOMATIC PURCHASE ORDER‬

‭ s it was written before – the purchase requisition is created automatically‬


A
‭when sales order is saved. It is possible to automatize the next step, the‬
‭creation of purchase order, as well. The ALE function is used for that purpose.‬
‭The indicator for the automatic creation of purchase order is not set for TAS‬
‭item category. However, there is a special item category – ALES which can be‬
‭used instead in third-party process. The indicator for the automatic creation of‬
‭purchase order is marked in ALES by default.‬

‭Prerequisites for the automatic creation of purchase order are as follows:‬


‭●‬ T ‭ he indicator‬‭automatic purchase order‬‭needs to be‬‭marked in item‬
‭category definition (item category ALES has it by default)‬
‭●‬ ‭Unique source of supply needs to exist for third-party item‬
‭●‬ ‭At least the document type for the purchase order must be assigned for‬
‭Sales organization in customizing under‬‭Enterprise‬
‭structure->Definition->SD->Define, copy, delete, check sales‬
‭organization‬
I‭f all above prerequisites are set up correctly, purchase order will be created‬
‭when sales order is saved. Then, it can be found in document flow in sales‬
‭order.‬

‭GOODS RECEIPT‬

‭ ince during third-party processing goods are moved directly from the vendor‬
S
‭to the customer, inventory management is not affected by this event. However,‬
‭if sales department would like to document and enter delivery to the customer‬
‭in the system it is possible depending on settings in customization. If account‬
‭assignment category 1 is used in item category definition, goods receipt is not‬
‭possible, as the‬‭goods receipt‬‭indicator is not set‬‭for this account assignment‬
‭cat. If account assignment category X is used, goods receipt is possible.‬

‭The goods receipt posting (t-code migo) would have the following effects:‬
‭‬ T
● ‭ he warehouse stock is not updated‬
‭●‬ ‭The goods receipt is posted directly to consumption and the‬
‭consumption quantity is updated‬
‭●‬ ‭The order value is posted to a GR/IR clearing account for invoice‬
‭verification purposes‬
‭●‬ ‭The goods receipt can be traced in the purchase order history‬

‭ he goods receipt posting should happen when the vendor reports that‬
T
‭outbound delivery was executed or customer confirms that delivery arrives.‬
‭ ince no flow of goods occurs in the enterprise, the goods receipt posting‬
S
‭results in updates on value basis.‬

‭INVOICE RECEIPT‬

‭ he invoice verification with reference to purchase order needs to be created‬


T
‭when invoice from vendor arrives to enterprise (t-code miro). The value and, if‬
‭goods receipt was done earlier, the quantity are proposed by the system.‬
‭When the incoming invoice is posted following are updated:‬
‭‬ P
● ‭ urchase order history‬
‭●‬ ‭G/L accounts‬
‭●‬ ‭The vendor account in subledger accounting, as well as the liabilities‬
‭account (general ledger)‬

‭CUSTOMER BILLING DOCUMENT‬

‭ nce invoice receipt has been entered, the customer can be billed as well‬
O
‭(t-code vf01). Since an outbound delivery doesn’t exist for the third-party the‬
‭invoicing will be order based. In the item category TAS definition, the billing‬
‭relevance indicator is set to F by default. That means: relevant for‬
‭order-related billing document: status according to invoice receipt quantity.‬
‭That is, the system allows invoicing the order only when vendor’s invoice has‬
‭been processed in invoice verification.‬

‭ he customer invoice is created for the quantity specified in the vendor‬


T
‭invoice. The setting in the copy control for the third-party item category from‬
‭sales document to billing document specifies that the quantity from the‬
‭invoice receipt is transferred to the billing document instead of the order‬
‭quantity (‬‭billing quantity‬‭indicator in copy control‬‭is F)‬

‭Valuated and non- valuated stock and stock differences:‬

‭ aluated means you want to know the Value of your material at any point of‬
V
‭time...‬

‭So, it will have price like "Standard/ Moving Average'..‬

‭Basing on the Stock will be valuated for respective periods..‬


‭ on-Valuated, you do not want any value to assign for valuation, and for that‬
N
‭case we will not maintain any Accounting view for Non-Valuated Type..‬

