U.S.

Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Statistics

September 2023, NCJ 307089

Bul l etin
Criminal Victimization, 2022
Alexandra Thompson and Susannah N. Tapp, PhD, BJS Statisticians

T
he rate of violent victimization in the The rate of violent victimization reported to
United States rose to 23.5 victimizations police followed a similar pattern. This rate
per 1,000 persons age 12 or older in 2022, trended downward during the past 30 years,
after reaching a 30-year low of 16.4–16.5 during falling from 33.8 (1993) to 9.7 (2022) reported
2020–2021 (figure 1). Violent victimization victimizations per 1,000 persons. However,
includes rape or sexual assault, robbery, 2022 (9.7 per 1,000) marked a rise in the rate
aggravated assault, and simple assault. Despite of reported violent victimization from 2021
the recent increase, the last three decades saw an (7.5 per 1,000).
overall decline in the violent victimization rate
from 79.8 to 23.5 per 1,000 from 1993 to 2022.

FIGURE 1
Rate of violent victimization and violent victimization reported to police, 1993–2022
Rate per 1,000 persons age 12 or older
90
80
70 Total violent victimization
60 Violent victimization reported to police
50
40
30
20
10
0
1993 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2022
Note: See table 1 for definitions and appendix table 1 for estimates, standard errors, and 95% confidence intervals. Estimates for 2006
should not be compared to other years. See Criminal Victimization, 2007 (NCJ 224390, BJS, December 2008) for more information on
changes to the 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1993–2022.

HIGHLIGHTS
„ The violent victimization rate increased from 16.5 „ About 10% of violent victimizations involved a
victimizations per 1,000 persons in 2021 to 23.5 firearm in 2022, an increase from 2021 (7%).
per 1,000 in 2022. „ Victims received assistance from a victim service
„ From 1993 to 2022, the overall rate of violent provider in 9% of violent victimizations in 2022.
victimization declined from 79.8 to 23.5 „ In 2022, about 1.24% (3.5 million) of persons age
victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. 12 or older nationwide experienced at least one
„ In 2022, about 2 in 5 (42%) violent victimizations violent crime.
were reported to police. „ The burglary or trespassing rate was lower in
„ Motor vehicle theft victimization increased from 2022 (14.6 victimizations per 1,000 households)
a rate of 4.3 victimizations per 1,000 households than in 2018 (21.1 per 1,000) but has been
in 2021 to 5.5 per 1,000 in 2022. relatively flat since 2020.
Findings are based on the National Crime Victimization
Victimization estimates
Survey (NCVS), a self-report survey administered
annually from January 1 to December 31. Annual NCVS Victimizations reflect the total number of times that
estimates are based on the number and characteristics persons or households were victims of crime. There were
of crimes that respondents experienced during the prior 6.6 million violent victimizations of persons age 12 or
6 months, excluding the month in which they were older in the United States in 2022, up from 4.6 million in
interviewed. Therefore, the 2022 survey covers crimes 2021, but similar to the number in 2018 (table 1).1
experienced from July 1, 2021 to November 30, 2022,
with March 15, 2022 as the middle of the reference Victimization rates measure the extent to which
period. Crimes are classified by the year of the survey violent and property victimizations occur in a specified
and not by the year of the crime. To make reliable population during a specified time. After declining from
comparisons over time, this report examines only NCVS 2018 (23.2 victimizations per 1,000 persons) to 2021
data collected since the survey’s 1993 redesign. (16.5 per 1,000), the overall violent victimization rate in
2022 rose to 23.5 per 1,000, which was not statistically
NCVS data can be used to produce: different from the 2018 rate. The rate was higher for all
types of violent crime in 2022 than in 2020 and 2021.
„ Victimization estimates—The total number of times
that persons or households were victims of crime. For Rates of robbery and simple assault did not differ
personal crimes, the number of victimizations is the significantly across the 5-year period from 2018 to 2022.
number of victims of that crime. Each crime against The rate of rape or sexual assault was lower in 2022
a household is counted as having a single victim: the than in 2018 (1.9 vs. 2.7 per 1,000), while the rate of
affected household. aggravated assault was higher (5.5 vs. 3.8 per 1,000). The
„ Incident estimates—The number of specific criminal rate of violent crime involving a weapon was also higher
acts involving one or more victims. in 2022 (6.4 per 1,000) than in 2018 (4.8 per 1,000).

„ Prevalence estimates—The number or percentage of Although the rate of domestic violence (violent
unique persons who were crime victims, or of unique victimizations that were committed by current or
households that experienced crime. former intimate partners or family members) increased
from 2021 to 2022, the rate in 2022 was not statistically
See Measurement of crime in the National Crime
different from 2018. Rates for intimate partner violence
Victimization Survey in the Methodology for more
(domestic violence victimizations committed by current
information. Use the interactive NCVS Dashboard
or former intimate partners only) and stranger violence
(N-DASH) at https://ncvs.bjs.ojp.gov to view additional
followed a similar pattern over this time period.
estimates and graphics.
1In this report, statistical significance is reported at both the 90%
and 95% confidence levels. See figures and tables for testing on
specific findings.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 2
TABLE 1
Number and rate of violent victimizations, by type of crime, 2018–2022
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022*
Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per
Type of violent crime Number 1,000a Number 1,000a Number 1,000a Number 1,000a Number 1,000a
Total violent crimeb 6,385,520 23.2 5,813,410 † 21.0 ‡ 4,558,150 † 16.4 † 4,598,310 † 16.5 † 6,624,950 23.5
Rape/sexual assaultc 734,630 † 2.7 † 459,310 1.7 319,950 † 1.2 † 324,500 † 1.2 † 531,810 1.9
Robbery 573,100 2.1 534,420 ‡ 1.9 437,260 † 1.6 † 464,280 † 1.7 † 694,860 2.5
Assault 5,077,790 18.4 4,819,680 ‡ 17.4 3,800,950 † 13.7 † 3,809,530 † 13.6 † 5,398,290 19.1
Aggravated assault 1,058,040 † 3.8 † 1,019,490 † 3.7 † 812,180 † 2.9 † 766,330 † 2.7 † 1,540,110 5.5
Simple assault 4,019,750 14.6 3,800,190 13.7 2,988,770 † 10.7 † 3,043,190 † 10.9 † 3,858,180 13.7
Violent crime excluding
simple assaultd 2,365,770 † 8.6 ‡ 2,013,220 † 7.3 † 1,569,390 † 5.6 † 1,555,110 † 5.6 † 2,766,770 9.8
Selected characteristics of
violent crimee
Domestic violencef 1,333,050 4.8 1,164,540 4.2 856,750 † 3.1 † 910,880 † 3.3 † 1,370,440 4.9
Intimate partner violenceg 847,230 3.1 695,060 ‡ 2.5 484,830 † 1.7 † 473,730 † 1.7 † 951,930 3.4
Stranger violence 2,493,750 ‡ 9.1 2,254,740 † 8.1 † 1,973,200 † 7.1 † 2,056,150 † 7.4 † 2,994,270 10.6
Violent crime with an injury 1,449,530 5.3 1,265,680 4.6 1,160,920 4.2 975,340 † 3.5 † 1,412,290 5.0
Violent crime with a weapon 1,329,700 † 4.8 † 1,119,060 † 4.0 † 938,740 † 3.4 † 895,560 † 3.2 † 1,798,150 6.4
Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Includes threatened, attempted, and completed occurrences of crimes. See appendix table 2 for
standard errors.
*Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level.
‡Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level.
aRate is per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 19 for person populations.
bExcludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is based on interviews with victims.
cSee Methodology for details on the measurement of rape or sexual assault in the NCVS.
dIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault.
eViolent crime categories such as domestic violence and violent crime with an injury are not mutually exclusive from other violent crime categories or other
selected characteristics.
fIncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by current or former intimate partners or family members.
gIncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by current or former spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018–2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 3
In 2022, there were 13.4 million property The rate of property victimization in 2022 was 101.9
victimizations of U.S. households victimizations per 1,000 households, higher than the rate
in 2021 (90.3 per 1,000) but lower than the rate in 2018
Households in the United States experienced 13.4 million (108.2 per 1,000). The victimization rate for burglary or
property victimizations in 2022, up from 11.7 million trespassing was lower in 2022 (14.6 per 1,000) than in
in 2021 but similar to the number in 2018 (table 2). 2018 (21.1 per 1,000) but has been relatively flat since
Property crime includes burglary, trespassing, motor 2020. The rate of motor vehicle theft was relatively flat
vehicle theft, and other types of household theft. from 2018 to 2021 before increasing from 4.3 to 5.5 per
1,000 from 2021 to 2022. The victimization rate for other
household theft was similar in 2018 and 2022.

TABLE 2
Number and rate of property victimizations, by type of crime, 2018–2022
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022*
Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per
Type of property crime Number 1,000a Number 1,000a Number 1,000a Number 1,000a Number 1,000a
Total 13,502,840 108.2 † 12,818,000 ‡ 101.4 12,085,170 † 94.5 † 11,682,060 † 90.3 † 13,373,330 101.9
Burglary/trespassingb 2,639,620 † 21.1 † 2,178,400 ‡ 17.2 † 1,741,250 13.6 1,800,350 13.9 1,919,930 14.6
Burglaryc 1,867,620 † 15.0 † 1,484,730 11.7 ‡ 1,210,640 9.5 1,142,900 ‡ 8.8 1,324,030 10.1
Trespassingd 772,000 † 6.2 † 693,670 5.5 ‡ 530,610 4.1 657,440 5.1 595,910 4.5
Motor vehicle theft 534,010 † 4.3 † 495,670 † 3.9 † 545,810 † 4.3 † 558,670 † 4.3 † 716,650 5.5
Other thefte 10,329,210 82.7 10,143,930 † 80.2 9,798,110 † 76.6 † 9,323,040 † 72.1 † 10,736,750 81.8
Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Includes threatened, attempted, and completed occurrences of crimes. See appendix table 3 for
standard errors.
*Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level.
‡Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level.
aRate is per 1,000 households. See appendix table 20 for household populations.
bIncludes unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of places, including a permanent residence, other residence (e.g., a hotel room or vacation
residence), or other structure (e.g., a garage or shed). Includes victimizations where the offender stole, attempted to steal, or did not attempt to steal.
Excludes trespassing on land.
cIncludes only crimes where the offender committed or attempted a theft.
dIncludes crimes where the offender did not commit or attempt a theft. Excludes trespassing on land.
eIncludes other unlawful taking or attempted unlawful taking of property or cash without personal contact with the victim.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018–2022.

