SELF MADE TEST PAPER (REVIEWER)

LESSON 1

1.What are the two Greek words that form the term "philosophy"?

A) Philo and sophos

B) Philo and sophia

C) Sophia and logos

D) Logos and ethos

Correct Answer: B Philo and Sophia

2.What is the primary goal of philosophy?

A) To achieve wealth

B) To understand the natural world

C) To attain wisdom

D) To conquer fear

Correct Answer: C To attain wisdom

3.Philosophy is a science because it is:

A) Based on religious beliefs

B) Systematic and organized

C) Only studied by experts

D) Supernatural in nature

Correct Answer: B Systematic and organized

4.Philosophers use the "natural light of reason" to:

A) Conduct experiments

B) Rely on intuition

C) Use their thinking capacity

D) Consult religious texts

Correct Answer: C Use their thinking capacity

5.Philosophy differs from other sciences because it:

A) Is limited to a specific field of study

B) Focuses on practical applications

C) Deals with the fundamental principles of all things

D) Relies on empirical evidence

Correct Answer: C Deals with the fundamental principles of all things

6.Philosophy is considered multidimensional or holistic because:

A) It is limited to a specific field of study

B) It deals with a wide range of topics

C) It is based on scientific experiments

D) It is purely theoretical

Correct Answer: B It deals with a wide range of topics

7.The principle of identity states that:

A) Everything is constantly changing

B) Everything is unique
C) Everything is what it is

D) Everything is interconnected

Correct Answer: C Everything is what it is

8.The principle of non-contradiction means that:

A) Something cannot be both true and false at the same time

B) Everything has an opposite

C) Change is inevitable

D) There is always a middle ground

Correct Answer: A Something cannot be both true and false at the same time

9.The principle of excluded middle asserts that:

A) There is always a third option

B) Everything is either true or false

C) Everything is relative

D) There is no absolute truth

Correct Answer: B Everything is either true or false

10.The principle of sufficient reason states that:

A) Nothing will not exist without any reason at all

B) Nothing is without purpose

C) The universe is deterministic

D) There is no ultimate reality

Correct Answer: A Nothing will not exist without any reason at all
11: What is the primary focus of Western Philosophy?

A. Faith

B. Systematic argumentation and theory

C. Tradition

D. Individualism

Answer: B Systematic argumentation and theory

12: What was the primary method of learning in Ancient Greece?

A. Lecture

B. Discussion and argument

C. Memorization

D. Observation

Answer: B Discussion and argument

13: Who were the teachers who traveled throughout Greece and taught people who wished to learn?

A. The Philosophers

B. The Sophists

C. The Cynics

D. The Stoics

Answer: B The Sophists

14: What was the central belief of the Philosophers?

A. Man should know all things in the world.

B. Man should rely on faith.

C. Man should strive to achieve truth through reason.

D. Man should focus on material wealth.

Answer: C Man should strive to achieve truth through reason.

15: Which ancient Greek philosopher is credited with formulating the Pythagorean theorem?

A. Socrates

B. Plato

C. Aristotle

D. Pythagoras

Answer: D Pythagoras

16: Who proposed that everything that exists is based on a higher order or plan called "logos"?

A. Heraclitus

B. Democritus

C. Diogenes of Sinope

D. Epicurus

Answer: A Heraclitus

17: Who was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms?

A. Heraclitus

B. Democritus

C. Diogenes of Sinope

D. Epicurus

Answer: B Democritus

18: Who was a known advocate of a simple and virtuous life?

A. Heraclitus

B. Democritus

C. Diogenes of senope

D. Epicurus

Answer: C Diogenes of senope

19: Who believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness?

A. Heraclitus

B. Democritus

C. Diogenes of Sinope

D. Epicurus

Answer: D Epicurus

20: Who was considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times?

A. Heraclitus

B. Democritus

C. Diogenes of Sinope

D. Socrates

Answer:D Socrates

21.What method did Socrates use to examine a topic?

A) Socratic method

B) Dialectic method
C) Empiricism

D) Rationalism

Answer: B) Dialectic method

22.Which philosopher proposed the Theory of Forms?

A) Socrates

B) Aristotle

C) Plato

D) Archimedes

Answer: C) Plato

23.What was the name of the institution founded by Plato?

A) The Academy

B) The Lyceum

C) The Stoa

D) The Epicurean Garden

Answer: A) The Academy

24.Which school of thought emphasized the application of philosophy to define and explain religious
doctrines?

A) Stoicism

B) Scholasticism

C) Humanism

D) Rationalism

Answer: B) Scholasticism
25.Who was a prominent philosopher of the Scholasticism movement?

A) Seneca

B) Epictetus

C) St. Thomas Aquinas

D) Rene Descartes

Answer: C) St. Thomas Aquinas

26.Which school of thought emphasized the human person and the use of philosophy to understand
society, nature, and humanity?

A) Stoicism

B) Scholasticism

C) Humanism

D) Rationalism

Answer: C) Humanism

27.Who was a notable Renaissance philosopher known for his humanist views?

