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Theory

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10 views6 pages

Theory

AD 2, 3

Uploaded by

zephyr030201
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experimet No: 2 Date:

Smoke flow visualization studies on a two dimensional circular cylinder


at low speeds
Aim:
To cary out the smoke flow visualization on a two dimensional circular cylinder and
to draw the flow pattern observed at different speeds.

Equipment:
Subsonic wind tunnel, Circular cylinder model with support mount, Smoke
generation apparatus, liquid paraffin, manometer.

Theory:
In general. fiow visualizaton is an experimental means of examining the flow pattem
around a body or over its surface. The fñow is visualized by introducing dye. smoke
or pigment to the fow in the area under investigation. The primary advantage of
such a method is the ability to provide a description of a fiow over a model without
complicated data reduction and analysis.
Smoke flow visualization involves the injection of streams of vapor into the flow. The
vapor follows filament lines (lines made up of all the fluid particles passing through
the injection point). Insteady flow thefilament lines are identical to streamlines (lines
everywhere tangent to the velocity vector). Smoke-flow visualization can thus reveal
the entire flow pattern around a body.
Procedure:
1. Mount the circular cylinder model with its support in the tunnel test section
securely.
2. Ensure that the tunnel is not having any loose components.
3. Generate the smoke for the flow visualization through smoke generator.
4. Adjust the amount of smoke generated by adjusting heater control provided
with smoke generator.

AERODYNAMICS LABORATORY (10AELS7) 6


location of stagnation
5 Observe the flow pattemaround the body and infer the
shedding nature at
point. fow separation, fonation of eddies and vortex
different speeds (at different Reynolds Number).
Reynolds Number with aneat
6. Tabulate the observed flow pattern at different
sketch with inference.

7. Gradually shutdown the tunnel.


circular cylinder is shown below:
Atypical image of smoke past a

Fig. Smoke past a cyfinder


objects as shown belaw.
Reynolds number has infiuence on nature of fiow past

40 < R:n < 150 A lainar votex Sreet

The toundary aver is laninar un to t*


I50 < Rep < 3x05 separation point: the voriex strect is
tarbulent, and the wake lon ficld is
inereasinglv threc- dimensional

Iransition to a lus bukn: Nundary lat


before sepuration; the wake womo
nafrow And disrganize

A turbulcnt vortex strcct is reeslablished,


3.5 xI0< R¢p but S narroWCr than wäs thc case

AERODYNAMICS LABORATORY (10AELS7)


Formula:
1.Velocity:
2P
-P-rl=3.77, h, -h,
2. Reynolds Number.
Re = pVD

where - Density of air=1.2 Kg/m³


V -Velocity of air in m/s
D - Diameter of cylinder-0.050 m
- Dynamic viscosity of air = 1.7e5 Ns/m2

Tabular Column:

S. No. Speed Manometer Velocity= Re. No. Flow Inference


(RPM) Diff height 3.77h Re= pVD pattem
Ah
1.

Maintain avery Low Speed for Flow Visualisation.


Result:
Thus the flow visualization is carried out and the flow pattern around the
different Reynolds number and velocity is body at
observed
Date:
Experiment No: 5

circular cylinder at
Surface Pressure distributions ona two-dimensional
drag
lowspeeds and calculation of pressure

Aim:
circular cylinder and to
To Measure the pressure distribution on atwo-dimensional
estimate the drag of the cylinder.

Equipment:
Lowspeed wind tunnel, Multi tube manometer, Cylinder model with pressure tapings
and with support mount, Pitot - static tube.

Diagram:
nvisci
figw
Real fuid.

Fig: ldeal flowand Actual staticpressure


distribution over a circular cylinder
Theory:
There are various methods by which the
drag of the bluff body can be
One such method is measured.
estimating the drag of the body by measuring the
distribution over the body. Here the pressure pressure
measured which comes from the pressure force distribution over the cylinder is
the cylinder. Then in turn by created by the free stream flow Ovel
suitable formula the drag generated by the
calculated. cylinder iS

AERODYNAMICS LABORATORY (10AELS7) 14


Procedure:
1. Assemble the cylinder with pressure tapings in the test section with the helo
of support. Connect the pressure tapping to manometer.
2 Rotate the cylinder SUch that the static holes form the upper or lower surface
of the cyinder.
3. Ensure the tunnel for any loose components and start the tunnel.
4. Run the tunnel at various desired speeds and note down the manometer
reading which measures the surface pressure distribution of the cylinder.
5. Also note down the Pitot-Static tubes manometer reading.
6. Since the cylinder is axially symmetric the pressure distribution is measured
for half the surface and the same trend follows for another haif portion.
7. Gradually shut down the tunnel.
Data Reducion:
1. Dynamic Pressure . q:

9 =p- -P, =p
ps = tunnel static pressure

2. Pressure Coefficient

P-P Ah,
C, =

where, p= Static pressure values measured around cylinder


ps= Tunnelstatic pressure
Ah = manometer ifferential column height wrt tunnel static
3. Pressure Coefficient (theoretical value) :
C, =1-4Sin'0
Where, = Angular location of static ports around the cylinder
4. Drag Coefficient:
Co C cos0d0
We do not have continuous pressure distribution; therefore we evaluate this with a
numerical summation.
AERODYNAMICS LABORATORY (10AELS7) 15
Tabular Column:

P. -P.)=-3.77, h

Interval C COse x de
S. Differential Cp Cp
No height Experimental Theoretical (rad) between Experi
Ah, Ah. C, = ports mental
Theoretical
C, = |-4Sin'0 de

C-=

Graph:

Cp Vs theoretical and compare with experimental values

Results:
Drag values theoretical and
experimental
Justification
1. Thus the pressure
distribution around the cylinder is measured and the drag
of the cylinder is
estimated.
2. The
coefficient of drag of cylinder, Cp=

AERODYNAMICS LABORATORY (10AELS7)


16

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