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From 2021 to 2022, violent victimization rates
TABLE 3
increased for both males and females
Rate of violent victimization, by type of crime and
Both males and females experienced an increased rate of demographic characteristics of victims, 2021 and 2022
violent victimization between 2021 and 2022 (table 3). Total Violent crime excluding
Victim demographic violent crimea simple assaultb
The rate for white persons increased from 16.1 to 24.0
characteristic 2021 2022* 2021 2022*
per 1,000, and the rate for Hispanic persons increased Total 16.5 † 23.5 5.6 † 9.8
from 15.9 to 22.6 per 1,000. Over the same period, the Sex
rate of violent victimization did not change significantly Male 17.5 † 23.5 4.9 † 9.5
for persons who were black, who were Asian or were Female 15.5 † 23.4 6.2 † 10.0
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or who were Race/Hispanic origin
another race (American Indian or Alaska Native or two Whitec 16.1 † 24.0 5.4 † 9.7
or more races). Blackc 18.5 21.8 7.7 9.0
Hispanic 15.9 † 22.6 5.4 † 11.0
Rates of violent victimization increased for all age groups Asian/Native
from 2021 to 2022, except persons ages 50 to 64, for Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islanderc,d 9.9 13.6 2.9 4.8
whom the rate did not change significantly. From 2021 Otherc,e 45.1 58.9 9.6 ‡ 25.6
to 2022, the rate of violent victimization increased for Age
persons who were never married, married, divorced, 12–17 13.2 † 27.4 4.0 † 8.4
and separated. The rate did not change significantly for 18–24 23.1 † 36.8 11.9 † 18.7
persons who were widowed over this time period. The 25–34 22.0 † 34.2 8.3 † 13.4
rate of violent victimization increased from 29.6 to 42.4 35–49 19.4 † 25.8 6.1 † 10.6
per 1,000 persons in households earning $25,000 or less 50–64 16.9 17.3 3.8 † 8.0
annually. The rate also increased for all other household 65 or older 6.4 † 10.5 2.2 ‡ 4.1
Marital status
income groups over this time period.
Never married 22.2 † 34.0 8.5 † 13.9
Patterns of violent victimization excluding simple assault Married 9.5 † 12.1 2.6 † 5.0
Widowed 10.7 13.6 3.3 6.7
were similar to those for violent victimization overall.
Divorced 27.4 ‡ 36.4 8.2 † 17.2
From 2021 to 2022, the rate increased for victims of all Separated 36.8 ‡ 58.6 15.5 20.0
sex, age, and household income groups. It also rose for Household income
victims who were white (5.4 to 9.7 victimizations per Less than $25,000 29.6 † 42.4 11.7 † 19.3
1,000 white persons age 12 or older) and Hispanic (5.4 $25,000–$49,999 16.9 † 26.6 5.9 † 12.5
to 11.0 per 1,000). Further, the rate increased among $50,000–$99,999 14.6 † 18.5 4.3 † 6.8
persons who were never married (8.5 to 13.9 per 1,000), $100,000–$199,999 12.2 † 16.4 3.9 † 6.6
married (2.6 to 5.0 per 1,000), and divorced (8.2 to 17.2 $200,000 or more 9.7 † 23.4 2.9 † 7.9
per 1,000). Note: Rates are per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 19
for person populations. See appendix table 4 for standard errors.
*Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence
level.
‡Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence
level.
aIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple
assault. Excludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization
Survey is based on interviews with victims.
bIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault.
cExcludes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g., “white” refers to non-Hispanic
white persons and “black” refers to non-Hispanic black persons).
dIncludes persons who identified as Asian only or Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific Islander only. Categories are not shown separately due to
small numbers of sample cases.
eIncludes persons who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native only
or as two or more races. Categories are not shown separately due to small
numbers of sample cases.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
2021 and 2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 5
About 42% of violent victimizations were reported to
TABLE 4
police in 2022, not statistically different from 2021
Percent of victimizations reported to police, by type of
The NCVS collects information on whether crimes were crime, 2021 and 2022
reported or not reported to police and on the reasons Type of crime 2021 2022*
why the crime was reported or not reported. Victims may Total violent crimea 45.6% 41.5%
not report a crime for a variety of reasons, including fear Rape/sexual assaultb 21.5 21.4
of reprisal or getting the offender in trouble, believing Robbery 60.0 64.0
Assault 46.0 ‡ 40.6
that police would not or could not do anything to help,
Aggravated assault 60.5 † 49.9
and believing the crime to be a personal issue or too Simple assault 42.3 36.8
trivial to report. Reporting to police may occur during Violent crime excluding
or immediately following a criminal incident or at a simple assaultc 52.2% 48.0%
later date. Police may be notified by the victim, a third Selected characteristics of
violent crimed
party (including witnesses; other victims; household
Domestic violencee 48.9% 53.8%
members; or nonpolice officials, such as school officials Intimate partner violencef 50.7 51.5
or workplace managers), or police may have been at the Stranger violence 48.4 † 36.0
scene of the incident. Violent crime with an injury 55.9 48.8
Violent crime with a weapon 60.5 ‡ 51.7
About 42% of violent victimizations were reported to Total property crime 30.8% 31.8%
police in 2022, which was not statistically different from Burglary/trespassingg 40.7 43.8
2021 (table 4). A lower percentage of assaults were Burglaryh 41.5 44.9
reported to police in 2022 (41%) than in 2021 (46%), due Trespassingi 39.4 41.2
in part to a decrease in reporting of aggravated assaults Motor vehicle theft 76.9 80.9
(61% to 50%). The percentage of victimizations reported Other theftj 26.1 26.4
to police did not change for other types of violent crime Note: See appendix table 5 for standard errors.
during this period. About 32% of property victimizations *Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence
were reported to police in 2022, which was similar to level.
2021. Reporting to police did not change significantly for ‡Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence
burglary or trespassing, motor vehicle theft, and other level.
aExcludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey
types of household theft during this period. (NCVS) is based on interviews with victims.
bSee Methodology for details on the measurement of rape or sexual assault
in the NCVS.
cIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault.
dViolent crime categories such as domestic violence and violent crime with
an injury are not mutually exclusive from other violent crime categories or
other selected characteristics.
eIncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by
current or former intimate partners or family members.
fIncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by
current or former spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends.
gIncludes unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of places,
including a permanent residence, other residence (e.g., a hotel room or
vacation residence), or other structure (e.g., a garage or shed). Includes
victimizations where the offender stole, attempted to steal, or did not
attempt to steal. Excludes trespassing on land.
hIncludes only crimes where the offender committed or attempted a theft.
iIncludes crimes where the offender did not commit or attempt a theft.
Excludes trespassing on land.
jIncludes other unlawful taking or attempted unlawful taking of property
or cash without personal contact with the victim.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
2021 and 2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 6
From 2021 to 2022, there were no statistically The percentage of victimizations reported declined
significant differences in the percentage of violent for victims who were never married (42% to 32%) but
victimizations reported to police by victims’ sex, race remained relatively unchanged for victims in other
or Hispanic origin, age, or household income (table 5). marital status groups.

TABLE 5
Percent and rate of violent victimizations reported to police, by demographic characteristics of victims, 2021 and 2022
Percent Rate per 1,000a
Victim demographic characteristic 2021 2022* 2021 2022*
Total 45.6% 41.5% 7.5 † 9.7
Sex
Male 42.4% 37.5% 7.4 8.8
Female 49.1 45.3 7.6 † 10.6
Race/Hispanic origin
Whiteb 46.6% 41.6% 7.5 † 10.0
Blackb 48.2 45.9 8.9 10.0
Hispanic 46.2 45.6 7.3 ‡ 10.3
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islanderb,c 39.8 34.2 3.9 4.7
Otherb,d 31.3 ! 22.1 14.1 ! 13.0
Age
12–17 25.5% 31.2% 3.4 † 8.5
18–24 32.5 27.4 7.5 10.1
25–34 43.6 38.2 9.6 ‡ 13.1
35–49 47.7 48.7 9.3 ‡ 12.5
50–64 56.6 54.3 9.6 9.4
65 or older 55.3 44.9 3.5 4.7
Marital status
Never married 42.0% † 31.9% 9.3 10.8
Married 48.5 52.9 4.6 † 6.4
Widowed 36.3 42.5 3.9 5.8
Divorced 51.6 49.6 14.2 18.1
Separated 62.1 66.3 22.9 38.8
Household income
Less than $25,000 46.6% 43.1% 13.8 18.3
$25,000–$49,999 50.6 45.3 8.6 † 12.1
$50,000–$99,999 45.8 40.4 6.7 7.5
$100,000–$199,999 35.5 37.5 4.3 ‡ 6.1
$200,000 or more 49.2 36.9 4.8 † 8.6
Note: See appendix table 6 for standard errors.
*Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level.
‡Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level.
! Interpret with caution. Estimate is based on 10 or fewer sample cases, or coefficient of variation is greater than 50%.
aRate is per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 19 for person populations.
bExcludes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g., “white” refers to non-Hispanic white persons and “black” refers to non-Hispanic black persons).
cIncludes persons who identified as Asian only or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only. Categories are not shown separately due to small numbers
of sample cases.
dIncludes persons who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native only or as two or more races. Categories are not shown separately due to small
numbers of sample cases.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2021 and 2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 7
Rates of both reported and not reported crime
TABLE 6
increased from 2021 to 2022 Rate of victimizations reported and not reported to
Though the percentage of violent victimizations reported police, by type of crime, 2021 and 2022
to police remained the same, rates of both reported and Reported to police Not reported to police
not reported violent victimization rose from 2021 to Type of crime 2021 2022* 2021 2022*
2022 (table 6). During this period, reported violent crime Total violent crimea 7.5 † 9.7 8.7 † 13.2
Rape/sexual assaultb 0.3 ‡ 0.4 0.9 † 1.5
rose from 7.5 to 9.7 victimizations per 1,000 persons age
Robbery 1.0 † 1.6 0.7 0.9
12 or older, while violent crime that was not reported Assault 6.3 † 7.8 7.2 † 10.9
grew from 8.7 to 13.2 per 1,000. Rates also increased for Aggravated assault 1.7 † 2.7 1.0 † 2.7
reported (2.9 to 4.7 per 1,000) and not reported (2.6 to Simple assault 4.6 5.0 6.1 † 8.2
5.0 per 1,000) violent crime excluding simple assault. Violent crime excluding
simple assaultc 2.9 † 4.7 2.6 † 5.0
The rate of domestic violence reported to police Selected characteristics
increased from 1.6 per 1,000 in 2021 to 2.6 per 1,000 of violent crimed
Domestic violencee 1.6 † 2.6 1.6 2.2
in 2022. In contrast, the rate of domestic violence not
Intimate partner
reported to police in 2022 was not significantly different violencef 0.9 † 1.7 0.8 † 1.6
from the rate in 2021. Rates of both reported and not Stranger violence 3.6 3.8 3.7 † 6.5
reported victimizations increased for intimate partner Violent crime with an
violence and violent crime involving a weapon over the injury 2.0 2.4 1.5 † 2.5
same period. Violent crime with a
weapon 1.9 † 3.3 1.2 † 3.0
Total property crime 27.8 † 32.4 61.3 † 68.0
Rates of both reported and not reported property
Burglary/trespassingg 5.7 6.4 8.1 8.1
crime were higher in 2022 than in 2021. Over the same Burglaryh 3.7 4.5 5.1 5.5
period, the rate of other household theft reported to Trespassingi 2.0 1.9 3.0 2.6
police increased from 18.8 to 21.6 per 1,000 households, Motor vehicle theft 3.3 † 4.4 1.0 0.9
and the rate not reported increased from 52.2 to 59.0 Other theftj 18.8 † 21.6 52.2 † 59.0
per 1,000. The rate of motor vehicle theft reported Note: Rates are per 1,000 persons age 12 or older for violent crime and per
to police increased from 3.3 per 1,000 in 2021 to 4.4 1,000 households for property crime. See appendix table 19 for person
populations and appendix table 20 for household populations. See
per 1,000 in 2022, while the rate of victimization not appendix table 7 for standard errors.
reported to police did not change significantly over this *Comparison year.
time period. †Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence
level.
‡Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence
level.
aExcludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey
(NCVS) is based on interviews with victims.
bSee Methodology for details on the measurement of rape or sexual assault
in the NCVS.
cIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault.
dViolent crime categories such as domestic violence and violent crime with
an injury are not mutually exclusive from other violent crime categories or
other selected characteristics.
eIncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by
current or former intimate partners or family members.
fIncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by
current or former spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends.
gIncludes unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of places,
including a permanent residence, other residence (e.g., a hotel room or
vacation residence), or other structure (e.g., a garage or shed). Includes
victimizations where the offender stole, attempted to steal, or did not
attempt to steal. Excludes trespassing on land.
hIncludes only crimes where the offender committed or attempted a theft.
iIncludes crimes where the offender did not commit or attempt a theft.
Excludes trespassing on land.
jIncludes other unlawful taking or attempted unlawful taking of property
or cash without personal contact with the victim.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
2021 and 2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 8
In 2022, veterans experienced 328,400 violent
TABLE 7
victimizations
Number and rate of violent victimizations, by veteran
Veterans experienced 328,400 violent victimizations and citizenship status of victims, 2021 and 2022
(19.7 per 1,000 veterans) in 2022, which was not 2021 2022*
statistically different from the 247,290 victimizations Victim veteran/ Rate per Rate per
citizenship status Number 1,000a Number 1,000a
(14.4 per 1,000) in 2021 (table 7).2 In 2022, the violent Total violent
victimization rate for U.S. citizens (23.7 per 1,000 U.S. victimizationsb 4,598,310 † 16.5 † 6,624,950 23.5
citizens) was higher than in 2021 (16.9 per 1,000). Veteran statusc
Similarly, the rate for non-U.S. citizens in 2022 (19.9 per Veterand 247,290 14.4 328,400 19.7
1,000 non-U.S. citizens) was higher than in 2021 (9.8 per Nonveterane 4,007,820 † 17.0 † 5,552,730 23.3
1,000). Citizenship status
U.S. citizen 4,438,670 † 16.9 † 6,296,890 23.7
From 2021 to 2022, the rate of violent victimization U.S.-born citizenf 4,174,680 † 17.5 † 6,040,930 25.0
increased across all types of geographic areas Naturalized U.S.
citizen 263,990 11.1 255,960 10.7
(table 8). In urban areas, it rose from 24.5 to 33.4 violent Non-U.S. citizen 144,670 † 9.8 † 304,540 19.9
victimizations per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. The Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding and missing data. See
rate grew from 16.5 to 23.9 per 1,000 in suburban areas appendix table 8 for standard errors.
and from 11.1 to 15.4 per 1,000 in rural areas. Property *Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence
crime also increased in urban areas (157.5 to 176.1 level.
victimizations per 1,000 households) and suburban areas aRate is per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 19 for
(86.8 to 98.9 per 1,000) during this period. person populations.
bIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple
2Veterans are defined as persons currently or previously on active assault. Excludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization
Survey (NCVS) is based on interviews with victims.
duty. Most NCVS respondents who are veterans were previously on cIncludes persons age 18 or older.
active duty. dVeterans include persons currently or previously on active duty. Because
the NCVS is a household-based survey and active-duty military personnel
are more likely to be out of the household at the time of data collection,
most veterans in the sample are former active-duty military personnel.
eNonveterans include persons who never served in the U.S. Armed Forces
or who completed training in the Reserves or National Guard only.
fIncludes persons born in the United States, in a U.S. territory, or abroad to
U.S. parents.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
2021 and 2022.

