CH API ER 1

AFFIDAVIT
Me an ing of Af fid avi t :
Aff idu vjt is a wri tten dec lara tion
on oat h. A wri tten sta tem ent is
H:1/orn before a per son bay jng aut hor ity
to adm infa ter an oat h. An affi dav it
mw ,t be confined to suc h facts as
the dep one nt is abl e of his ow n
kno wle dge to Qrove, exc ep\ on inte
rloc uto ry app lica tion s on wh ich
Htatomonts as to bjs belief, wit h the
gro und s the reo f, ma y be adm itte d.
Ord er XIX ort he Code of Civil Pro ced
ure dea ls wit h the affidavits. Rul e
l of the Ord er lay s dow n ~ha t ''An y
cou rt ma y at any tim e for suf fici ent
rea son ord er tha t any par ticu lar fac t
or fac ts ma y be pro ved by affi dav it,
or tha t the aff ida vit of any wit nes s
ma y be ~ead at th~ hea ring , on suc h
conditions as the cou rt thin k rea son
abl e :
Pr'ovided tha t wh ere it app ear s to the
fide des ires the pro duc tion of wit nes s cou rt tha t eith er par ty bon a
for cro ss-e xam ina tion , and tha t suc h
wit nes s · can be pro duc ed, an ora er
sha ll not be .ma de aut hor isin g the
evidence of suc h wit nes s to be giv en
by affidavit. 11
- Rul e 2 of the Order; pro vid es tha
evidence ma y be giv en by affi dav it,
eith er par ty, ord er the atte nda nce for
t : 11 (1) Up on any app lica tion
but the cou rt may, at the .,ins tan ce of
cro ss-e xam in.a tion of the dep one nt.
(2) Suc h atte nda nce sha ll be
in cou rt, unl ess the dep one nt is
ex~mpte,d fro m per son al app ear anc e
directs. 11 in cou rt, or the cou rt oth erw ise
~-

-
- • - ..
•

Sec tion 139 of the Cod e of Civil Pro

ced ure pro vid es for the oat h on
affidavit by wh om to -be adm inis tere
d.
Acc ord ing to__tb.e Ru les of the .Bi gh
Co1:1rts in Ind ia, the re is no
difference._ bet we en the evi den ce giv
en in the box and the evi den ce on
affidavit in tha t the y are bot h abs olu
tely priv il.~ g~ and no act ion for libe
lies for any sta tem ent ma de in it. Th l
e rea l diff ere nce bet we en a 'sol em n
affinnfiljon' and 'afflctav1t' 1s tha t 'the
app lica nt is to sol em nly affi rm tha t
the sta tem ent ma d~ in the pet itio n are
tru e to his ow n kno wle dge wh ere as
in the cas e of an aff ida rit, it ma y
be swo rn by any per son acq uai nte d
with the fac ts of the cas e : [ILR 58
Cal 1389.]
Aff ida vit is dif fer ent- fro m dep osi tion
. In tha t the for me r is alw ays
made ex par te and wit hou t cro ss- e~
ipa tio n, wh ile the latt er is evidence
given on oat h in th.e_ wit nes s box and
is sub jec ted to cro ss-e xam ina tion of
the dep on enr .-- -
'
All af'ffiravits mu st stri ctly con form
to the pro vis ion s of Ord er X~
Rule 3 and in the ver ific atio n it mu
st be cle arly sta ted as to w~ ~\
Por tion s are bei ng swo rn on the
bas is of per son al kno wle dge a nd w
IC I
 IJ/Ffl•*.r.,11 S
F'LEf[JI/IG ORM- fltl6 1--tlD (,(.J
124