‭ nd when procuring Non-Valuated material, you need to provide Account‬


a
‭assignment and the material deemed to be consumed for that Account‬
‭assignment ..‬

‭To know the stcok for Valuated Material‬

‭MB51/MB52/MB5B‬

‭ nd for Non -Valuated you should check the procurement details against‬
a
‭Account assignment in‬

‭EKKN table..‬

‭What’s MTO AND MTS PROCESS and sd integration :‬

‭Overview‬
‭ he‬ ‭Market‬ ‭to‬ ‭Order‬ ‭process‬ ‭in‬ ‭SAP‬ ‭(also‬ ‭known‬ ‭as‬ ‭Make‬ ‭to‬ ‭Order‬ ‭or‬ ‭MTO),‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬
T
‭business‬ ‭process‬ ‭that‬ ‭involves‬ ‭the‬ ‭creation‬ ‭and‬ ‭fulfillment‬ ‭of‬‭customer‬‭or‬‭sales‬‭orders‬
‭for‬ ‭products‬ ‭that‬ ‭are‬ ‭not‬ ‭stocked‬ ‭in‬ ‭inventory‬ ‭or‬ ‭warehouses,‬ ‭but‬ ‭instead‬ ‭are‬
‭manufactured‬‭or‬‭procured‬‭specifically‬‭to‬‭fulfill‬‭these‬‭current‬‭orders,‬‭based‬‭on‬‭consumer‬
‭demand.‬ ‭This‬ ‭process‬ ‭is‬ ‭commonly‬ ‭used‬ ‭for‬ ‭products‬ ‭that‬ ‭have‬ ‭unique‬ ‭specifications,‬
‭characteristics,‬ ‭configurations,‬ ‭or‬ ‭customization‬ ‭requested‬ ‭by‬ ‭customers.‬ ‭The‬ ‭MTO‬
‭process‬‭is‬‭designed‬‭to‬‭ensure‬‭that‬‭products‬‭are‬‭produced‬‭or‬‭procured‬‭only‬‭when‬‭there‬‭is‬
‭a‬ ‭confirmed‬‭customer‬‭order,‬‭thus‬‭minimizing‬‭excess‬‭inventory‬‭and‬‭associated‬‭carrying‬
‭or storage costs.‬

‭ TO‬ ‭in‬ ‭SAP‬ ‭helps‬ ‭businesses‬ ‭to‬ ‭manage‬ ‭their‬ ‭production‬ ‭and‬ ‭inventory‬ ‭at‬ ‭optimum‬
M
‭levels.‬ ‭It‬ ‭enables‬ ‭companies‬ ‭to‬ ‭avoid‬ ‭overproduction‬ ‭and‬ ‭wastage,‬ ‭reduce‬ ‭excess‬
‭inventory‬ ‭costs,‬ ‭and‬ ‭respond‬ ‭effectively‬ ‭to‬ ‭real‬‭customer‬‭demand,‬‭thus‬‭better‬‭aligning‬
‭their manufacturing operations with actual market demand.‬

‭ AP’s‬ ‭modules,‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭Sales‬ ‭and‬ ‭Distribution‬ ‭(SD),‬ ‭Production‬ ‭Planning‬ ‭(PP),‬ ‭and‬
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‭Materials‬ ‭Management‬ ‭(MM),‬ ‭are‬ ‭closely‬ ‭integrated‬ ‭to‬ ‭facilitate‬ ‭a‬ ‭seamless‬ ‭MTO‬
‭process.‬‭Through‬‭proper‬‭and‬‭transparent‬‭production‬‭planning,‬‭resource‬‭allocation,‬‭and‬
‭real-time‬ ‭tracking,‬ ‭the‬ ‭MTO‬ ‭process‬ ‭in‬ ‭SAP‬ ‭allows‬ ‭organizations‬ ‭to‬ ‭efficiently‬ ‭fulfill‬
‭customer orders while minimizing the risk of overstocking or obsolete inventory.‬
‭How does the Market to Order process in SAP work?‬
‭Here’s a step-by-step overview of how the market to order cycle in SAP operates:‬