A) St. Augustine

B) Niccolo Machiavelli

C) Rene Descartes

D) David Hume

Answer: B) Niccolo Machiavelli

28.Which school of thought emphasized reason and logic as the basis of knowledge and belief?

A) Stoicism

B) Scholasticism

C) Humanism
D) Rationalism

Answer: D) Rationalism

29.Who was a prominent philosopher of the Rationalism movement?

A) David Hume

B) John Locke

C) Rene Descartes

D) Francis Bacon

Answer: C) Rene Descartes

30.Which school of thought emphasized knowledge gained through the senses and experience?

A) Stoicism

B) Scholasticism

C) Humanism

D) Empiricism

Answer: D) Empiricism

31. Which philosophical school emphasizes the importance of individual rights and liberties?

A. Stoicism

B. Scholasticism

C. Humanism

D. Rationalism

Answer: C. Humanism

32: Existentialism defines human experience based on:

A. Logic and reason

B. Faith and religion

C. The views, emotions, and actions of the individual

D. The practical use of knowledge

Answer: C. The views, emotions, and actions of the individual

33: The philosopher who believed that man will never understand the human condition is?

A. René Descartes

B. Albert Camus

C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

D. Friedrich Nietzsche

Answer: B. Albert Camus

34: Which philosophical school focuses on the subjective viewpoint of the individual?

A. Pragmatism

B. Phenomenology

C. Absurdism

D. Stoicism

Answer: B. Phenomenology

35: The father of Stoicism is:

A. Zeno of Citium

B. St. Anselm of Canterbury

C. Petrarch

D. René Descartes
Answer: A. Zeno of Citium

36: Scholasticism aims to reconcile:

A. Faith and reason

B. Individualism and collectivism

C. Humanism and rationalism

D. Pragmatism and phenomenology

Answer: A. Faith and reason

37: The philosophical school that emphasizes the practical use of knowledge and ideas is:

A. Absurdism

B. Pragmatism

C. Humanism

D. Existentialism

Answer: B. Pragmatism

38: Postmodernism and Post-Structuralism analyze:

A. The meaning of life

B. The subjective viewpoint of the individual

C. How knowledge, ideas, and power relations are defined

D. The practical use of knowledge

Answer: C. How knowledge, ideas, and power relations are defined

39: Rationalism emphasizes:

A. The role of emotions

B. The importance of faith

C. Reason as the primary source of knowledge

D. The subjective viewpoint of the individual

Answer: C. Reason as the primary source of knowledge

40: Which philosophical school teaches that we should focus on what we can control and accept what
we cannot?

A. Pragmatism

B. Existentialism

C. Stoicism

D. Phenomenology

Answer: C. Stoicism

41.Which philosophy emphasizes the role of direct sensory experience in gaining knowledge?

A. Rationalism

B. Empiricism

C. Existentialism

D. Pragmatism

Answer: B. Empiricism

42.Which philosophy suggests that life has no inherent meaning and individuals must create their own
purpose?

A. Social and Political Philosophy

B. Existentialism

C. AbsurdisD. Phenomenology
Answer: B. Existentialism

43.The belief that the truth of a belief is determined by its practical effects is associated with which
philosophy?

A. Pragmatism

B. Absurdism

C. Phenomenology

D. Postmodernism

Answer: A. Pragmatism

44.Which philosophy focuses on studying and describing how things appear to our consciousness?

A. Phenomenology

B. Absurdism

C. Postmodernism

D. Pragmatism

Answer: A. Phenomenology

45.The belief that humans search for meaning in life, but the universe is indifferent and meaningless, is
central to which philosophy?

A. Absurdism

B. Phenomenology

C. Postmodernism

D. Pragmatism

Answer: A. Absurdism

46.Which philosophy challenges the idea of absolute truths and argues that "truth" is shaped by culture,
language, and power structures?
A. Postmodernism

B. Absurdism

C. Phenomenology

D. Pragmatism

Answer: A. Postmodernism

47.The belief that knowledge comes primarily from reason and logic, without relying on sensory
experience, is associated with which philosophy?

A. Rationalism

B. Empiricism

C. Existentialism

D. Pragmatism

Answer: A. Rationalism

48.Which philosophy explores questions about society, justice, rights, and the role of government?

A. Social and Political Philosophy

B. Existentialism

C. Absurdism

D. Phenomenology

Answer: A. Social and Political Philosophy

49.The idea that the universe is indifferent and meaningless is a core concept in which philosophy?

A. Absurdism

B. Phenomenology

C. Postmodernism

D. Pragmatism
Answer: A. Absurdism

50.Which philosophy emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and responsibility?