info rmc 1tfo n rr:c (;iv r:d and hr.;Ji<Nr:d

u, hr: tru ,:, In th< : 1~t .v.r
rm U,,, fwH ir, of ,;r.l. Wh rtr ~th ,, riat ;.Jr <:
info rma ti,1 n c;hould ~l,r 1 bu diflcfoi,
r·m u, t,h,1 c;r,u rcr,: r,f
on are nrJt discfoserJ,
th<.: aff ida vit i~ nrJt in
l Brm rcr,: ,,f inf orm ati
e in ~v1 den ee.
h an aff ida vit is ina dm iss ibl
nm
,cr, wit h Jaw and suc
11c cr,r rfor sho uld b'::
mat<:rial tha t the ~ff ida vit
IL iH f/r1ry imp rJr tan t and
{Jr'JJJorly vr.: riffo d othr1rw
if~e it can not oe tre ate d as e'v1cfenoo.
be
TH an im po rta nt doc um ent , and , the ref ore , it sho uld
Af1 i,fo vit
ft is not ew ort hy tlia t fur nis
hin g of a fal se affidavit
pr< Jpn md vr1ry car efu lly. Penal Codt"1S€€
199 and 200 of the Ind ian
iH puni,;h:-Jhi<.: urH kr Sectioos- Z007 Cn. L.,J. 1995 (K ant .)].
,
7: Re var tna v. II. C:hanrtn:tppa port of an
vit is ,;om etim eR als o req uir ed to be filed in sup ono o
gro un ds etc. should be me nti
An am da
d in tha t the fac ts and
app lica tio n an t the fac ts and
in the aff ida vit only. Bu t
the app lic ati on mu st sta te tha
giv en in the accompanying
grounds in sup port of the application are bei ng
affidavit. ent req uires gre at care and skill
ng an im po rta nt do cum
Affidavit bei s High
fting. It ma y be no ted irr thi s connection tha t variou
in its dra
rul es and aff ida vit sho uld be drafted so as to meet
Co urt s have made ifs
we ver, following rul es of genera
l
em ent s of tho se rul es. Ho
the requir idavit :
gui dan ce should be taken int
o account while pre pa rin g an aff
vit sha ll be fully described in
raJ The person making the affida ty clearly. Fo r thi s purpose,
his identi
an affidavit in order to establish name, his professional status,
con tai n the ful l nam e, fat her 's
it shall
te residential address.
occupation or tra de and comple and
fbJ An affidavit should
be divided into pa rag rap hs
t.o a
h pa rag rap h should be confined
numbered consecutively and eac
distinct fact.
to an y fact wi thi n bis own
(cJ 'The declarant when speaks ke
he sho uld use the wo rds "I solemnly affirm" or "I ma
knowledge
say " or tha t rrT he dep on ent solemnly affirms an d sta tes as
oath and
under." -
the
(dJ Affidavit should generally
be confined to ma tte rs within
kno w1 edg e of the dec lar ant . If he verifies a fac on t
personal ect
atio n rec eiv ed, he sho uld ma ke a specific me nti on to thi s eff
inform which
use the wo rds "th e tn: for ma tioh received from so an d so
and
I believe it to be true."
per son ma kin g an aff ida vit for us e in a civil court
r~) Every ore wh om the affidavit
1f no t personally known to the pe rso n bef
~haH, some on e kn ow n to him, and
18 be ide nti fie d to 11i e pe rso n by
made, the foot
idavit is ma de sh all sta te at
!~e tie rs~ ;d berore ';Vhom the aff
wh o: :b: ~;
h
1
t
e~~
~he
1fic
~a
t~fi
me
tion ~
,
wa
ad
s
dre
ma
ss an d de scr ipt ion of the pe rso
de as well as the da te, tim e banda
n by

place of su~ 1 icat10n Su ch id t"fi t· be mad e y

en ac uai · . en 1 1ca 10n ma y
person personally nti fie d ~r
~at is~ ed fro m papers 1n t:~
d wi th , the pe rs~ n to be ide ise of his
1dent1ty.
t person s possess10n or oth erw