1‭ )Sales‬ ‭Order‬ ‭Creation:‬ ‭A‬ ‭customer‬ ‭places‬ ‭an‬ ‭order‬ ‭for‬ ‭a‬ ‭product‬ ‭with‬ ‭specific‬
‭customization‬ ‭or‬ ‭configuration‬ ‭requirements.‬ ‭A‬ ‭sales‬ ‭order‬ ‭is‬ ‭then‬ ‭created‬ ‭in‬ ‭SAP’s‬
‭Sales‬ ‭and‬ ‭Distribution‬ ‭(SD)‬ ‭module,‬ ‭which‬ ‭captures‬ ‭details‬ ‭like‬ ‭the‬ ‭customer’s‬
‭information,‬ ‭product‬ ‭specifications,‬ ‭quantity,‬ ‭delivery‬ ‭date,‬ ‭pricing,‬ ‭and‬ ‭any‬ ‭other‬
‭special requests or requirements.‬

2‭ )Material‬ ‭Requirement‬ ‭Planning‬ ‭(MRP):‬ ‭If‬ ‭the‬ ‭product‬ ‭is‬ ‭not‬ ‭available‬ ‭in‬‭stock,‬‭the‬
‭system‬‭triggers‬‭the‬‭Material‬‭Requirement‬‭Planning‬‭(MRP)‬‭process.‬‭MRP‬‭calculates‬‭the‬
‭material‬ ‭requirements‬ ‭based‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭sales‬ ‭order’s‬ ‭demand,‬ ‭taking‬ ‭into‬ ‭account‬ ‭lead‬
‭times, current inventory levels, and production capacities.‬

3‭ )Production‬ ‭Planning:‬ ‭If‬ ‭the‬ ‭product‬ ‭is‬ ‭manufactured‬ ‭in-house,‬ ‭SAP’s‬ ‭Production‬
‭Planning‬ ‭(PP)‬ ‭module‬ ‭generates‬ ‭a‬ ‭production‬ ‭order.‬ ‭The‬ ‭production‬ ‭order‬ ‭includes‬
‭details‬ ‭such‬ ‭as‬ ‭the‬ ‭product‬ ‭to‬ ‭be‬ ‭produced,‬ ‭quantity,‬ ‭manufacturing‬ ‭instructions,‬
‭required resources (materials, labour, machines), and production schedule.‬

4‭ )Procurement:‬ ‭If‬ ‭the‬ ‭product‬ ‭is‬ ‭externally‬ ‭sourced,‬ ‭SAP‬ ‭generates‬ ‭a‬ ‭purchase‬
‭requisition‬ ‭(PR).‬ ‭The‬ ‭purchase‬ ‭requisition‬ ‭initiates‬ ‭the‬ ‭procurement‬ ‭process,‬ ‭which‬
‭involves‬ ‭selecting‬ ‭a‬ ‭supplier,‬ ‭creating‬ ‭a‬ ‭purchase‬ ‭order,‬ ‭and‬ ‭receiving‬ ‭goods‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬
‭supplier.‬

5‭ )Manufacturing‬‭or‬‭Production:‬‭For‬‭in-house‬‭manufacturing,‬‭the‬‭production‬‭process‬‭is‬
‭executed‬ ‭based‬ ‭on‬ ‭the‬ ‭production‬ ‭order’s‬ ‭instructions.‬ ‭This‬ ‭involves‬ ‭assembling‬
‭components,‬ ‭applying‬ ‭customization,‬ ‭and‬ ‭conducting‬ ‭quality‬ ‭checks.‬ ‭For‬ ‭externally‬
‭procured‬ ‭items,‬ ‭the‬ ‭goods‬ ‭are‬ ‭received‬ ‭from‬ ‭the‬ ‭supplier‬‭and‬‭checked‬‭for‬‭quality‬‭and‬
‭accuracy.‬

6‭ )Goods‬ ‭Issue:‬ ‭Once‬ ‭the‬ ‭product‬ ‭is‬ ‭manufactured‬ ‭or‬ ‭procured,‬ ‭a‬ ‭goods‬ ‭issue‬ ‭is‬
‭performed.‬ ‭The‬ ‭goods‬ ‭are‬ ‭issued‬ ‭from‬ ‭inventory‬ ‭and‬ ‭reserved‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭specific‬ ‭sales‬
‭order, ensuring that the ordered quantity is allocated.‬

