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33 views25 pages

For Chapter 3 in The Teacher and The Community...

ppt

Uploaded by

Edzel Basijan Macatumbas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 3:

SOCIAL SCIENCE THEORIES


and their IMPLICATIONS to
EDUCATION
Introduction
Sociologist today employ three
primary theoretical perspectives.
These perspectives offer sociologists
theoretical paradigms for explaining
how society influences people, and
how people influence society. Each
perspective uniquely conceptualizes
society, social forces, and human
behavior.
Structural-Functional Theory
“Society is a sy s t em of
interconnected parts each
with a unique function.
The parts have to work
together for stability and
balance of society.”

-Herbert Spencer
Structural-Functional Theory

● every component of the society serves a


function
● focuses on how education serves the need
of society
● functionalists see education as a beneficial
contribution to an ordered society
Structural-Functional Theory

● focused on social stability and


solidarity.
● functionalism sees active social
changes as undesirable .
Purposes of Schooling according to the
Functionalists

Intellectual purposes

Acquisition of cognitive skills,


inquiry skills.
Purposes of Schooling according to the
Functionalists

Political purposes

Educate future citizens; patriotism;


promote assimilation of immigrants;
ensure order, public civility and
conformity of laws.
Purposes of Schooling according to the
Functionalists

Economic purposes

Promote students for later work


roles; select and train labor force
needed by society.
Purposes of Schooling according to the
Functionalists

Social purposes

Promote a sense of social and moral


responsibility; serve as a site for the solution
of social problems; supplement the efforts of
other institutions of socialization such as the
family and the church.
Conflict Theory

Talcott Ralf
Karl Marx Max Weber Parsons Dahrendorf
Formulated theories as to what causes conflict, its
normalcy, and the impact it has on societies.
Conflict Theory

• Emphasize looking at the history and events


in a society in terms of structural power
divisions, such as social class.

• A structural conflict approach, such as


Marxism, believes that society is in a conflict
between the classes.
Conflict Theory

• Some sociologists, such as Crouch (2001),


categorize conflict theories across two axes:
momentous vs. mundane and exceptional vs.
endemic.

• This categorization reflects when and the extent


to which theorists believe that conflict is
pathological in a society.
Conflict Theory

• A general term covering a number of


sociological approaches, which appose
functionalism and which share the idea that
the basic feature of all societies was the
struggle between different groups for access
to limited resources.
Conflict Theory

• Assume that all societies have structural


power divisions and resource inequalities
that lead to groups having conflicting
interests (Wells, 1979).
How Proponents of Conflict Theory
Regard Education

• The purpose of education is to maintain social


inequality and to preserve the power of those who
dominate society and teach those in the working
class to accept their position as a lower class
worker of society.
How Proponents of Conflict Theory
Regard Education

• Education is a powerful means of maintaining


power structures and creating a docile work force
for capitalism.

• Conflict theorists call this the "hidden curriculum".


Symbolic Interaction Theory

A sociological theory that focuses on


how people create shared meaning through
language and symbols during interaction.
Symbolic Interaction Theory

George Herbert Mead (1863–1931)


was an American philosopher,
sociologist, and psychologist. He is
considered one of the founders
of symbolic interactionism.
Symbolic Interaction Theory

Herbert George Blumer


(1900–1987) was an American
sociologist known for his work on
symbolic interactionism and social
research methods.
Three Tenets of Symbolic
Interaction Theory

• An individual action depends on meaning.

• Different People may give different


meanings to the same thing.

• Meaning changes as individual interact


with one another.
Implication to Teaching

Labeling Theory

Example: A student who performs


poorly on a test. Teacher might label
them as a "low achiever".
Implication to Teaching

Credentials Matter

Example: Degrees and Certificates are


like symbols of achievement.
Implication to Teaching

Grade Inflation

Example: Grades used to mean


something specific like A, B, or C. But now an
average grade might be an A. This affects
employers see qualifications.
Weakness of Symbolic Interaction
Theory

1. Neglect of emotions
Symbolic Interactionism focuses on symbols and
communication but overlooks emotion as a basic for
social interaction.

2. Lack of Macro - Social Analysis


The theory doesn't address larger societal influence
due to its emphasis on personal interpretation.
Thank you
for listening!

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