(fJ The peroon before whom affidavit is Leing ma de sh all , before

 AFFIDAVl,-- -- - - - - - - - - -1-25- -

such affidavit
the same is made , ask t~e perso n proposing to make
th nts thereof and
if he has read e ~ffidavit and understood the conte
s that he has not
if the perso n prop osmg to make such affidavit state
d the contents
read the affid avit or appe ars not to have understoo
e whom the
thereof! ~r a~pe ars to be illite rate, the person befor
cause some other
affidavit is bemg mad e shall read and explain, or
nce the affid avit
competent perso n to read and explain in his prese
when the person
to the perso n prop osing . to_ make the same, anc1
satis fied fuat the
before whom ~he affid avit 1s being made is thus
d the conte nts
person prop osmg to mak e such affidavit understoo
thereof, the affid avit may be made.
shall certify
(g) The perso n before whom an affidavit is made
of the affidavit
at the foot of the affid avit the fact of the maki ng
wher e it was
before him and the date, time and place when and
mark and initia l
made, and shall for the purp ose of identification
exhibits refer red to in the affidavit.
shall be
(h) Any clerical error corrected in the affid avit
is made.
initialled by the perso n before whom the affidavit
, but a
(i) Ame ndm ent in an affidavit is not perm itted
the cour t when
supp leme ntary affid avit can be filed with tnele ave of
any addition is
any error or mist ake is inteii'aea to be corrected or
intended to be made . - -
U) The affidavit should contain the following oath or affirmation
at the end. -
n iL.tr ue or,
"I swea r ~ solemnly affirm that m__y J his decla ratio
that it conceals
that t'rie conte nts '5f this affiqavit are true, and
--
noth ing materia1, and that no part of it ,is (al.§..e ~'
genu inene ss
Verification : An affidavit must be verified to show the
ln and also to make
and authe ntici ty of facts and alleg ation smade tnere
of an ajnd avit must
the deponent liable for the allegations. Verification
The verification must
be done on the lines of Orde r lCTX, Rule 3, C.P.C.
ered para grap hs
specifically make a ment ion ; ith reference to the numb
knowledge and what
of the affidavit as to wna t Ee verifies of hisp erso nal
him to be true. It
he verifies upon infor mat ion received and beli§_ved by
based._ on personal
has been held that - wher e an aver ment is not
disclosed. [State of
knowledge, the source of information should clearly be
ion Comp any )
Bombay v. Pursottam, AIR 1952 SC 317; Ranjit Construct
Delhi 64.] If an
Ltd. v. National Highways Authority of Indfa, AIR 2004
in evidence.
affidavit is not prop erly verified it cann ot be admi tted
CONTENTS OF AFFIDAVIT
be divided into
(i) P_arts of an_gffida.vit.-An affid~vit_ may broadly
the following parts , namely, the caus e title, description of the deponent :
suom vided into two
Oath or affirmation, recitaTs, which may, again, be
which he swea rs
Parts, the first des cribing the capacity ~of the depo nent in
in a narrative
or affirms, and second the fact or facts put down
of the deponent and
~~quenc~, verific~tion by' the depo ~ent, ' identification
n before whom an
e certificate of verification to be given by the perso
affidavit is swor n.

~e c ir ~ ~ ~ ~
 126 PLEADING, DRAFTING AND CONVEYANCING

(ii ) Analy szs of Parts .-(a) Cause Title .-~d~ ~it shall be e_!ltitle~ :
"In the Court of.. .... at............ (narrim g the Court ) .or B_,:fore :he...... (namn ~.g
· 1,1on
t}1e d es1gna "- :n::- n·ty1.
of th e auuio :'I II If the affida vit be ~
m suppo rt- of, . or 1n
· ...1,0, an app1·ica t·10n re specti·ng any case, 1n the
. court, it .shall
oppos1·t ion
a l so b e en t 1·t1e d m · sueh case. If, there be no such case, 1t shall
"In the mille r of.. ..... "
Thus, the form of Cause of Title can be set as follows
be
--
entitle d.

In the court of/Before ............. at............ .

SuiUc ase no.......... of.. ....... ..
In the matte r of.. .......... ..
(b) Descr iption .2f the._ deJ2Q lJ&nt. -Every perso n makin g 8:ny
a.ffida~it
fy him
shall, be descr ibed there in in such mann er as shall serve to identithe full
clearl y, and wher e necess1ary fo~ this purpo se, it shall
conta in
caste or
na~~ • with aliase s, if any, age, the name of his father , his ess or
religi on, his rank or statu s in life or his profes sion, trade , busin g the
other avoca tion or callin g and the true place of his resid ence- statin
reside nce.
prese nt addre ss if the same be, differ ent from his tru~ place of
It will, thus, be set in the follow ing form :
by
. . Affid avit of._. .... alias (if any), aged ........ son of............... by caste ..........
religi on ......... .. resid ent of.. ......... at prese nt residi ng at ......... .... .
(c) Oath or Affir matio n.-To be in the follow ing form -
"I, the above -nam ed depon ent, do hereb y swear /solem nly
affirm as follow s."
as
(d) Recit als.- The first parag raph of the recita ls must begin
follow s :
11
1. That I am ......... (State capac ity of depon ent, wheth er a
plaint iff, defen dant, appli cant or oppos ite party , or petiti oner or
pairo kar or agent or attorn ey of any party , petiti oner or
appli cant) in the above case/ matte r and, theref ore, fully
acqua inted with the facts depos ed to here below."
any
Unles s it be other wise provi ded, an affida vit may be made by
part of
perso n havin g cogni zance of the facts depos ed to and the openi ng
the recita ls is mean t to disclo se this capac ity of the depon ent.
There after, shoul d begin the subse quen t parag raphs .
Thus, each affida vit shall be divid ea into p~rag raphs and every
may be,
parag raph shall be numb ered conse cutive ly, and, as nearl y as
shall be confin ed to a distin ct portio n of the subje ct.
the
In case the affida vit is a count er-aff idavit or r;join der affida vit,
ent, shall
parag raph just after the first disclo sing capac ity of the depon
the same
state that he has read the affida vit of his adver sary or that
stood
has been read over and expla ined to him, and that he has fully under rd
rega s
the conte nts thereo f, and then the facts shoul d be state d how he
sary's
the truth or conte nts of each parag raph in seque nce of his adver
affida vit.
his
When the decla rant in any affida vit speak s to any fact withi n
perso n.
know ledge , he 1nust do so direct ly and positi vely and in the first
 AFFIDAVIT