7‭ )Product‬ ‭delivery:‬ ‭A‬ ‭delivery‬ ‭document‬ ‭is‬ ‭created‬ ‭in‬ ‭SAP‬ ‭to‬ ‭manage‬ ‭the‬ ‭shipment‬
‭process.‬ ‭The‬ ‭product‬ ‭is‬ ‭packed,‬ ‭and‬ ‭shipping‬ ‭information‬ ‭(carrier,‬ ‭tracking‬ ‭number,‬
‭etc.) is recorded in the delivery document.‬
8‭ )Shipping:‬ ‭In‬ ‭this‬ ‭stage,‬ ‭the‬ ‭product‬ ‭is‬‭physically‬‭shipped‬‭to‬‭the‬‭customer’s‬‭specified‬
‭delivery address.‬

9‭ )Billing‬‭&‬‭Invoicing:‬‭After‬‭the‬‭product‬‭is‬‭delivered,‬‭the‬‭billing‬‭process‬‭is‬‭initiated.‬‭An‬
‭invoice is generated based on the pricing and terms specified in the sales order.‬

1‭ 0)Payment‬ ‭and‬ ‭Financials:‬ ‭The‬ ‭customer‬ ‭makes‬ ‭a‬ ‭payment‬ ‭for‬ ‭the‬ ‭invoice‬ ‭amount.‬
‭Financial records are updated to reflect the payment and transaction details.‬

‭ hroughout‬ ‭the‬ ‭entire‬ ‭SAP‬ ‭Market‬ ‭to‬‭Order‬‭process,‬‭SAP’s‬‭various‬‭modules‬‭(SD,‬‭PP,‬


T
‭MM,‬ ‭etc.)‬ ‭are‬ ‭aligned‬ ‭together‬ ‭to‬ ‭ensure‬ ‭accurate‬ ‭order‬ ‭processing,‬ ‭material‬
‭availability,‬‭production‬‭execution,‬‭procurement,‬‭and‬‭delivery.‬‭MTO‬‭in‬‭SAP‬‭thus‬‭allows‬
‭businesses‬ ‭to‬ ‭efficiently‬ ‭meet‬ ‭customer‬ ‭demand‬ ‭for‬ ‭customized‬ ‭products‬ ‭while‬
‭minimizing excess inventory and associated costs.‬

‭Given below is a process flow of a typical market to order cycle in SAP:‬

‭ALSO‬

‭Definitions of MTO and MTS from SAP‬

‭Even within the SAP websites the definitions are not clear:‬
‭Definition 1 from‬‭SAP Help‬

‭ ou can decide if production is triggered by sales orders (make-to-order‬


Y
‭production), or if it is not triggered by sales orders (make-to-stock production).‬

‭Definition 2 from‬‭SAP Glossary‬

‭ ake-to-order Production: A type of production in which a product is‬


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‭manufactured for a particular customer.‬ ‭(My comment:‬ ‭SAP means‬
‭*manufactured for a particular sales order/item).‬

‭ ake-to-stock Inventory: An inventory of goods that were not manufactured‬


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‭for specific sales orders or projects. The stock is anonymous.‬

‭ efinition 1 says that the difference between MTO and MTS is how production‬
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‭is triggered: actual sales orders or sales forecast respectively. Definition 2‬
‭suggests the difference is whether the resulting finished goods inventory is‬
‭segregated by sales order. In my opinion Definition 2 is correct. Definition 1 is‬
‭not definitive because within both MTO and MTS there is a continuum of‬
‭production triggering before and after the sales order.‬

‭Let’s take a closer look…‬

‭Definition 1 – Triggering of Production‬

‭ epending on the planning strategy set in the finished product (FERT) material‬
D
‭master and the settings in the assemblies’ material masters it is possible to‬
‭stock at different BOM levels based on forecast, prior to the entry of the sales‬
‭order. In the graphic below semi finished HALB1 is stocked based on the‬
‭forecast for the finished product but production of the finished product and‬
‭HALB 2 and its two assemblies is triggered only after the sales order is‬
‭entered.‬

