Evaluation Topics and Study Material Sap SD
Evaluation Topics and Study Material Sap SD
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
1 Bussiness partner
ustomer pre requisites (custumer cust. ac , company code,
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2number acc and nu. range)
aterial pre requisites (material type, industry and no. range,
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3plant and org, loading groups)
4 All movement types including consignment process
5 Pricing procedure
6 OTC and extended version
7 Updates of stock , stock over view
8 settlement processes , all the integration part of mm-sd
s pecial sales processesMIGO, MIRO, mb1cCash sale,rush
9order and
10 Third party sales
11 Valuated and non valuated sales order stock differences
12 SD integration with MTO AND MTS
13 Third party sale with Subcontracting (subcontract)
Quantity value updating
flow of normal sales otc cycle
Listing and exclusion
Varient config.
material determination and substitution difference
costing and pricing pp part
costing (opti for self learning)
Customer prerequisites :
ttps://community.sap.com/t5/enterprise-resource-planning-blogs-by-members/sap-s
h
4hana-business-partners-configurations/ba-p/13566281#:~:text=For%20creation%20
of%20Vendor%20and,data%20and%20Sales%20organization%20data.
Prerequisites to create Business partners to customer:
or proceeding the above steps, we need to configure the S4Hana system by
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following configurations.
Material Prerequisites:
Movement types:
AP MOVEMENT TYPES
S ESCRIPTION
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501 Goods receipt without purchase order : unrestricted-use stock
503 Goods receipt without purchase order : stock in quality inspection
505 Goods receipt without purchase order : blocked stock
521 Goods receipt without order : unrestricted-use stock
523 Goods receipt without order : inspection stock
525 Goods receipt without order : blocked stock
531 Goods receipt of by-products from order
541 Transfer of unrestricted-use stock to subcontracting stock
543 Consumption from subcontracting stock
545 Goods receipt of by-products from subcontracting
551 Scrapping from unrestricted-use stock
553 Scrapping from inspection stock
555 Scrapping from blocked stock
557 Issue from stock in transit (adjustment posting)
561 Initial entry of stock balances : unrestricted-use stock
AP MOVEMENT TYPES
S ESCRIPTION
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563 Initial entry of stock balances : quality inspection
565 Initial entry of stock balances : blocked stock
581 Goods receipt of a by-product from network
● acking of the goods
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● Delivery processing of the goods
● Picking of items
● Shipping communication
● Planning & monitoring of shipping
● Post goods issue.
AP MOVEMENT
S
DESCRIPTION
TYPE
601 oods issue for delivery
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603 Goods issue for a stock transport order (shipping) with additional item
605 Goods receipt for a stock transport order (shipping) with additional item
Transfer of unrestricted-use stock : returnable packaging with customer
621
(shipping)
623 Goods issue from returnable packaging with customer (shipping)
Transfer of unrestricted-use stock : consignment stock at customer
631
(shipping)
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6 Goods issue from consignment stock at customer (shipping)
641 Goods issue for a stock transport order (shipping)
643 Goods issue for a cross-company-code stock transport order
Goods issue for a cross-company-code stock transport order performed in
645
one step (shipping)
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6 Goods issue for a stock transport order performed in one step (shipping)
651 Returns from customer (shipping)
653 Returns from customer (shipping) to unrestricted-use stock
655 Returns from customer (shipping) to inspection stock
657 Returns from customer (shipping) to blocked stock
661 Returns to vendor using shipping
673 Returns for a cross-company-code stock transport order (shipping)
Returns for a cross-company-code stock transport order (shipping)
675
performed in one step
Pricing Procedure:
nce the customer has paid, the entire process is completed and the order is
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marked as “closed” in the system. This is referred to as the cash closure. The
process is then repeated for each new customer order.
Stock overview and updates of stock: The stock overviewgives you an
verview of the stocks of the material across all organizational levels . This is
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the difference between this method and the views Plant Stock and Storage
Location Stock in the material master, which only give you an overview of the
stocks for a specific plant or storage location.
Procedure
1. Choose Logistics Materials Management Material Master Stock
Overview.
2. Specify a Display Version and under Selection of Display Levels select
the stocks that you want to display.
3. Enter further selection criteria and choose Execute.
Settlement Process and all the integration part of it:
I t integrates seamlessly with other SAP modules such as Sales and Distribution (SD), Materials
Management (MM), Financial Accounting (FI), and Controlling (CO). This integration ensures
that settlement processes are synchronised with relevant business transactions.
he module provides robust compliance features and maintains detailed audit trails of
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settlement activities. This ensures transparency and accountability in the settlement process,
facilitating regulatory compliance and audit requirements.
part from integrating with other SAP modules, SAP Settlement Management also supports
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integration with external systems such as CRM systems or third-party rebate management
solutions. This ensures seamless data exchange and interoperability across the organisation's
ecosystem.
ow let's check rush order: It has Del-rel. billing type and order-rel.bill.type
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activated with a billing doc type F2 assigned to it. That means we can have an
invoice created later with reference to delivery as well. There is no rush for
payment in a rush order.