TABLE 8
Rate of victimization, by type of crime and location of residence, 2021 and 2022
Total violent crimea Violent crime excluding simple assaultb Total property crimec
Location of residenced 2021 2022* 2021 2022* 2021 2022*
Urbane 24.5 † 33.4 9.7 † 13.8 157.5 ‡ 176.1
Suburbanf 16.5 † 23.9 5.2 † 10.1 86.8 † 98.9
Ruralg 11.1 ‡ 15.4 4.4 6.0 57.7 61.7
Note: Rates are per 1,000 persons age 12 or older for violent crime and per 1,000 households for property crime. See appendix table 19 for person
populations and appendix table 20 for household populations. See appendix table 9 for standard errors.
*Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level.
‡Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level.
aIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault. Excludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey
(NCVS) is based on interviews with victims.
bIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault.
cIncludes burglary, trespassing, motor vehicle theft, and other theft.
dSee Methodology in Criminal Victimization, 2019 (NCJ 255113, BJS, September 2020) for details on the revised measurement of location of residence in
the NCVS.
eAll census blocks within cities or U.S. Census Bureau-designated places that meet certain criteria based on their population and density. See Methodology
in Criminal Victimization, 2019 (NCJ 255113, BJS, September 2020).
fAll other census blocks not classified as urban or rural.
gAll census blocks not in U.S. Census Bureau-defined urbanized areas or urban clusters.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2021 and 2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 9
The share of violent victimizations for which victims
TABLE 9
received assistance from a victim service provider
Percent of violent victimizations for which victims
did not change from 2021 to 2022 received assistance from a victim service provider, by
Victim service providers (VSPs) are public or private type of crime, 2021 and 2022
organizations that assist crime victims. Victims received Type of violent crime 2021 2022*
VSP assistance in 9% of violent victimizations in 2022, Total violent crimea 8.8% 9.3%
similar to the percentage in 2021 (table 9). From 2021 Simple assault 8.9 7.0
Violent crime excluding
to 2022, the share of violent victimizations where VSP simple assaultb 8.5% 12.5%
assistance was received did not change significantly by Selected characteristics of
crime type or other characteristics of violent crime. violent crimec
Intimate partner violenced 20.2% 29.4%
About 10% of violent victimizations involved a Violent crime with an injury 13.3 17.1
Violent crime with a weapon 9.6 8.6
firearm in 2022, up from 2021
Note: See appendix table 10 for standard errors.
Of the more than 6.6 million violent victimizations in *Comparison year.
aIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple
2022, about 10% involved a firearm, an increase from assault. Excludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization
7% in 2021 (table 10). Firearm victimizations are violent Survey is based on interviews with victims.
bIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault.
victimizations where the offender possessed, showed, cViolent crime categories such as domestic violence and violent crime with
or used a firearm. About 61% of firearm victimizations an injury are not mutually exclusive from other violent crime categories or
were reported to police in 2022, which was not other selected characteristics.
dIncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by
significantly different from 2021. The number of firearm
current or former spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends.
victimizations that were reported to police increased Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
from 237,980 in 2021 to 389,590 in 2022. 2021 and 2022.

TABLE 10
Firearm violence, 2021 and 2022
2021 2022*
Total violent victimizations 4,598,310 † 6,624,950
Firearm victimizations
Number 326,890 † 640,710
Percent 7.1% † 9.7%
Ratea 1.2 † 2.3
Firearm victimizations reported
to police
Number 237,980 † 389,590
Percent 72.8% 60.8%
Note: Includes violent crimes in which the offender possessed, showed, or
used a firearm. See appendix table 11 for standard errors.
*Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence
level.
aRate is per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. See appendix table 19 for
person populations.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
2021 and 2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 10
 and Hispanic (18%) persons in 2022. Asian persons and
Incident estimates
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander persons were
An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or victims in a smaller share of violent incidents (4%) than
more victims.3 In 2022, there were 6.2 million violent their representation in the population (7%).
incidents involving victims age 12 or older in the
In 2022, the proportion of violent incidents involving
United States.
white offenders (53%), based on victims’ perceptions
of the offenders, was lower than the share of white
Persons ages 18 to 29 made up 18% of the
persons in the population (61%). The share of Asian
population but were victims in 29% of violent
offenders and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
incidents
offenders (2%) was less than the share of Asian persons
Patterns varied in the demographic characteristics of and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander persons
victims and offenders (as perceived by victims) involved in the population (7%). The share of violent incidents
in violent incidents. In 2022, the share of violent involving Hispanic offenders (14%) was less than the
incidents involving male or female victims did not differ population percentage of Hispanic persons (18%). The
from the share of males or females in the U.S. population share of violent incidents involving black offenders (25%)
(table 11). However, the percentage of violent incidents was greater than the population percentage of black
involving male offenders (79%) was about 1.6 times the persons (12%).
percentage of males in the population (49%). The share
The percentage of violent incidents involving victims
of violent incidents involving female offenders (17%) was
(29%) or offenders (24%) ages 18 to 29 was higher than
a third of the female percentage of the population (51%).
this age group’s representation in the population (18%).
The shares of violent incidents involving white (62%), The proportion of violent incidents where victims (61%)
black (12%), and Hispanic (17%) victims were similar to or offenders (60%) were age 30 or older was lower than
the population percentages of white (61%), black (12%), this age group’s share of the population (73%).
3Tables 11 through 13 present incident-level data on victims and
offenders. Offender characteristics in the NCVS are based on victims’
perceptions of offenders.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 11
TABLE 11
Number and percent of violent incidents, by demographic characteristics of population, victims, and offenders, 2022
Number of Percent of Percent ratio
Demographic violent incidents Percent of violent incidents Victim-to- Offender-to-
characteristic Populationa Victim Offenderb populationa* Victim Offenderb population population
Total 282,304,640 6,230,150 6,230,150 100% 100% 100% 1.0 1.0
Sex
Male 138,308,540 3,028,420 4,470,720 49.0% 48.6% 78.6% † 1.0 1.6
Female 143,996,100 3,201,730 940,220 51.0 51.4 16.5 † 1.0 0.3
Both male and female
offenders ~ ~ 279,660 ~ ~ 4.9 ~ ~
Race/Hispanic origin
Whitec 171,625,260 3,858,410 2,687,770 60.8% 61.9% 53.1% † 1.0 0.9
Blackc 34,448,440 720,900 1,283,300 12.2 11.6 25.4 † 0.9 2.1
Hispanicd 50,873,240 1,073,070 694,420 18.0 17.2 13.7 † 1.0 0.8
Asian/Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific Islanderc,e 19,681,580 252,060 92,310 7.0 4.0 † 1.8 † 0.6 0.3
Otherc,f 5,676,110 325,720 130,290 2.0 5.2 † 2.6 2.6 1.3
Multiple offenders of
various racesg ~ ~ 173,480 ~ ~ 3.4 ~ ~
Age
11 or youngerh ~ ~ 64,700 ~ ~ 1.2% ~ ~
12–17 25,875,630 650,450 483,870 9.2% 10.4% 9.3 1.1 1.0
18–29 51,154,320 1,808,100 1,243,780 18.1 29.0 † 23.9 † 1.6 1.3
30 or older 205,274,680 3,771,600 3,101,890 72.7 60.5 † 59.7 † 0.8 0.8
Multiple offenders of
various ages ~ ~ 303,530 ~ ~ 5.8 ~ ~
Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding and missing data for offender characteristics. An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or
more victims. Offender characteristics are based on victims’ perceptions of offenders. See appendix table 12 for standard errors.
*Comparison group.
†Difference with comparison group is significant at the 95% confidence level.
~Not applicable.
aThe National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) population represents persons age 12 or older living in noninstitutionalized residential settings in the
United States.
bIncludes incidents in which the perceived offender characteristics were reported. Offender sex was unknown in 9% of incidents, race or Hispanic origin in
19%, and age in 17%.
cExcludes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g., “white” refers to non-Hispanic white persons and “black” refers to non-Hispanic black persons).
dIncludes single offenders perceived to be of Hispanic origin and multiple-offender groups in which all offenders were perceived as Hispanic. In previous
publications, if the victim perceived any of the offenders in a multiple-offender incident as Hispanic, the offenders were classified as Hispanic.
eIncludes victims who identified or offenders who were perceived as Asian only or as Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only. Categories are not
shown separately due to small numbers of sample cases.
fIncludes victims who identified or offenders who were perceived as American Indian or Alaska Native only or as two or more races. Categories are not
shown separately due to small numbers of sample cases.
gIncludes multiple-offender groups in which offenders were perceived as two or more races or in which one offender was perceived as Hispanic and one
offender was perceived as one or more races.
hWhile the NCVS does not survey victims age 11 or younger, victims may report the offender was age 11 or younger.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 12
In 2022, about 4.5 million of the 6.2 million violent offenders who were black (433,290 incidents) and a
incidents in the United States involved male offenders, lower number were committed by offenders who were
based on victims’ perception of offenders’ sex. Of Hispanic (46,100) than by offenders who were white
violent incidents with male victims, a greater number (96,550). For incidents involving Hispanic victims, a
involved male offenders (2,252,270 incidents) than lower number were committed by offenders who were
female offenders (305,070) or both male and female black (164,250 incidents) and offenders of another race
offenders (132,880) (table 12). Of violent incidents with (82,040) than by offenders who were white (245,250).4
female victims, a higher number involved male offenders There was no statistically significant difference in the
(2,218,450 incidents) than female offenders (635,150) or number of incidents involving Hispanic victims that were
both male and female offenders (146,780) in 2022. committed by offenders who were white or Hispanic.
Based on victims’ perceptions of offenders’ race or 4In previous reports, if the victim perceived any of the offenders in a
Hispanic origin, more violent incidents involving white multiple-offender incident to be of Hispanic origin, the offenders were
classified as Hispanic. In this report, when at least one offender was
victims were committed by white offenders (2,148,030 perceived as Hispanic and at least one was perceived as one or more
incidents) than by offenders of another or unknown race races in a multiple-offender incident, the offenders were included in
or Hispanic origin (table 13). For incidents involving the “other” category.
black victims, a greater number were committed by

TABLE 12
Number of violent incidents, by sex of victims and offenders, 2022
Offender sex
Victim sex Total violent incidents Male* Female Both male and female Unknowna
Male 3,028,420 2,252,270 305,070 † 132,880 † 338,200 †
Female 3,201,730 2,218,450 635,150 † 146,780 † 201,350 †
Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender sex is based on victims’
perceptions of offenders. See appendix table 13 for standard errors.
*Comparison group.
†Difference with comparison group is significant at the 95% confidence level.
aIncludes incidents in which the victim did not know the offender’s sex.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2022.

