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First & Second Conditional + Questions

first and second conditional

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67 views7 pages

First & Second Conditional + Questions

first and second conditional

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The First Conditional

The first conditional has the present simple after 'if', then the future simple in the other clause:

• if + present simple, ... will + infinitive

It's used to talk about things which might happen in the future. Of course, we can't know what
will happen in the future, but this describes possible things, which could easily come true.

• If it rains, I won't go to the park.

• If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.

• If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes.

• She'll be late if the train is delayed.

• She'll miss the bus if she doesn't leave soon.

• If I see her, I'll tell her.

First vs. zero conditional

The first conditional describes a particular situation, whereas the zero conditional describes
what happens in general.

For example (zero conditional): if you sit in the sun, you get burned (here I'm talking about
every time a person sits in the sun - the burning is a natural consequence of the sitting)

But (first conditional): if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about what will
happen today, another day might be different)

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First vs. second conditional

The first conditional describes things that I think are likely to happen in the future, whereas the
second conditional talks about things that I don't think will really happen. It's subjective; it
depends on my point of view.

For example (first conditional): If she studies harder, she'll pass the exam (I think it's possible
she will study harder and so she'll pass).

But (second conditional): If she studied harder, she would pass the exam (I think that she won't
study harder, or it's very unlikely, and so she won't pass).

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First Conditional Exercise

Put the verb into the correct first conditional form.

1. If I __________________ (go) out tonight, I __________________ (go) to the cinema.


2. If you __________________ (get) back late, I __________________ (be) angry.
3. If we __________________ (not / see) each other tomorrow, we __________________
(see) each other next week.
4. If he __________________ (come), I __________________ (be) surprised.
5. If we __________________ (wait) here, we __________________ (be) late.
6. If we __________________ (go) on holiday this summer, we __________________ (go)
to Spain.
7. If the weather __________________ (not / improve), we __________________ (not /
have) a picnic.
8. If I __________________ (not / go) to bed early, I __________________ (be) tired
tomorrow.
9. If we __________________ (eat) all this cake, we __________________ (feel) sick.
10. If you __________________ (not / want) to go out, I __________________ (cook)
dinner at home.
11. I __________________ (come) early if you __________________ (want).
12. They __________________ (go) to the party if they __________________ (be) invited.
13. She __________________ (stay) in London if she __________________ (get) a job.
14. He __________________ (not / get) a better job if he __________________ (not / pass)
that exam.
15. I __________________ (buy) a new dress if I __________________ (have) enough
money.
16. She __________________ (cook) dinner if you __________________ (go) to the
supermarket.
17. They __________________ (go) on holiday if they __________________ (have) time.
18. We __________________ (be) late if we __________________ (not / hurry).
19. She __________________ (take) a taxi if it __________________ (rain).
20. I __________________ (not / go) if you __________________ (not / come) with me.

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The Second Conditional

The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive:

if + past simple, ... would + infinitive

(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing).

It has two uses:

1. We can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true.
Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.

• If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. (I probably won't win the lottery).

• If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.

• She would travel all over the world if she were rich.

• She would pass the exam if she ever studied. (She never studies, so this won't

happen).

2. We can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's
not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples:

• If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's
impossible for me to call him.)

• If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.

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How is this different from the first conditional?

This kind of conditional sentence is different from the first conditional because this is a lot more
unlikely.
For example (second conditional):

• "If I had enough money, I would buy a house with twenty bedrooms and a swimming
pool." (I'm probably not going to have this much money, it's just a dream, not very real.)

But (first conditional):

• "If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes." (It's much more likely that I'll have
enough money to buy some shoes.)

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Second Conditional Exercise

Put the verb into the correct tense to make the second conditional.

1. If I _________________ (be) you, I _________________ (get) a new job.


2. If he _________________ (be) younger, he _________________ (travel) more.
3. If we _________________ (not / be) friends, I _________________ (be) angry with
you.
4. If I _________________ (have) enough money, I _________________ (buy) a big
house.
5. If she _________________ (not / be) always so late, she _________________ (be)
promoted.
6. If we _________________ (win) the lottery, we _________________ (travel) the
world.
7. If you _________________ (have) a better job, we _________________ (be) able to
buy a new car
8. If I _________________ (speak) perfect English, I _________________ (have) a
good job.
9. If we _________________ (live) in Mexico, I _________________ (speak) Spanish.
10. If she _________________ (pass) the exam, she _________________ (be) able to
enter university.
11. She _________________ (be) happier if she _________________ (have) more
friends.
12. We _________________ (buy) a house if we _________________ (decide) to stay
here.
13. They _________________ (have) more money if they _________________ (not /
buy) so many clothes
14. We _________________ (come) to dinner if we _________________ (have) time.
15. She _________________ (call) him if she _________________ (know) his number.
16. They _________________ (go) to Spain on holiday if they _______________ (like)
hot weather.
17. She _________________ (pass) the exam if she _________________ (study) more.
18. I _________________ (marry) someone famous if I _________________ (be) a
movie star.

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19. We never _________________ (be) late again if we _________________ (buy) a
new car.
20. You _________________ (lose) weight if you _________________ (eat) less.

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