Other important differences lie at item level like:
1.
ash sales item is not relevant for picking and “credit active” is not
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check marked at item level as we assume cash sales involve immediate
picking of material and do not require credit management because we
are receiving payment upfront. While rush order has credit management
activated as we can provide a facility to pay later to customers. It is also
relevant for picking.
2.
ash sales are assigned with an output type RD03 which will
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immediately print the invoice. Rush orders use standard output type
RD00.
3.
s mentioned above different accounts can be determined for cash
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sales for this account determination procedure KOFIAC is assigned to it.
4.
The cancellation doc type is SV for cash sales while S1 for rush orders.
5.
enerally business used different shipping points for cash sales while
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that is not the case with rush orders.
In MIGO you receive the goods from the vendor. For the goods
In MIGO you receive the goods from the vendor. For the goods
movement type 101 system posts the inventory posting. At this point
both FI & MM postings are made. The following entry posted by the
system
●
. In MIRO You receive the invoice from the vendor At this point also
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both FI & MM postings are made. The following entry posted by the
system
In third-party process the delivery of the goods required by the customer is
not done by sales organization where customer orders. Instead, the request of
the goods is forwarded to an external vendor who sends the material directly
to the customer.
hird-party process is triggered when the sales order with third-party item is
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created. Depending on settings done in customization third-party item
categories can be automatically determined by the system (automatic
third-party processing) or they can be changed from standard item to
third-party item category in sales order (manual third-party processing).
et’s look deeper into the settings in the system done for automatic and
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standard third-party process:
Item category TAS will be determined automatically for standard order (OR)
and item category group BANS (third-party item). Item category group can be
found in material master, Sales: Sales org.2 view.
ata: Order type = NB, Item Category = 5 and Acct.AssgntCat = X is the data
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for Purchase requisition. If it is filled like above the purchasing requisition will
be created automatically as standard purchasing requisition (NB), with item
category S and acc.assign cat X. The mapping of item category (from 5 to S)
can be found inIMG: MM->Purchasing->Define ExternalRepresentation of
item categories. The definition of account assignmentcategory can be found
inIMG: MM->Purchasing->Account assignment->Maintainacc.***. categories
SCHEDULE LINE CATEGORY DETERMINATION
fter saving sales order with item category TAS the purchase requisition is
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automatically created. In order to see the document go to:Environment ->
Status overviewand expand data for item, then expanddata for purchase
requisition as well:
ouble click on the requisition number and you will be taken to the purchase
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requisition document. The other way is to go to schedule line where you can
find the purchase requisition number.
If third-party item has more than one schedule line with confirmed quantity > 0,
then purchase requisition is created for each schedule line.
It is wise to have the vendor determined in source of supply at this stage of the
process (i.e. source list)
GOODS RECEIPT
ince during third-party processing goods are moved directly from the vendor
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to the customer, inventory management is not affected by this event. However,
if sales department would like to document and enter delivery to the customer
in the system it is possible depending on settings in customization. If account
assignment category 1 is used in item category definition, goods receipt is not
possible, as thegoods receiptindicator is not setfor this account assignment
cat. If account assignment category X is used, goods receipt is possible.
The goods receipt posting (t-code migo) would have the following effects:
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● he warehouse stock is not updated
● The goods receipt is posted directly to consumption and the
consumption quantity is updated
● The order value is posted to a GR/IR clearing account for invoice
verification purposes
● The goods receipt can be traced in the purchase order history
he goods receipt posting should happen when the vendor reports that
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outbound delivery was executed or customer confirms that delivery arrives.
ince no flow of goods occurs in the enterprise, the goods receipt posting
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results in updates on value basis.
INVOICE RECEIPT
nce invoice receipt has been entered, the customer can be billed as well
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(t-code vf01). Since an outbound delivery doesn’t exist for the third-party the
invoicing will be order based. In the item category TAS definition, the billing
relevance indicator is set to F by default. That means: relevant for
order-related billing document: status according to invoice receipt quantity.
That is, the system allows invoicing the order only when vendor’s invoice has
been processed in invoice verification.
aluated means you want to know the Value of your material at any point of
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time...
MB51/MB52/MB5B
nd for Non -Valuated you should check the procurement details against
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Account assignment in
EKKN table..
Overview
he Market to Order process in SAP (also known as Make to Order or MTO), is a
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business process that involves the creation and fulfillment ofcustomerorsalesorders
for products that are not stocked in inventory or warehouses, but instead are
manufacturedorprocuredspecificallytofulfillthesecurrentorders,basedonconsumer
demand. This process is commonly used for products that have unique specifications,
characteristics, configurations, or customization requested by customers. The MTO
processisdesignedtoensurethatproductsareproducedorprocuredonlywhenthereis
a confirmedcustomerorder,thusminimizingexcessinventoryandassociatedcarrying
or storage costs.
TO in SAP helps businesses to manage their production and inventory at optimum
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levels. It enables companies to avoid overproduction and wastage, reduce excess
inventory costs, and respond effectively to realcustomerdemand,thusbetteraligning
their manufacturing operations with actual market demand.