TABLE 13
Number of violent incidents, by race or Hispanic origin of victims and offenders, 2022
Offender race/Hispanic origin
Victim race/Hispanic origina Total violent incidents Whiteb* Blackb Hispanicc Otherb,d Unknowne
Whiteb 3,858,410 2,148,030 543,480 † 262,060 † 224,610 † 680,230 †
Blackb 720,900 96,550 433,290 † 46,100 † 25,440 ! 119,520
Hispanic 1,073,070 245,250 164,250 ‡ 331,930 82,040 † 249,600
Otherb,d 577,770 197,940 142,280 54,330 ! 63,990 † 119,240
Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. An incident is a specific criminal act involving one or more victims. Offender race or Hispanic origin
is based on victims’ perceptions of offenders. Includes violent incidents in which offender race or Hispanic origin was reported. See appendix table 14 for
standard errors.
*Comparison group.
†Difference with comparison group is significant at the 95% confidence level.
‡Difference with comparison group is significant at the 90% confidence level.
! Interpret data with caution. Estimate is based on 10 or fewer sample cases, or coefficient of variation is greater than 50%.
aSome victim categories are not shown due to small numbers of sample cases. Of the 6,230,150 violent incidents in 2022, a total of 577,770 involved
victims who identified as Asian only, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only, American Indian or Alaska Native only, or two or more races.
bExcludes persons who identified or were perceived as being of Hispanic origin (e.g., “white” refers to non-Hispanic white persons and “black” refers to
non-Hispanic black persons).
cIncludes single offenders perceived to be of Hispanic origin and multiple-offender groups in which all offenders were perceived as Hispanic. In previous
publications, if the victim perceived any of the offenders in a multiple-offender incident as Hispanic, the offenders were classified as Hispanic.
dIncludes persons who identified or were perceived as Asian only, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only, American Indian or Alaska Native only,
or two or more races; and persons in multiple-offender incidents perceived as various races, including incidents in which one or more offenders were
perceived as Hispanic and as two or more races. Categories are not shown separately due to small numbers of sample cases.
eIncludes persons whose race or Hispanic origin was unknown to the victim.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 13
 shown a 58% decrease in the percentage of persons who
Prevalence estimates
experienced rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated
Prevalence reflects the number or percentage of unique assault, or simple assault at least once in a given year.
persons who were victims of crime, or of unique
The percentage of persons who experienced at least one
households that were victimized, at least once during
violent crime excluding simple assault (includes rape or
a given period. An estimated 1.24% (3.5 million) of
sexual assault, robbery, or aggravated assault) fell from
persons age 12 or older experienced one or more violent
1.26% (2.7 million) in 1993 to 0.54% (1.5 million) in
crimes in 2022 (figure 2). This percentage was higher
2022, for an overall decline of 57%. The prevalence of
than it was in 2020 and 2021, but not significantly
violent crime excluding simple assault was higher in 2022
different from 2018. The long-term trend since 1993 has
(0.54%) than in 2021 (0.40%).

FIGURE 2
Percent of persons age 12 or older who were victims of violent crime and violent crime excluding simple assault,
1993–2022
Percent
3.5
Total violent crime
3.0
Violent crime excluding simple assault
2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5
0.0
1993 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2022

Note: See table 1 for definitions and appendix table 15 for estimates, standard errors, and 95% confidence intervals. Estimates for 2006 should not be
compared to other years. See Criminal Victimization, 2007 (NCJ 224390, BJS, December 2008) for more information on changes to the 2006 National Crime
Victimization Survey.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1993–2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 14
About 3.5 million persons age 12 or older were to 2022, the percentage of persons age 12 or older who
victims of one or more violent crimes in 2022 were victims of at least one aggravated assault increased
from 0.25% to 0.31% (table 14). The percentage of
From 2018 to 2022, the percentage of persons who violent victimizations where the offender was a stranger
experienced at least one violent crime did not change also increased, from 0.51% to 0.63%. There were no
significantly. During the 5-year period, the percentage of other statistically significant changes in the percentage
persons experiencing violent crime declined from 2018 of persons experiencing other types of crime over
(1.18%) to 2020 (0.93%) and then increased from 2020 this period.
to 2022 (1.24%). During the 5-year period from 2018

TABLE 14
Number and percent of persons who were victims of violent crime, by type of crime, 2018–2022
Number of victimsa Percent of personsb
Type of violent crime 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022* 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022*
Total violent crimec 3,254,250 3,059,060 † 2,599,620 † 2,734,700 † 3,511,870 1.18% 1.10% † 0.93% † 0.98% † 1.24%
Rape/sexual assaultd 347,090 212,230 † 192,820 † 203,590 † 318,920 0.13 0.08 † 0.07 † 0.07 † 0.11
Robbery 363,210 337,720 306,410 328,320 389,240 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.14
Assault 2,668,820 ‡ 2,586,170 † 2,176,320 † 2,276,090 † 2,909,980 0.97 0.93 ‡ 0.78 † 0.82 † 1.03
Aggravated assault 694,260 † 697,190 † 556,010 † 601,450 † 867,350 0.25 † 0.25 † 0.20 † 0.22 † 0.31
Simple assault 2,058,870 1,965,410 1,685,000 † 1,746,930 † 2,130,040 0.75 0.71 0.61 † 0.63 † 0.75
Violent crime excluding
simple assaulte 1,367,270 ‡ 1,216,400 † 1,026,020 † 1,113,930 † 1,531,360 0.50% 0.44% † 0.37% † 0.40% † 0.54%
Selected characteristics of
violent crimef
Domestic violenceg 636,540 521,870 454,330 † 480,090 † 598,490 0.23% 0.19% 0.16% † 0.17% † 0.21%
Intimate partner
violenceh 368,980 310,320 253,170 † 257,860 † 348,110 0.13 0.11 0.09 † 0.09 † 0.12
Stranger violence 1,411,500 † 1,393,650 † 1,243,930 † 1,380,450 † 1,778,380 0.51 † 0.50 † 0.45 † 0.49 † 0.63
Violent crime with an injury 841,280 735,430 667,230 636,030 ‡ 754,970 0.31 0.27 0.24 0.23 ‡ 0.27
Violent crime with a weapon 838,630 ‡ 788,920 † 651,000 † 701,820 † 974,030 0.30 0.28 † 0.23 † 0.25 † 0.35
Note: Details may not sum to totals because a person may experience multiple types of crime. See appendix table 16 for standard errors.
*Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level.
‡Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level.
aNumber of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one violent victimization during the year.
bPercentage of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one violent victimization during the year. See appendix table 19 for person populations.
cExcludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is based on interviews with victims.
dSee Methodology for details on the measurement of rape or sexual assault in the NCVS.
eIncludes rape or sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault.
fViolent crime categories such as domestic violence and violent crime with an injury are not mutually exclusive from other violent crime categories or other
selected characteristics.
gIncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by current or former intimate partners or family members.
hIncludes the subset of violent victimizations that were committed by current or former spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018–2022.

C R I M I N A L V I C T I M I Z AT I O N , 2022 | S E P T E M B E R 2023 15
A greater percentage of persons ages 12 to 17 The prevalence of violent crime for persons ages 12
experienced violent crime in 2022 than in 2021 to 17 increased from 0.78% in 2021 to 1.72% in 2022.
The percentage of persons who experienced at least
Between 2021 and 2022, the prevalence of violent crime one violent crime also increased for those ages 25 to 34
increased for all persons by victim sex and household (1.33% to 1.76%) and 65 or older (0.40% to 0.55%).
income (table 15). Increases were also observed in the
percentage of persons who experienced at least one The percentage of never married persons who were
violent crime among persons who were white (0.94% to victims of a violent crime increased from 1.36% in 2021
1.23%), persons who were black (1.13% to 1.39%), and to 1.82% in 2022. The prevalence of violent crime for
persons who were Asian or were Native Hawaiian or married persons also increased from 0.58% to 0.69%, as
Other Pacific Islander (0.53% to 0.82%). did the percentage for divorced persons (1.51% to 1.78%).

TABLE 15
Number and percent of persons who were victims of violent crime, by demographic characteristics of victims, 2021
and 2022
Number of victimsa Percent of personsb
Victim demographic characteristic 2021 2022* 2021 2022*
Total 2,734,700 † 3,511,870 0.98% † 1.24%
Sex
Male 1,456,310 † 1,749,030 1.07% † 1.26%
Female 1,278,390 † 1,762,840 0.89 † 1.22
Race/Hispanic origin
Whitec 1,610,000 † 2,102,610 0.94% † 1.23%
Blackc 384,210 ‡ 480,350 1.13 ‡ 1.39
Hispanic 516,860 ‡ 622,790 1.05 1.22
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islanderc,d 102,650 † 162,070 0.53 † 0.82
Otherc,e 120,980 144,050 2.24 2.54
Age
12–17 193,960 † 443,990 0.78% † 1.72%
18–24 461,600 538,720 1.58 1.83
25–34 601,850 † 785,660 1.33 † 1.76
35–49 677,790 ‡ 783,510 1.10 1.25
50–64 574,430 647,610 0.92 1.03
65 or older 225,070 † 312,390 0.40 † 0.55
Marital status
Never married 1,386,590 † 1,894,620 1.36% † 1.82%
Married 734,630 † 883,070 0.58 † 0.69
Widowed 74,100 100,220 0.47 0.66
Divorced 412,960 ‡ 490,080 1.51 ‡ 1.78
Separated 110,120 135,680 2.31 2.76
Household income
Less than $25,000 693,750 † 827,920 1.66% † 2.15%
$25,000–$49,999 624,330 † 767,560 0.96 † 1.25
$50,000–$99,999 828,570 † 1,032,440 0.94 † 1.17
$100,000–$199,999 430,970 † 599,240 0.69 † 0.88
$200,000 or more 157,080 † 284,710 0.71 † 1.11
Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding and missing data. Violent crime includes rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and
simple assault. It excludes homicide because the National Crime Victimization Survey is based on interviews with victims. See appendix table 17 for
standard errors.
*Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level.
‡Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level.
aNumber of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one violent victimization during the year.
bPercentage of persons age 12 or older who experienced at least one violent victimization during the year. See appendix table 19 for person populations.
cExcludes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g., “white” refers to non-Hispanic white persons and “black” refers to non-Hispanic black persons).
dIncludes persons who identified as Asian only or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only. Categories are not shown separately due to small numbers
of sample cases.
eIncludes persons who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native only or as two or more races. Categories are not shown separately due to small
numbers of sample cases.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2021 and 2022.
Around 8.7 million households experienced property between 2021 and 2022, it declined over the 5-year
victimization in 2022 period from 1.48% of households in 2018 to 0.97% in
2022. A higher percentage of households experienced
In 2022, about 6.65% (8.7 million) of households in the motor vehicle theft in 2022 (0.45%) than in 2018 (0.34%).
country experienced one or more property victimizations The percentage of households that experienced at least
(burglary or trespassing, motor vehicle theft, or other one motor vehicle theft did not change significantly from
household theft), up from 6.25% (8.1 million) in 2021 year to year between 2018 and 2021. The percentage then
but down from 7.27% in 2018 (table 16). While the increased from 0.38% in 2021 to 0.45% in 2022.
prevalence of burglary and trespassing did not change

TABLE 16
Number and percent of households that experienced property crime, by type of crime, 2018–2022
Number of households victimizeda Percent of households victimizedb
Type of property crime 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022* 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022*
Total property crime 9,080,490 8,545,770 7,915,500 † 8,087,070   † 8,725,370 7.27% † 6.76% 6.19% † 6.25% † 6.65%
Burglary/trespassingc 1,851,420 † 1,537,190 † 1,239,860 1,266,590 1,274,530 1.48% † 1.22% † 0.97% 0.98% 0.97%
Burglaryd 1,333,600 † 1,040,730 † 860,860 833,280 878,540 1.07 † 0.82 † 0.67 0.64 0.67
Trespassinge 585,190 † 530,440 † 404,210 470,130 422,510 0.47 † 0.42 † 0.32 0.36 0.32
Motor vehicle theft 424,360 † 411,140 † 413,880 † 486,440 † 590,320 0.34% † 0.33% † 0.32% † 0.38% † 0.45%
Other theftf 7,261,840 6,991,800 6,611,210 † 6,689,220 † 7,258,920 5.82% ‡ 5.53% 5.17% † 5.17% † 5.53%
Note: Details may not sum to totals because a household may experience multiple types of crime. See appendix table 18 for standard errors.
*Comparison year.
†Difference with comparison year is significant at the 95% confidence level.
‡Difference with comparison year is significant at the 90% confidence level.
aNumber of households that experienced at least one property victimization during the year.
bPercentage of households that experienced at least one property victimization during the year. See appendix table 20 for household populations.
cIncludes unlawful or forcible entry or attempted entry of places, including a permanent residence, other residence (e.g., a hotel room or vacation
residence), or other structure (e.g., a garage or shed). Includes victimizations where the offender stole, attempted to steal, or did not attempt to steal.
Excludes trespassing on land.
dIncludes only crimes where the offender committed or attempted a theft.
eIncludes crimes where the offender did not commit or attempt a theft. Excludes trespassing on land.
fIncludes other unlawful taking or attempted unlawful taking of property or cash without personal contact with the victim.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018–2022.