‭ othing in this graphic tells us whether this is make-to-order or make-to-stock‬


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‭production!‬
‭Stocking at different BOM levels‬

I‭n fact, there is a‬‭continuum of stocking levels and‬‭procurement triggering‬‭for‬


‭MTO and MTS planning strategies as you can see in the graphic below.‬
‭Possible stocking levels for several MTO and MTS Planning Strategies‬

‭ ith‬‭MTO Strategy 20‬‭there is no sales forecast.‬ ‭Nothing is stocked prior to‬


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‭receipt of the sales order. Once the sales order is entered MRP triggers you to‬
‭procure all BOM levels and place the FERT in sales order segmented‬
‭inventory.‬

‭ ith‬‭MTO Planning without Final Assembly Strategy‬‭50‬‭sales are forecasted.‬


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‭You can choose to stock some/all ROHs and some/all HALBs prior to the‬
‭receipt of the sales order. Once the sales order is entered MRP triggers you to‬
‭procure the remaining ROHs, HALBs and the FERT and place it in sales order‬
‭segmented inventory.‬

‭ ith‬‭MTS Net Requirements Planning Strategy 10‬‭sales‬‭are forecasted. You‬


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‭stock the FERT as anonymous inventory based on forecast. The sales order‬
‭has no effect on MRP.‬

‭ ith‬‭MTS Planning with Final Assembly Strategy 40‬‭sales are forecasted. You‬
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‭stock the FERT as anonymous inventory based on forecast. If there is‬
‭insufficient FERT stock when the sales order is entered, MRP will trigger you‬
‭to procure all BOM levels until the extra FERTs are stocked. So these extra‬
‭sales orders trigger procurement of all BOM levels.‬
‭ TS Planning without Final Assembly Strategy 52‬‭is‬‭the close-cousin of MTO‬
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‭Strategy 50. Sales are forecasted. You can choose to stock some/all ROHs‬
‭and some/all HALBs prior to the receipt of the sales order. Once the sales‬
‭order is entered MRP triggers you to procure the remaining ROHs, HALBs and‬
‭the FERT and place it in anonymous inventory.‬

‭ herefore, the SAP Definition 1:‬‭You can decide if‬‭production is triggered by‬
T
‭sales orders (make-to-order production), or if it is not triggered by sales orders‬
‭(make-to-stock production)‬‭is not correct.‬

‭Definition 2 – Segmentation of Finished Goods Inventory‬

‭Here is the Stock Overview of a MTO finished good material C-1100:‬

‭Stock Overview for a MTO material‬

I‭f you double click on the line “Sales Order Stock” you see that 30 PC of the 77‬
‭PC are tied to sales order 242; 17 PC are tied to sales order 509 and so on. So,‬
‭the inventory is segmented by sales order. This segmentation defines‬
‭make-to-order!‬
‭Sales Order Stock‬

‭Now here is the Stock Overview of a MTS finished good material 578:‬

‭Stock Overview for a MTS material‬

‭ otice that there is no line “Sales Order Stock” under the storage location‬
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‭0001.‬
I‭n summary, with MTO production the resulting inventory is tied to a sales‬
‭order; in MTS the inventory is not tied to a sales order. Therefore,‬
‭segmentation of inventory by sales order is the only true determinant for‬
‭make-to-order.‬

‭ ote that it is possible for a material to exhibit both MTO and MTS behaviours.‬
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‭Manufacturers of sanitary appliances (toilets) are MTS but once in a while a‬
‭customer will request toilets without the manufacturer's logo stamped on‬
‭them, which is the normal practice in the industry. So they switch to MTO for‬
‭this sales order/item so that the stock is kept separate.‬

‭Conclusion‬

‭ ecause there is confusion in the industry as to the definitions of‬


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‭make-to-order and make-to-stock you are well advised to ask several‬
‭questions and look in your client’s SAP system before deciding what type of‬
‭production they run. You don't want to start off on the wrong foot with your‬
‭client!‬

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