AP’s modules, such as Sales and Distribution (SD), Production Planning (PP), and
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Materials Management (MM), are closely integrated to facilitate a seamless MTO
process.Throughproperandtransparentproductionplanning,resourceallocation,and
real-time tracking, the MTO process in SAP allows organizations to efficiently fulfill
customer orders while minimizing the risk of overstocking or obsolete inventory.
How does the Market to Order process in SAP work?
Here’s a step-by-step overview of how the market to order cycle in SAP operates:
1 )Sales Order Creation: A customer places an order for a product with specific
customization or configuration requirements. A sales order is then created in SAP’s
Sales and Distribution (SD) module, which captures details like the customer’s
information, product specifications, quantity, delivery date, pricing, and any other
special requests or requirements.
2 )Material Requirement Planning (MRP): If the product is not available instock,the
systemtriggerstheMaterialRequirementPlanning(MRP)process.MRPcalculatesthe
material requirements based on the sales order’s demand, taking into account lead
times, current inventory levels, and production capacities.
3 )Production Planning: If the product is manufactured in-house, SAP’s Production
Planning (PP) module generates a production order. The production order includes
details such as the product to be produced, quantity, manufacturing instructions,
required resources (materials, labour, machines), and production schedule.
4 )Procurement: If the product is externally sourced, SAP generates a purchase
requisition (PR). The purchase requisition initiates the procurement process, which
involves selecting a supplier, creating a purchase order, and receiving goods from the
supplier.
5 )ManufacturingorProduction:Forin-housemanufacturing,theproductionprocessis
executed based on the production order’s instructions. This involves assembling
components, applying customization, and conducting quality checks. For externally
procured items, the goods are received from the supplierandcheckedforqualityand
accuracy.
6 )Goods Issue: Once the product is manufactured or procured, a goods issue is
performed. The goods are issued from inventory and reserved for the specific sales
order, ensuring that the ordered quantity is allocated.
7 )Product delivery: A delivery document is created in SAP to manage the shipment
process. The product is packed, and shipping information (carrier, tracking number,
etc.) is recorded in the delivery document.
8 )Shipping: In this stage, the product isphysicallyshippedtothecustomer’sspecified
delivery address.
9 )Billing&Invoicing:Aftertheproductisdelivered,thebillingprocessisinitiated.An
invoice is generated based on the pricing and terms specified in the sales order.
1 0)Payment and Financials: The customer makes a payment for the invoice amount.
Financial records are updated to reflect the payment and transaction details.
ALSO
Even within the SAP websites the definitions are not clear:
Definition 1 fromSAP Help
efinition 1 says that the difference between MTO and MTS is how production
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is triggered: actual sales orders or sales forecast respectively. Definition 2
suggests the difference is whether the resulting finished goods inventory is
segregated by sales order. In my opinion Definition 2 is correct. Definition 1 is
not definitive because within both MTO and MTS there is a continuum of
production triggering before and after the sales order.
epending on the planning strategy set in the finished product (FERT) material
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master and the settings in the assemblies’ material masters it is possible to
stock at different BOM levels based on forecast, prior to the entry of the sales
order. In the graphic below semi finished HALB1 is stocked based on the
forecast for the finished product but production of the finished product and
HALB 2 and its two assemblies is triggered only after the sales order is
entered.
ithMTS Planning with Final Assembly Strategy 40sales are forecasted. You
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stock the FERT as anonymous inventory based on forecast. If there is
insufficient FERT stock when the sales order is entered, MRP will trigger you
to procure all BOM levels until the extra FERTs are stocked. So these extra
sales orders trigger procurement of all BOM levels.
TS Planning without Final Assembly Strategy 52isthe close-cousin of MTO
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Strategy 50. Sales are forecasted. You can choose to stock some/all ROHs
and some/all HALBs prior to the receipt of the sales order. Once the sales
order is entered MRP triggers you to procure the remaining ROHs, HALBs and
the FERT and place it in anonymous inventory.
herefore, the SAP Definition 1:You can decide ifproduction is triggered by
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sales orders (make-to-order production), or if it is not triggered by sales orders
(make-to-stock production)is not correct.
If you double click on the line “Sales Order Stock” you see that 30 PC of the 77
PC are tied to sales order 242; 17 PC are tied to sales order 509 and so on. So,
the inventory is segmented by sales order. This segmentation defines
make-to-order!
Sales Order Stock
Now here is the Stock Overview of a MTS finished good material 578:
otice that there is no line “Sales Order Stock” under the storage location
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0001.
In summary, with MTO production the resulting inventory is tied to a sales
order; in MTS the inventory is not tied to a sales order. Therefore,
segmentation of inventory by sales order is the only true determinant for
make-to-order.
ote that it is possible for a material to exhibit both MTO and MTS behaviours.
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Manufacturers of sanitary appliances (toilets) are MTS but once in a while a
customer will request toilets without the manufacturer's logo stamped on
them, which is the normal practice in the industry. So they switch to MTO for
this sales order/item so that the stock is kept separate.
Conclusion