ll con tain no sta tem ent whieh ism • • th en a tur e of

The affi davf it sha
· 0 · · purely of law.
exp ress wn . ~pl illo n or arg um ent or which is a ma tter
811
gs, affidavits shall stri ctly be
Except m mterlocutory proceedin
d to suc h fac ts as the dec lara nt is able of his own knowledge to
con fine hin
w~en the par ticu lar fact is not wit
prove. In int~rlocutory proceedings
dec lara nt s ow n kno wle dge , but 1s sta ted from information obt ed ain
the
the expression "I am informed" and
from others, the dec lara nt sha ll use
h be the cas e, "an d ver ily believ e it to be true", and shall sta te the
if suc of
ently describ e, for the purpose
name an? add res s of, and suffici suc h
tificat10 n, the per son or per sons from whom he received
iden facts
or the opposition thereto res ts on
information, wh en the application
d in doc um ent s or cop ies of doc uments produced from any court
disclose rce
lara nt shall sta te wh at is the sou
of justice or oth er source, the dec the
his information and belief as to
from which the y we re produced, and ed
documents. When any place is ref err
truth of the fact disclosed in such
described. When in an affidavit any
to an affidavit, it sha ll be correctly h
the correct name and add res s of suc
person is ref err ed to, suc h person,
and suc h fur the r des crip tion as may be sufficient for the pur pos e
person,
ll be given in the affidavit.
of identification of suc h person, sha
are over, the deponent sha ll verify
(e) Ver ific ati on. -W hen the recitals or
losing the source of information
the conten ts -of the affidavit ci\sc tru e. Suc h
facts are sta ted to be
knowledge on bas is of which the
form :
verification wil l be in the following
do hereby swear/solemnly affirm
"I, ... .. .......... , the above deponent, my
... to...... of this affidavit are tru e to
that the con ten ts of par agr aph ...... be
tion received and believed by me to
personal knowledge/true to informa God )- to
been concealed (So help me
true, and tha t not hin g ma teri al E.as
be used in case of swearing)-
Verified at ...... .. ..... on ......... .. Dep onent."
MODEL FORMS
FORl\f No. 1
..
IN THE COURT OF..... .. .... . AT........
In the ma tter of S versus B
Sui t No ...... .... of 201 7
Sui t for Recovery of Rs. 1 lac
TIFF
AFFIDAVIT ON BEHALF OF PLAIN kti
I, S son of z aged about 40 yea
rs, res ide nt of House No. 100 5 Sha
rm on oat h
solemnly declare and affi
Vihar, Bhiwani, Ha rya na do hereby
as under :
1. Th at I gave Rs. 90, 000 as
debt to Mr. B on 1-1 -20 16 at the
int ere st rat e of 12% per annum.
2. Th at now Mr. B is to pay to
me Rs. 1 lac including interest.
Sd-
Place ··········· ·· Deponent
Date..............
tha t the contents of par as 1-2
Ve rif ica tio n.- I, S do hereby verify
 PLEADING, DRAFTING AND CONVEYANCING

my knowledge and belief. Nothing has been concealed

f\l'(' ('t)1'1'('l't lo
tlWl'l'\t\, Sd-
Pht('l' ........... ..
Deponent
l).tt t' ...... ...... ·
Note. Form no. 1 is the Affidavit which is given during litigation
\\'h rNlS Affidavit which is demanded in executive offices is shown belo~
0
ns Fann No. 2.
FORM No. 2
AFFIDAVIT
I. ......... A, son of Shri B aged about 54 years, resident of House No .... ,
Ekta Colony, Delhi, do hereby solemnly declare and affirm on oath as
under :
1. That my date of birth is 5-6-1955
2. That my annual income from all sources 1s Rs. 4 lacs.
Place............. Sd-
Date........ ...... Deponent
Verification .-!, A do hereby verify that the contents of paras no.
1-2 are correct to my knowledge and belief. Nothing has been concealed
therein.
Place............ . Sd-
Date ....... ...... . Deponent