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Methodology person. The reference person is any responsible adult
(age 18 or older) member of the household who is
Survey coverage unlikely to permanently leave the household. Because an
owner or renter of the sampled housing unit is normally
The Bureau of Justice Statistics’ (BJS) National Crime the most responsible and knowledgeable household
Victimization Survey (NCVS) is an annual data member, this person is generally designated as the
collection carried out by the U.S. Census Bureau. The reference person and household respondent. However,
NCVS is a self-report survey that is administered a household respondent does not have to be one of the
annually from January 1 to December 31. Annual NCVS household members who owns or rents the unit.
estimates are based on the number and characteristics
of crimes that respondents experienced during the prior In the NCVS, a household is defined as a group of
6 months, excluding the month in which they were persons who all reside at a sampled address. Persons
interviewed. Therefore, the 2022 survey covers crimes are considered household members when the sampled
experienced from July 1, 2021 to November 30, 2022, address is their usual place of residence at the time of
with March 15, 2022 as the middle of the reference the interview and when they have no primary place
period. Crimes are classified by the year of the survey of residence elsewhere. Once selected, households
and not by the year of the crime. remain in the sample for 3.5 years, and all eligible
persons in these households are interviewed every 6
The NCVS is administered to persons age 12 or months, either in person or over the phone, for a total of
older from a nationally representative sample of U.S. seven interviews.
households. It collects information on nonfatal personal
crimes (rape or sexual assault, robbery, aggravated First interviews are typically conducted in person, with
assault, simple assault, and personal larceny (purse subsequent interviews conducted either in person or
snatching and pocket picking)) and household property by phone. New households rotate into the sample on
crimes (burglary or trespassing, motor vehicle theft, and an ongoing basis to replace outgoing households that
other types of theft). have been in the sample for the full 3.5-year period.
The sample includes persons living in group quarters,
The survey collects information on threatened, such as dormitories, rooming houses, and religious
attempted, and completed crimes. It collects data group dwellings, and excludes persons living on military
both on crimes reported and not reported to police. bases or in institutional settings such as correctional or
Unless specified otherwise, estimates in this report hospital facilities.
include threatened, attempted, and completed crimes.
In addition to providing annual level and change Measurement of crime in the National Crime
estimates on criminal victimization, the NCVS is the Victimization Survey
primary source of information on the nature of criminal
victimization incidents. NCVS data can be used to produce several types
of estimates, including victimization, incident, and
Survey respondents provide information about prevalence rates. Victimization rates measure the
themselves (including age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, extent to which violent and property victimizations
marital status, education level, and income) and whether occur in a specified population during a specified time.
they experienced a victimization. For each victimization Victimization numbers show the total number of times
incident, respondents report information about the that people or households are victimized by crime. For
offender (including age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and crimes affecting persons, NCVS victimization rates are
victim-offender relationship), characteristics of the crime estimated by dividing the number of victimizations that
(including time and place of occurrence, use of weapons, occur during a specified time (T) by the population at
nature of injury, and economic consequences), whether risk for those victimizations and then multiplying the
the crime was reported to police, reasons the crime was rate by 1,000.
or was not reported, and experiences with the criminal Number of victimizations experienced
justice system. by a specified population T
Victimization rate T = × 1,000
Number of unique persons (or
Household information, including household-level households) in the specified population T
demographics (e.g., income) and property victimizations
committed against the household (e.g., burglary or For victimization rates, each victimization represents
trespassing), is typically collected from the reference one person (for personal crimes) or one household

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(for property crimes) affected by a crime.5 Every For more information about measuring prevalence in
victimization experienced by a person or household the NCVS, see the most recent version of Measuring
during the year is counted. For example, if one person the Prevalence of Crime with the National Crime
experiences two violent crimes during the year, both Victimization Survey (NCJ 241656, BJS, September 2013).
are counted in the victimization rate. If one household
experiences two property crimes, both are counted in the Nonresponse and weighting adjustments
victimization rate. Victimization estimates are presented
in figure 1 and tables 1 through 10 in this report. The 2022 NCVS data file includes 143,794 household
interviews. Overall, 64% of eligible households
Incident rates are another measure of crime. The number completed interviews. Within participating households,
of incidents is the number of specific criminal acts interviews with 226,962 persons were completed in 2022,
involving one or more victims. If every victimization representing an 82% unweighted response rate among
had one victim, the number of incidents would be the eligible persons from responding households.
same as the number of victimizations. If there was more
than one victim, the incident estimate is adjusted to Victimizations that occurred outside of the United States
compensate for the possibility that the incident could were excluded from this report. In 2022, about 0.4% of
be reported several times by multiple victims and thus the unweighted victimizations occurred outside of the
be overcounted. For example, if two people were robbed United States.
during the same incident, this crime would be counted as NCVS data are weighted to produce annual estimates of
one incident and two victimizations. Incident estimates victimization for persons age 12 or older living in U.S.
are presented in tables 11 through 13 in this report. households. Because the NCVS relies on a sample rather
Prevalence rates are a third measure that reflects a than a census of the entire U.S. population, weights are
population’s risk of experiencing one or more criminal designed to adjust to known population totals and to
victimizations. They describe the level of victimization, compensate for survey nonresponse and other aspects of
like victimization rates, but are based on the number the complex sample design.
of unique persons or households in the population NCVS data files include person, household,
experiencing at least one victimization during a specified victimization, and incident weights. Person weights
time. Prevalence estimates are presented in figure 2 and provide an estimate of the population represented by
tables 14 through 16. each person in the sample. Household weights provide
The key distinction between a victimization rate and an estimate of the household population represented by
a prevalence rate is whether the numerator consists of each household in the sample. After proper adjustment,
the number of victimizations or the number of unique both person and household weights are also typically
victims. For example, a person who experienced two used to form the denominator in calculations of
robberies within the past year would be counted twice crime rates.
in the victimization rate but only once in the prevalence For personal crimes, the incident weight is derived
rate. Prevalence rates are estimated by dividing the by dividing the person weight of a victim by the total
number of unique victims or victimized households in number of persons victimized during an incident,
the specified population by the total number of persons as reported by the respondent. For property crimes
or households in the population and multiplying the measured at the household level, the incident weight and
rate by 100, yielding the percentage of the population the household weight are the same, because the victim
victimized at least once in a period. of a property crime is considered to be the household
Number of unique victims (or victimized as a whole. The incident weight is most frequently
households) in a specified population T used to calculate estimates of offenders’ and victims’
Prevalence rate T = × 100
Number of unique persons (or demographics.
households) in the specified population T

5In the NCVS, personal crimes are personal larceny (purse snatching
Victimization weights used in this report account for
and pocket picking) and violent victimizations (rape or sexual assault, the number of persons victimized during an incident
robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault). Homicide is not and for high-frequency repeat victimizations (i.e.,
included because the NCVS is based on interviews with victims. series victimizations). Series victimizations are similar
Property crimes are burglary or trespassing, motor vehicle theft, and
other theft.
in type to one another but occur with such frequency

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that a victim is unable to recall each individual event or Changes to the household weighting adjustment
describe each event in detail. Survey procedures allow in 2017
NCVS interviewers to identify and classify these similar
victimizations as series victimizations and to collect The 2017 NCVS weights included a new adjustment so
detailed information on only the most recent incident in household weights reflect independent housing unit
the series.6 totals available internally at the U.S. Census Bureau. This
new adjustment was applied only to household weights
The weighting counts series victimizations as the actual and does not affect person weights. Historically, the
number of victimizations reported by the victim, household weights were adjusted to reflect independent
up to a maximum of 10. Doing so produces more totals for the person population. This new weighting
reliable estimates of crime levels than counting such adjustment improves on the prior one and better aligns
victimizations only once, while the cap at 10 minimizes the number of estimated households in the NCVS with
the effect of extreme outliers on rates. other U.S. Census Bureau household survey estimates.
According to the 2022 data, series victimizations Due to this new adjustment, the 2017 NCVS estimate
accounted for 1.5% of all victimizations and 3.3% for the number of households was about 8% lower than
of all violent victimizations. Additional information the 2016 NCVS estimate. As a result, the estimate of
on the enumeration and survey procedures of the number of households affected by property crime
series victimizations is detailed in the up-to-date was also about 8% lower. When making comparisons
report Methods for Counting High-Frequency Repeat of property crime at the household level between 2017
Victimizations in the National Crime Victimization Survey and prior years, compare victimization or prevalence
(NCJ 237308, BJS, April 2012). rates. Rates are unaffected by this change in weighting
methodology because both the numerator and
Revised 2016 data file denominator are equally affected.

For 2016, BJS increased the NCVS sample size to Comparisons of the number of households that
facilitate the ability to produce state-level victimization were victimized between 2017 and prior years
estimates for the 22 most populous states. At the are inappropriate due to this change in weighting
same time, the sample was adjusted to reflect the U.S. methodology. For more information on weighting in
population counts in the 2010 decennial census. These the NCVS, see Nonresponse and weighting adjustments
changes resulted in a historically large number of new in this report and National Crime Victimization Survey,
households and first-time interviews in the first half of 2016: Technical Documentation (NCJ 251442, BJS,
2016 and produced challenges in comparing 2016 results December 2017).
to prior data years.
Weighting adjustments in 2020
Working with the U.S. Census Bureau, BJS subsequently
devised the methodology that was used to create the The 2020 NCVS weights include an additional
revised 2016 NCVS data file. The result was revised adjustment to address the impact of modified field
criminal victimization estimates that were nationally operations due to COVID-19. For more information
representative for 2016 and could be compared with on the weighting adjustments applied in 2020, see the
prior and future years. For more information, see the Source and Accuracy Statement for the 2020 National
National Crime Victimization Survey revised 2016 Crime Victimization Survey in the NCVS 2020
estimates text box (pp. 3–4) and Methodology (pp. 15–18) Codebook (https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/NACJD/
in Criminal Victimization, 2016: Revised (NCJ 252121, studies/38090/datadocumentation) and National Crime
BJS, October 2018). Victimization Survey, 2016: Technical Documentation
(NCJ 251442, BJS, December 2017).
6The report Methods for Counting High-Frequency Repeat
Victimizations in the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCJ
237308, BJS, April 2012) includes more information on series
victimizations in the NCVS.

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Beginning in 2020, BJS incorporated another factor to BRR and differ from those reported in prior Criminal
moderate the contribution of outlier weights on NCVS Victimization bulletins, which used GVF parameters.
estimates. For more information on this methodology, Year-to-year statistically significant differences may also
see the Source and Accuracy Statement for the 2020 vary from previous reports.
National Crime Victimization Survey in the NCVS 2020
Codebook (https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/NACJD/ For prevalence estimates, BJS uses BRR and Taylor
studies/38090/datadocumentation) and National Crime Series Linearization (TSL) methods to generate standard
Victimization Survey: Assessment of Outlier Weights (NCJ errors around these estimates. The TSL method directly
302186, BJS, October 2021). estimates variances through a linearized function
by combining variance estimates from the stratum
Standard error computations and primary sampling units (PSUs) used to sample
households and persons.8 In the NCVS, the design
When national estimates are derived from a sample, as parameters used for computing TSL variances are
with the NCVS, caution must be used when comparing PSEUDOSTRATA (stratum) and HALFSAMPLE (PSU).
one estimate to another or when comparing estimates These design parameters are available for all years except
over time. Although one estimate may be larger than the first half of 1993 and all of 2016; therefore, BRR
another, estimates based on a sample have some degree methods were used for 2016 prevalence estimates. The
of sampling error. The sampling error of an estimate standard errors for prevalence estimates in this report
depends on several factors, including the amount of (see figure 2 and tables 14 through 16) were estimated
variation in the responses and the size of the sample. using TSL.
When the sampling error around an estimate is taken
into account, estimates that appear different may not be Another method used to produce standard errors for
statistically significant. NCVS estimates is through GVF parameters. The U.S.
Census Bureau produces GVF parameters for BJS, which
One measure of the sampling error associated with account for aspects of the NCVS’s complex sample design
an estimate is the standard error. The standard error and represent the curve fitted to a selection of individual
may vary from one estimate to the next. Generally, an standard errors, using a specialized version of BRR based
estimate with a smaller standard error provides a more on Fay’s method. The standard errors for figure 1 were
reliable approximation of the true value than an estimate estimated using GVFs.
with a larger standard error. Estimates with relatively
large standard errors have less precision and reliability GVFs express the variance as a function of the expected
and should be interpreted with caution. value of the survey estimate.9 The GVF parameters are
generated by fitting estimates and their relative variance
For complex sample designs, there are several methods to a regression model, using an iterative weighted least-
that can be used to generate standard errors around a squares procedure where the weight is the inverse of
point estimate (e.g., numbers, percentages, and rates). the square of the predicted relative variance. For more
These include direct variance estimation and generalized information on GVFs, see the most recent version of the
variance function (GVF) parameters. National Crime Victimization Survey, 2016: Technical
Documentation (NCJ 251442, BJS, December 2017).
BJS uses a specialized version of Balanced Repeated GVF parameters are available in the data documentation
Replication (BRR) estimation using Fay’s method to published with the NCVS public use files through the
generate standard errors around the victimization National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (https://www.
estimates.7 BRR estimation is a type of direct replication icpsr.umich.edu/web/NACJD/series/95).
variance estimation. Under replicate variance estimation,
a set of replicate weights (e.g., the NCVS typically has a Direct variance estimation—BRR and TSL—is generally
set consisting of 160 replicate weights) is used to capture considered more accurate than GVFs in terms of how
the sampling variance. Fay’s method is used for surveys closely the variance estimate approximates the true
that have rare outcomes in which the entire sample is variance. With direct variance estimation, each estimate
necessary to properly estimate the variance. The standard is generated based on the outcome being estimated rather
errors for victimization and incident estimates in this than being generated based on a generalized function.
report (see tables 1 through 13) were estimated using
8Ibid.
7Wolter, K. M. (2007). Introduction to variance estimation (2nd ed.). 9Ibid.
Springer.

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BJS conducted statistical tests to determine whether including rape or sexual assault. In the first stage of
differences in estimated numbers, percentages, and screening, survey respondents are administered a series
rates in this report were statistically significant once of short-cue screening questions designed to help
sampling error was taken into account. Using statistical respondents think about different experiences they may
analysis programs developed specifically for the NCVS, have had during the reference period. (See NCVS-1 at
all comparisons in the text of this report were tested https://bjs.ojp.gov/data-collection/ncvs#surveys-0.)
for significance. The primary test procedure was the
Student’s t-statistic, which tests the difference between This design improves respondents’ recall of events,
two sample estimates. Findings described in this report particularly for incidents that may not immediately come
as increases or decreases passed a test at either the 0.05 to mind as crimes, such as those committed by family
level (95% confidence level) or 0.10 level (90% confidence members and acquaintances. Respondents who answer
level) of significance. Figures and tables in this report affirmatively to any of the short-cue screening items
should be referenced for testing on specific findings. are subsequently administered a crime incident report
(CIR) designed to classify incidents into specific crime
Estimates and standard errors of the estimates in this types. (See NCVS-2 at https://bjs.ojp.gov/data-collection/
report may be used to generate a confidence interval ncvs#surveys-0.)
around the estimate as a measure of the margin of error.
The following example illustrates how standard errors First stage of measurement. Two short-cue
may be used to generate confidence intervals: screening questions are specifically designed to target
sexual victimization:
Based on the 2022 NCVS, the rate of violent
victimization in 2022 was 23.5 victimizations 1. Other than any incidents already mentioned,
per 1,000 persons age 12 or older. (See table has anyone attacked or threatened you in any of
1.) Using the BRR method of direct variance these ways—
estimation, BJS determined that the estimated a. with any weapon, such as a gun or knife
victimization rate has a standard error of 0.90.
(See appendix table 2.) A confidence interval b. with anything like a baseball bat, frying pan,
around the estimate is generated by multiplying scissors, or stick
the standard error by ± 1.96 (the t-score of a c. by something thrown, such as a rock or bottle
normal, two-tailed distribution that excludes
d. by grabbing, punching, or choking
2.5% at either end of the distribution). Therefore,
the 95% confidence interval around the 23.5 e. any rape, attempted rape, or other types of sexual
estimate from 2022 is 23.5 ± (0.90 × 1.96) or attack
(21.70 to 25.23). In other words, if BJS used
f. any face-to-face threats
the same sampling method to select different
samples and computed an interval estimate for g. any attack or threat or use of force by anyone at all?
each sample, it would expect the true population Please mention it even if you are not certain it was
parameter (rate of violent victimization) to fall a crime.
within the interval estimates 95% of the time. 2. Incidents involving forced or unwanted sexual acts are
Confidence intervals for flagged estimates should be often difficult to talk about. Other than any incidents
interpreted with caution, as large standard errors may already mentioned, have you been forced or coerced to
result in a lower bound estimate of less than zero. For this engage in unwanted sexual activity by—
report, BJS also calculated a coefficient of variation (CV) a. someone you did not know
for all estimates, representing the ratio of the standard
error to the estimate. CVs (not shown in tables) provide b. a casual acquaintance
another measure of reliability and a means for comparing c. someone you know well?
the precision of estimates across measures with differing
With regard to sexual victimization, respondents may
levels or metrics.
screen into a CIR if they respond affirmatively to other
short-cue screening questions. For instance, a separate
NCVS measurement of rape or sexual assault
screening question cues respondents to think of attacks
The NCVS uses a two-stage measurement approach in or threats that took place in specific locations, such as at
the screening and classification of criminal victimization, home, work, or school. Respondents who recall a sexual

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victimization that occurred at home, work, or school and The final classification of incidents by the CIR results in
answer affirmatively would be administered a CIR even the following definitions of rape and sexual assault used
if they did not respond affirmatively to the screening in the NCVS:
question targeting sexual victimization.
Rape. Coerced or forced sexual intercourse. Forced
Second stage of measurement. The CIR is used to collect sexual intercourse means vaginal, anal, or oral
information on the attributes of each incident. The key penetration by the offender(s). This category could
attributes of sexual violence that are used to classify a include incidents where the penetration was from a
victimization as a rape or sexual assault are the type of foreign object such as a bottle. It includes attempted rape,
attack and physical injury suffered. Victims are asked if threatened rape, male and female victims, and incidents
“the offender hit you, knock[ed] you down, or actually involving victims and offenders who are the same sex or
attack[ed] you in any way”; if “the offender TR[IED] different sexes.
to attack you”; or if “the offender THREATEN[ED]
you with harm in any way?” The survey participant is Sexual assault. A wide range of victimizations, separate
classified as a victim of rape or sexual assault if they from rape, attempted rape, or threatened rape. These
respond affirmatively to one of these three questions crimes include attacks or threatened attacks involving
and then respond that the completed, attempted, or unwanted sexual contact between the victim and
threatened attack was: offender. Sexual assaults may or may not involve force
and include such things as grabbing or fondling.
„ rape
The table Classification of rape and sexual assault in
„ attempted rape the National Crime Victimization Survey outlines how
„ sexual assault other than rape or attempted rape different types of sexual violence are categorized in the
NCVS. For more information on how these crimes are
„ verbal threat of rape classified, see the section Measuring Rape and Sexual
„ verbal threat of sexual assault other than rape Assault in the NCVS data documentation published with
the NCVS public use files through the National Archive
„ unwanted sexual contact with force (grabbing, of Criminal Justice Data (https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/
fondling, etc.) web/ICPSR/series/95).
„ unwanted sexual contact without force (grabbing,
fondling, etc.). Classification of rape and sexual assault in the National
If the victim selects one of the following response options Crime Victimization Survey
to describe the attack, they are also classified as a victim Measure Element of sexual violence
of rape or sexual assault if the injuries suffered as a result Completed rape Type of attack = rape
of the incident are described as: Type of injury = rape
Attempted rape Type of attack = attempted rape
„ raped Type of injury = attempted rape
Type of threat = verbal threat of rape with weapon
„ attempted rape Threatened rape Type of attempted attack/threat = verbal threat of rape
„ sexual assault other than rape or attempted rape. Sexual assault Type of attack = sexual assault other than rape or
attempted rape
Coercion. The CIR does not ask respondents if Type of injury = sexual assault other than rape or
attempted rape
psychological coercion was used, nor make any explicit
Type of attempted attack/threat = unwanted sexual
reference to the victim being unable to provide consent contact with force
(e.g., in incidents involving drug or alcohol use). One Type of attempted attack/threat = unwanted sexual
screening question targeted to rape and sexual assault contact without force
asks respondents if force or coercion was used to initiate Type of attempted attack/threat = verbal threat of
sexual assault other than rape
unwanted sexual activity. Note: Victim is determined to be present in all measures of rape and
sexual assault.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization
Survey, 2022.

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APPENDIX TABLE 1
Estimates and standard errors for figure 1: Rate of violent victimization and violent victimization reported to police,
1993–2022
Total violent victimization Violent victimization reported to police
Rate per 1,000 Rate per 1,000
persons age 12 95% confidence interval persons age 12 95% confidence interval
Year or older Standard error Lower bound Upper bound or older Standard error Lower bound Upper bound
1993 79.8 2.93 74.02 85.51 33.8 2.02 29.88 37.81
1994 80.0 2.72 74.70 85.37 32.4 1.65 29.16 35.62
1995 70.7 2.41 65.96 75.40 28.9 1.58 25.82 32.02
1996 64.7 2.63 59.56 69.88 26.1 1.62 22.93 29.27
1997 61.1 2.78 55.61 66.52 25.6 1.74 22.19 29.03
1998 54.1 2.61 49.01 59.26 24.6 1.65 21.32 27.78
1999 47.2 2.34 42.61 51.80 20.3 1.49 17.40 23.24
2000 37.5 1.98 33.60 41.38 17.2 1.35 14.59 19.88
2001 32.6 1.67 29.35 35.88 16.0 1.15 13.73 18.22
2002 32.1 2.07 28.01 36.11 16.3 1.40 13.54 19.02
2003 32.1 1.68 28.79 35.39 15.2 1.21 12.87 17.62
2004 27.8 1.34 25.19 30.46 14.0 1.00 12.05 15.95
2005 28.4 1.63 25.21 31.62 13.0 1.07 10.90 15.11
2006 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
2007 27.2 1.55 24.18 30.26 12.2 1.11 10.06 14.40
2008 25.3 1.60 22.21 28.49 11.8 1.04 9.72 13.79
2009 22.3 1.31 19.74 24.88 9.8 1.03 7.82 11.86
2010 19.3 1.44 16.46 22.11 9.9 1.01 7.87 11.84
2011 22.6 1.38 19.86 25.28 11.1 0.97 9.16 12.95
2012 26.1 1.20 23.77 28.46 11.5 0.87 9.84 13.24
2013 23.2 1.62 20.00 26.34 10.6 1.08 8.46 12.68
2014 20.1 1.22 17.70 22.50 9.2 0.85 7.58 10.91
2015 18.6 1.16 16.31 20.85 8.6 0.84 6.99 10.29
2016 19.7 0.95 17.80 21.54 8.6 0.68 7.29 9.97
2017 20.6 1.03 18.59 22.61 9.2 0.71 7.85 10.63
2018 23.2 1.30 20.64 25.75 9.9 0.82 8.28 11.50
2019 21.0 1.15 18.74 23.25 8.6 0.72 7.17 9.99
2020 16.4 0.90 14.64 18.15 6.6 0.62 5.37 7.80
2021 16.5 0.82 14.86 18.08 7.5 0.59 6.37 8.67
2022 23.5 0.96 21.59 25.34 9.7 0.68 8.41 11.06
Note: Standard errors were generated using generalized variance function parameters. This differs from tables 1 and 6 in this report, for which standard
errors were calculated using Balanced Repeated Replication. See appendix table 19 for person populations.
--Estimates for 2006 should not be compared to other years. See Criminal Victimization, 2007 (NCJ 224390, BJS, December 2008) for information on changes
to the 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1993–2022.

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APPENDIX TABLE 2
Standard errors for table 1: Number and rate of violent victimizations, by type of crime, 2018–2022
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per
Type of violent crime Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1,000
Total violent crime 343,744 1.25 295,287 1.07 219,870 0.79 204,884 0.73 253,599 0.90
Rape/sexual assault 76,473 0.28 70,656 0.26 50,445 0.18 38,791 0.14 50,993 0.18
Robbery 61,685 0.22 61,708 0.22 54,778 0.20 55,135 0.20 79,954 0.28
Assault 317,636 1.15 264,712 0.96 198,848 0.72 198,046 0.71 231,387 0.82
Aggravated assault 69,272 0.25 87,553 0.32 73,767 0.27 59,066 0.21 124,588 0.44
Simple assault 316,022 1.15 246,234 0.89 169,905 0.61 182,987 0.66 185,591 0.66
Violent crime excluding
simple assault 126,295 0.46 128,935 0.47 105,983 0.38 82,925 0.30 155,866 0.55
Selected characteristics of
violent crime
Domestic violence 105,891 0.39 138,056 0.50 95,903 0.34 93,801 0.34 128,644 0.46
Intimate partner violence 86,437 0.31 100,668 0.36 60,582 0.22 56,820 0.20 108,690 0.39
Stranger violence 235,794 0.86 147,625 0.53 141,274 0.51 117,001 0.42 154,853 0.55
Violent crime with an injury 115,009 0.42 117,551 0.42 148,513 0.53 84,792 0.30 114,574 0.41
Violent crime with a weapon 83,351 0.30 77,411 0.28 79,478 0.29 65,300 0.23 139,386 0.49
Note: Standard errors in this report may vary from previously published standard errors. See Methodology.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018–2022.

APPENDIX TABLE 3
Standard errors for table 2: Number and rate of property victimizations, by type of crime, 2018–2022
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per Rate per
Type of property crime Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1,000 Number 1,000
Total 246,035 1.90 256,412 1.96 269,002 2.12 234,445 1.77 270,771 2.03
Burglary/trespassing 111,336 0.89 96,471 0.76 85,621 0.67 80,585 0.63 100,863 0.78
Burglary 93,132 0.75 86,822 0.68 74,843 0.58 60,851 0.47 86,894 0.67
Trespassing 43,738 0.35 51,388 0.40 42,362 0.33 49,836 0.39 49,088 0.37
Motor vehicle theft 40,105 0.32 42,872 0.34 40,609 0.32 40,093 0.31 48,490 0.37
Other theft 202,949 1.56 221,561 1.70 235,643 1.86 206,654 1.55 229,279 1.71
Note: Standard errors in this report may vary from previously published standard errors. See Methodology.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018–2022.

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APPENDIX TABLE 4 APPENDIX TABLE 5
Standard errors for table 3: Rate of violent victimization, Standard errors for table 4: Percent of victimizations
by type of crime and demographic characteristics of reported to police, by type of crime, 2021 and 2022
victims, 2021 and 2022 Type of crime 2021 2022
Violent crime excluding Total violent crime 2.06% 1.83%
Victim demographic Total violent crime simple assault Rape/sexual assault 4.48 3.46
characteristic 2021 2022 2021 2022 Robbery 6.09 4.89
Total 0.73 0.90 0.30 0.55 Assault 2.19 2.06
Sex Aggravated assault 3.42 3.60
Male 1.13 1.23 0.39 0.82 Simple assault 2.68 2.37
Female 0.89 1.23 0.48 0.77 Violent crime excluding simple assault 2.90% 2.54%
Race/Hispanic origin Selected characteristics of violent crime
White 0.93 1.29 0.44 0.78 Domestic violence 4.98% 4.30%
Black 1.90 2.08 1.05 1.13 Intimate partner violence 5.04 5.29
Hispanic 1.64 2.02 0.60 1.27 Stranger violence 2.87 2.87
Asian/Native Hawaiian/ Violent crime with an injury 4.07 3.56
Other Pacific Islander 2.18 2.62 0.87 1.14
Violent crime with a weapon 3.12 3.57
Other 14.71 11.30 2.72 7.91
Total property crime 0.85% 0.83%
Age
Burglary/trespassing 2.25 2.55
12–17 2.16 3.32 1.06 1.45
Burglary 2.86 3.08
18–24 2.15 3.71 1.53 2.63
Trespassing 3.95 4.50
25–34 1.89 3.09 0.84 1.67
Motor vehicle theft 3.07 2.02
35–49 1.65 2.17 0.75 1.12
Other theft 0.82 0.84
50–64 1.78 1.36 0.60 1.14
65 or older 1.14 1.40 0.37 0.98 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
2021 and 2022.
Marital status
Never married 1.25 1.76 0.58 1.10
Married 0.85 1.04 0.34 0.60
Widowed 3.72 3.05 1.00 2.13
Divorced 3.34 3.86 1.37 2.54
Separated 6.74 10.84 4.47 5.53
Household income
Less than $25,000 2.91 3.56 1.29 2.48
$25,000–$49,999 1.47 1.84 0.59 1.25
$50,000–$99,999 1.31 1.29 0.52 0.69
$100,000–$199,999 1.20 1.69 0.58 1.01
$200,000 or more 1.41 3.06 0.56 1.53
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
2021 and 2022.

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APPENDIX TABLE 6
Standard errors for table 5: Percent and rate of violent victimizations reported to police, by demographic
characteristics of victims, 2021 and 2022
Percent Rate per 1,000
Victim demographic characteristic 2021 2022 2021 2022
Total 2.06% 1.83% 0.49 0.56
Sex
Male 2.77% 2.76% 0.65 0.81
Female 2.88 2.45 0.68 0.77
Race/Hispanic origin
White 2.68% 2.36% 0.65 0.75
Black 5.10 4.32 1.21 1.19
Hispanic 4.14 4.45 0.94 1.31
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 11.33 8.38 1.19 1.12
Other 15.79 5.59 8.97 2.77
Age
12–17 5.29% 4.98% 0.73 1.47
18–24 3.75 3.61 1.05 1.53
25–34 3.70 3.16 1.17 1.50
35–49 3.75 4.14 0.98 1.59
50–64 5.14 3.98 1.57 1.09
65 or older 10.17 6.84 0.54 1.02
Marital status
Never married 2.89% 2.13% 0.91 0.79
Married 3.96 3.80 0.47 0.81
Widowed 13.91 10.14 0.95 1.50
Divorced 5.06 4.70 2.21 2.91
Separated 8.04 7.29 4.40 9.48
Household income
Less than $25,000 4.52% 3.88% 1.97 2.15
$25,000–$49,999 3.79 3.85 0.99 1.22
$50,000–$99,999 4.40 3.50 0.87 0.83
$100,000–$199,999 3.99 4.40 0.56 0.92
$200,000 or more 7.15 5.96 0.76 1.50
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2021 and 2022.

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APPENDIX TABLE 7 APPENDIX TABLE 8
Standard errors for table 6: Rate of victimizations Standard errors for table 7: Number and rate of violent
reported and not reported to police, by type of crime, victimizations, by veteran and citizenship status of
2021 and 2022 victims, 2021 and 2022
Reported to police Not reported to police 2021 2022
Type of crime 2021 2022 2021 2022 Victim veteran/ Rate per Rate per
Total violent crime 0.49 0.56 0.53 0.67 citizenship status Number 1,000 Number 1,000
Rape/sexual assault 0.06 0.06 0.12 0.18 Total violent
victimizations 204,884 0.73 253,599 0.90
Robbery 0.13 0.25 0.14 0.13
Veteran status
Assault 0.44 0.50 0.50 0.63
Veteran 36,988 2.18 61,384 3.63
Aggravated assault 0.16 0.26 0.13 0.32
Nonveteran 194,098 0.83 245,829 1.04
Simple assault 0.41 0.38 0.48 0.55
Citizenship status
Violent crime excluding
simple assault 0.22 0.34 0.22 0.39 U.S. citizen 203,694 0.78 251,766 0.95
Selected characteristics U.S.-born citizen 192,217 0.80 253,463 1.06
of violent crime Naturalized U.S.
Domestic violence 0.19 0.33 0.27 0.29 citizen 55,296 2.34 45,563 1.90
Intimate partner Non-U.S. citizen 23,300 1.58 47,484 3.09
violence 0.14 0.27 0.13 0.26 Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
Stranger violence 0.32 0.35 0.27 0.46 2021 and 2022.
Violent crime with an
injury 0.20 0.26 0.21 0.28
Violent crime with a
weapon 0.18 0.32 0.13 0.34
Total property crime 0.86 1.08 1.58 1.57
Burglary/trespassing 0.40 0.55 0.48 0.51
Burglary 0.32 0.50 0.36 0.39
Trespassing 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28
Motor vehicle theft 0.28 0.33 0.14 0.12
Other theft 0.66 0.83 1.38 1.38
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
2021 and 2022.

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APPENDIX TABLE 9 APPENDIX TABLE 11
Standard errors for table 8: Rate of victimization, by type Standard errors for table 10: Firearm violence, 2021
of crime and location of residence, 2021 and 2022 and 2022
Violent crime 2021 2022
Total violent excluding simple Total property Total violent victimizations 204,884 253,599
Location of crime assault crime
Firearm victimizations
residence 2021 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022
Number 40,095 72,031
Urban 2.06 2.79 1.14 1.65 6.59 7.52
Percent 0.84% 1.04%
Suburban 1.00 1.11 0.38 0.76 1.96 2.25
Rate 0.14 0.26
Rural 1.29 1.80 0.79 1.04 3.81 3.98
Firearm victimizations reported to police
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, Number 33,989 56,779
2021 and 2022.
Percent 4.35% 5.27%
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
2021 and 2022.
APPENDIX TABLE 10
Standard errors for table 9: Percent of violent
victimizations for which victims received assistance
from a victim service provider, by type of crime, 2021
and 2022
Type of violent crime 2021 2022
Total violent crime 1.49% 1.31%
Simple assault 2.11 1.15
Violent crime excluding simple assault 1.38% 2.50%
Selected characteristics of violent crime
Intimate partner violence 4.17% 5.34%
Violent crime with an injury 2.73 3.25
Violent crime with a weapon 1.93 2.51
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey,
2021 and 2022.

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APPENDIX TABLE 12
Standard errors for table 11: Number and percent of violent incidents, by demographic characteristics of population,
victims, and offenders, 2022
Percent of violent incidents
Victim Offender
95% confidence interval 95% confidence interval
Number of violent incidents Standard Lower Upper Standard Lower Upper
Demographic characteristic Victim Offender error bound bound error bound bound
Total 240,942 240,942 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
Sex
Male 160,982 187,050 1.84% 45.00% 52.22% 1.50% 75.62% 81.51%
Female 171,608 93,882 1.84 47.78 55.00 1.41 13.76 19.28
Both male and female offenders ~ 56,728 ~ ~ ~ 0.98 2.99 6.84
Race/Hispanic origin
White 214,229 171,495 2.21% 57.60% 66.27% 2.15% 48.89% 57.31%
Black 69,184 91,132 1.10 9.42 13.73 1.58 22.25 28.46
Hispanic 98,555 82,379 1.55 14.18 20.27 1.53 10.73 16.71
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islander 50,430 20,781 0.79 2.50 5.59 0.42 1.01 2.64
Other 63,497 35,561 0.97 3.33 7.12 0.70 1.19 3.95
Multiple offenders of various races ~ 39,930 ~ ~ ~ 0.77 1.91 4.94
Age
11 or younger ~ 23,076 ~ ~ ~ 0.44% 0.38% 2.11%
12–17 81,875 71,300 1.29% 7.92% 12.96% 1.35 6.67 11.95
18–29 134,450 105,555 1.84 25.42 32.63 1.70 20.59 27.26
30 or older 192,189 186,441 1.89 56.83 64.25 2.32 55.13 64.22
Multiple offenders of various ages ~ 50,952 ~ ~ ~ 0.97 3.94 7.74
~Not applicable.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2022.

APPENDIX TABLE 13
Standard errors for table 12: Number of violent incidents, by sex of victims and offenders, 2022
Total violent Offender sex
Victim sex incidents Male Female Both male and female Unknown
Male 160,982 137,471 46,089 33,974 64,049
Female 171,608 131,930 77,379 41,726 39,982
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2022.

APPENDIX TABLE 14
Standard errors for table 13: Number of violent incidents, by race or Hispanic origin of victims and offenders, 2022
Victim race/ Total violent Offender race/Hispanic origin
Hispanic origin incidents White Black Hispanic Other Unknown
White 214,229 159,555 55,405 50,820 50,721 73,852
Black 69,184 22,208 53,384 14,818 10,715 21,416
Hispanic 98,555 38,555 28,181 56,814 19,810 61,118
Other 84,472 48,436 33,828 30,558 22,222 21,428
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2022.

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APPENDIX TABLE 15
Estimates and standard errors for figure 2: Percent of persons age 12 or older who were victims of violent crime and
violent crime excluding simple assault, 1993–2022
Total violent crime Violent crime excluding simple assault
Percent of persons Percent of persons
95% confidence 95% confidence
Number of persons interval Number of persons interval
Standard Standard Lower Upper Standard Standard Lower Upper
Year Estimate error Estimate error bound bound Estimate error Estimate error bound bound
1993 6,179,940 86,686 2.93% 0.038% 2.856% 3.004% 2,654,090 50,781 1.26% 0.023% 1.213% 1.304%
1994 6,990,270 182,244 3.28 0.075 3.133 3.427 2,965,900 90,291 1.39 0.040 1.313 1.470
1995 6,446,770 163,323 3.00 0.064 2.871 3.123 2,514,400 83,061 1.17 0.036 1.099 1.239
1996 5,889,910 150,960 2.71 0.059 2.596 2.827 2,278,270 82,498 1.05 0.035 0.979 1.118
1997 5,820,310 219,722 2.65 0.078 2.494 2.801 2,306,400 100,289 1.05 0.040 0.970 1.128
1998 5,429,610 204,271 2.45 0.082 2.286 2.608 2,022,980 104,805 0.91 0.043 0.827 0.997
1999 4,744,180 161,025 2.11 0.072 1.972 2.253 1,821,830 70,205 0.81 0.032 0.749 0.873
2000 4,263,640 173,859 1.88 0.071 1.741 2.019 1,622,850 82,634 0.72 0.035 0.648 0.783
2001 3,899,760 163,080 1.70 0.060 1.584 1.819 1,448,910 76,785 0.63 0.032 0.569 0.696
2002 3,593,690 145,715 1.55 0.055 1.445 1.659 1,222,940 61,350 0.53 0.025 0.479 0.577
2003 3,537,510 139,425 1.48 0.049 1.382 1.575 1,277,400 67,957 0.53 0.025 0.484 0.583
2004 3,478,620 157,411 1.44 0.057 1.328 1.551 1,276,560 77,171 0.53 0.031 0.468 0.588
2005 3,350,630 153,848 1.37 0.052 1.268 1.473 1,238,410 70,482 0.51 0.027 0.453 0.560
2006 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
2007 3,308,010 128,862 1.32 0.051 1.222 1.420 1,210,660 69,266 0.48 0.028 0.428 0.539
2008 3,298,910 119,940 1.31 0.045 1.219 1.396 1,210,980 64,122 0.48 0.026 0.429 0.531
2009 2,978,170 124,579 1.17 0.046 1.083 1.261 1,107,630 63,144 0.44 0.024 0.389 0.483
2010 2,753,160 128,035 1.08 0.049 0.980 1.172 1,094,280 74,952 0.43 0.029 0.371 0.484
2011 3,089,720 129,545 1.20 0.045 1.112 1.287 1,205,460 60,858 0.47 0.022 0.425 0.511
2012 3,575,900 130,914 1.36 0.047 1.274 1.456 1,271,770 74,512 0.49 0.027 0.432 0.539
2013 3,041,170 109,612 1.15 0.040 1.072 1.229 1,145,350 56,413 0.43 0.021 0.393 0.474
2014 2,948,540 112,590 1.11 0.042 1.024 1.188 1,235,290 66,223 0.46 0.025 0.415 0.512
2015 2,650,670 115,649 0.98 0.041 0.902 1.065 1,099,400 60,817 0.41 0.023 0.363 0.452
2016 2,882,320 98,610 1.06 0.036 0.988 1.130 1,123,190 59,666 0.41 0.022 0.370 0.456
2017 3,106,340 105,403 1.14 0.038 1.065 1.215 1,225,800 57,738 0.45 0.021 0.409 0.491
2018 3,254,250 106,453 1.18 0.037 1.110 1.254 1,367,270 65,626 0.50 0.023 0.451 0.542
2019 3,059,060 101,966 1.10 0.036 1.034 1.175 1,216,400 59,953 0.44 0.021 0.398 0.481
2020 2,599,620 108,881 0.93 0.040 0.856 1.013 1,026,020 66,478 0.37 0.024 0.321 0.416
2021 2,734,700 97,722 0.98 0.035 0.911 1.048 1,113,930 61,018 0.40 0.022 0.356 0.442
2022 3,511,870 127,339 1.24 0.042 1.161 1.327 1,531,360 74,863 0.54 0.026 0.492 0.593
--Estimates for 2006 should not be compared to other years. See Criminal Victimization, 2007 (NCJ 224390, BJS, December 2008) for information on changes
to the 2006 National Crime Victimization Survey.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 1993–2022.

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APPENDIX TABLE 16
Standard errors for table 14: Number and percent of persons who were victims of violent crime, by type of crime,
2018–2022
Number of victims Percent of persons
Type of violent crime 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Total violent crime 106,453 101,966 108,881 97,722 127,339 0.037% 0.036% 0.040% 0.035% 0.042%
Rape/sexual assault 33,619 22,482 24,065 25,591 29,789 0.012 0.008 0.009 0.009 0.010
Robbery 30,657 30,947 32,588 31,738 37,973 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.011 0.013
Assault 92,852 94,118 96,250 86,680 109,798 0.033 0.033 0.035 0.031 0.037
Aggravated assault 43,726 46,549 46,890 39,415 51,185 0.016 0.017 0.017 0.014 0.018
Simple assault 89,167 78,655 84,023 72,824 90,943 0.032 0.028 0.031 0.026 0.031
Violent crime excluding
simple assault 65,626 59,953 66,478 61,018 74,863 0.023% 0.021% 0.024% 0.022% 0.026%
Selected characteristics of
violent crime
Domestic violence 44,973 36,583 40,970 37,936 44,286 0.016% 0.013% 0.015% 0.014% 0.016%
Intimate partner violence 33,587 28,984 27,659 26,140 31,093 0.012 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.011
Stranger violence 70,402 69,343 76,962 66,889 82,772 0.025 0.025 0.028 0.024 0.029
Violent crime with an injury 47,606 49,955 47,154 42,454 50,560 0.017 0.018 0.017 0.015 0.018
Violent crime with a weapon 46,485 50,036 50,350 44,500 59,020 0.017 0.018 0.018 0.016 0.021
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018–2022.

APPENDIX TABLE 17
Standard errors for table 15: Number and percent of persons who were victims of violent crime, by demographic
characteristics of victims, 2021 and 2022
Number of victims Percent of persons
Victim demographic characteristic 2021 2022 2021 2022
Total 97,722 127,339 0.035% 0.042%
Sex
Male 75,324 78,501 0.055% 0.055%
Female 59,742 86,960 0.041 0.058
Race/Hispanic origin
White 70,915 97,508 0.042% 0.051%
Black 35,208 42,023 0.105 0.121
Hispanic 43,181 45,777 0.086 0.086
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 17,470 22,103 0.089 0.111
Other 22,667 18,979 0.386 0.327
Age
12–17 29,818 56,345 0.120% 0.208%
18–24 41,133 45,478 0.136 0.150
25–34 46,828 48,685 0.101 0.108
35–49 37,300 45,952 0.063 0.072
50–64 37,870 37,263 0.062 0.058
65 or older 23,794 26,186 0.042 0.045
Marital status
Never married 73,926 93,459 0.071% 0.085%
Married 50,672 57,890 0.040 0.043
Widowed 11,189 16,515 0.070 0.106
Divorced 30,422 33,150 0.110 0.119
Separated 16,992 16,517 0.352 0.338
Household income
Less than $25,000 43,469 52,763 0.100% 0.133%
$25,000–$49,999 36,640 48,828 0.058 0.077
$50,000–$99,999 47,381 58,845 0.054 0.064
$100,000–$199,999 35,300 50,080 0.057 0.071
$200,000 or more 16,812 30,584 0.075 0.114
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2021 and 2022.

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APPENDIX TABLE 18
Standard errors for table 16: Number and percent of households that experienced property crime, by type of crime,
2018–2022
Number of households victimized Percent of households victimized
Type of property crime 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Total property crime 169,072 163,275 176,573 153,085 163,929 0.119% 0.118% 0.124% 0.111% 0.113%
Burglary/trespassing 66,270 61,066 53,779 59,376 53,021 0.051% 0.047% 0.041% 0.045% 0.041%
Burglary 58,052 50,120 44,286 46,271 40,542 0.046 0.039 0.034 0.036 0.032
Trespassing 30,960 32,806 28,553 36,326 32,318 0.024 0.026 0.022 0.028 0.025
Motor vehicle theft 29,684 30,870 33,842 30,151 34,705 0.024% 0.024% 0.026% 0.023% 0.026%
Other theft 153,323 147,443 155,184 136,718 143,116 0.113% 0.108% 0.110% 0.101% 0.098%
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018–2022.

APPENDIX TABLE 19
Population of persons age 12 or older, by demographic characteristics, 2018–2022
Demographic characteristic 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Total 275,325,390 276,872,470 278,082,260 279,188,570 282,304,640
Sex
Male 133,907,500 134,693,660 135,260,190 135,863,650 138,308,540
Female 141,417,890 142,178,810 142,822,080 143,324,920 143,996,100
Race/Hispanic origin
Whitea 171,493,180 171,423,480 171,267,760 171,158,580 171,625,260
Blacka 33,132,390 33,397,100 33,688,820 33,938,330 34,448,440
Hispanic 46,997,610 47,890,870 48,640,170 49,402,220 50,873,240
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islandera,b 18,094,710 18,335,230 18,867,300 19,293,190 19,681,580
Othera,c 5,607,500 5,825,790 5,618,230 5,396,250 5,676,110
Age
12–17 24,917,160 24,941,440 24,992,970 24,905,640 25,875,630
18–24 29,838,720 29,646,500 29,353,220 29,130,230 29,483,540
25–34 44,946,880 45,289,720 45,294,090 45,260,400 44,673,480
35–49 61,429,050 61,483,410 61,393,010 61,448,170 62,718,200
50–64 62,940,810 62,643,880 62,477,170 62,284,210 62,912,810
65 or older 51,252,780 52,867,520 54,571,810 56,159,930 56,640,980
Marital statusd
Never married 97,152,920 97,943,560 99,468,100 101,747,930 104,122,530
Married 128,744,200 129,699,090 129,399,370 127,458,620 128,793,660
Widowed 15,166,010 15,160,640 15,350,940 15,760,770 15,255,090
Divorced 27,360,570 27,184,390 27,280,860 27,374,380 27,523,050
Separated 5,129,600 4,970,250 4,810,270 4,770,190 4,909,160
Household income
Less than $25,000 50,629,410 47,213,950 41,849,120 41,846,630 38,445,470
$25,000–$49,999 70,739,680 68,598,330 66,271,710 64,861,660 61,575,030
$50,000–$99,999 90,829,470 91,124,780 88,752,540 88,155,100 88,540,080
$100,000–$199,999 47,677,720 52,113,470 60,852,220 62,121,610 68,027,520
$200,000 or more 15,449,110 17,821,930 20,356,680 22,203,560 25,716,540
aExcludes persons of Hispanic origin (e.g., “white” refers to non-Hispanic white persons and “black” refers to non-Hispanic black persons).
bIncludes persons who identified as Asian only or Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander only.
cIncludes persons who identified as American Indian or Alaska Native only or as two or more races.
dEstimates do not sum to totals due to missing data on marital status.
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018–2022.

APPENDIX TABLE 20
Population of households, 2018–2022
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Total 124,824,660 126,433,890 127,945,770 129,319,230 131,259,550
Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, 2018–2022.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics of the U.S. Department of Justice is the principal
federal agency responsible for measuring crime, criminal victimization,
criminal offenders, victims of crime, correlates of crime, and the operation of
criminal and civil justice systems at the federal, state, tribal, and local levels.
BJS collects, analyzes, and disseminates reliable statistics on crime and justice
systems in the United States, supports improvements to state and local criminal
justice information systems, and participates with national and international
organizations to develop and recommend national standards for justice
statistics. Kevin M. Scott, PhD, is the principal deputy director.

This report was written by Alexandra Thompson and Susannah N. Tapp, PhD.
Erika Harrell and Stephanie Mueller verified the report.

Edrienne Su edited the report. Jeffrey Link produced the report.

Office of Justice Programs