A. Existentialism

B. Absurdism

C. Phenomenology

D. Pragmatism

Answer: A. Existentialism

51. What school of thought believes that there is no single "true" version of history?

A. Postmodernism

B. Structuralism

C. Enlightenment

D. Renaissance

Answer: A. Postmodernism

52. Which ancient civilization ruled much of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East?

A. Greece

B. Egypt

C. Rome

D. Persia

Answer: C. Rome

53. What period followed the fall of the Roman Empire?

A. Renaissance
B. Enlightenment

C. Medieval Period

D. Modern Period

Answer: C. Medieval Period

54. Which architectural style is associated with the Renaissance?

A. Gothic

B. Baroque

C. Romanesque

D. Neoclassical

Answer: D. Neoclassical

55. What intellectual movement emphasized reason, science, and individual rights?

A. Renaissance

B. Enlightenment

C. Modern Period

D. Postmodernism

Answer: B. Enlightenment

56. Which philosopher promoted ideas about democracy and human rights?

A. John Locke

B. Plato

C. Aristotle

D. Karl Marx

Answer: A. John Locke

57. What historical period is characterized by rapid industrialization, technological advances, and major
political changes?

A. Medieval Period

B. Renaissance

C. Modern Period

D. Enlightenment

Answer: C. Modern Period

58. What is the belief system that emphasizes the belief in one God and the Jewish people as God's
chosen people?

A. Christianity

B. Islam

C. Judaism

D. Buddhism

Answer: C. Judaism

59. Which school of thought is associated with the belief that "God is dead"?

A. Postmodernism

B. Existentialism

C. Pragmatism

D. Enlightenment

Answer: B. Existentialism

60. What is the main feature of Eastern philosophy that emphasizes the importance of harmony and
balance?

A. Confucianism
B. Taoism

C. Buddhism

D. Hinduism

Answer: B. Taoism

61.What is the name of the sacred scriptures in Hinduism?

A) The Quran

B) The Vedas

C) The Bible

D) The Tripitaka

Answer: B) The Vedas

62Which of the following is NOT one of the three main Hindu gods?

A) Brahma

B) Shiva

C) Vishnu

D) Krishna

Answer: D) Krishna

63.What is the concept of rebirth and reincarnation in Hinduism called?

A) Karma

B) Dharma

C) Moksha

D) Samsara

Answer: D) Samsara
64.What is the fundamental belief in Shinto about the relationship between the material and spiritual
worlds?

A) They are completely separate.

B) The spiritual world is superior to the material world.

C) The material and spiritual worlds are closely connected.

D) There is no distinction between the two worlds.

Answer: C) The material and spiritual worlds are closely connected.

65.How do Shinto practitioners connect with the spiritual world?

A) Through meditation and prayer

B) Through rituals and traditions

C) Through pilgrimage to holy sites

D) Through studying sacred texts

Answer: B) Through rituals and traditions

66What is the Jain view of the universe?

A) It is created by a divine being.

B) It is eternal and unchanging.

C) It is constantly evolving.

D) It is a cycle of birth and death.

Answer: B) It is eternal and unchanging.

67.What are the five main vows that Jain practitioners strive to follow?

A) Ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya, aparigraha

B) Love, wisdom, compassion, courage, patience

C) Peace, harmony, justice, equality, freedom

D) Faith, hope, charity, temperance, prudence

Answer: A) Ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya, aparigraha

68.How do Jain practitioners achieve wisdom?

A) Through studying sacred texts

B) Through rituals and ceremonies

C) Through meditation and discipline

D) Through pilgrimage to holy sites

Answer: C) Through meditation and discipline

69.Which religion believes in a pantheon of gods?

A) Hinduism

B) Shinto

C) Jainism

D) All of the above

Answer: A) Hinduism

70.Which religion rejects the idea of a creator?

A) Hinduism

B) Shinto

C) Jainism

D) None of the above

Answer: C) Jainism
71. What is the central belief of Buddhism?

A. Achieving enlightenment through reincarnation

B. Following the Eightfold Path to end suffering

C. Worshiping multiple gods and goddesses

D. Embracing the cycle of birth and death

Answer: B. Following the Eightfold Path to end suffering

72. Which of the following is NOT a core belief shared by Buddhism and Hinduism?

A. Samsara (cycle of rebirth)

B. Dharma (righteous path)

C. Moksha (liberation from suffering)

D. Monotheism

Answer: D. Monotheism

73. Who is considered the founder of Buddhism?

A. Krishna

B. Muhammad

C. Siddharta Gautama (Buddha)

D. Lao Tzu

Answer: C. Siddharta Gautama (Buddha)

74. What is the central concept of Taoism?

A. The pursuit of wealth and power

B. The harmony of yin and yang

C. The worship of a single deity

D. The importance of following strict rules

Answer: B. The harmony of yin and yang

75. Which of the following is one of the Five Pillars of Islam?

A. Pilgrimage to Jerusalem

B. Fasting during the month of Ramadan

C. Worshiping idols

D. Following the caste system

Answer: B. Fasting during the month of Ramadan

76. What is the holy book of Sikhism?

A. The Bible

B. The Quran

C. The Guru Granth Sahib

D. The Tripitaka

Answer: C. The Guru Granth Sahib

77. Which religion emphasizes the importance of meditation as a means of connecting with God?

A. Buddhism

B. Hinduism

C. Sikhism

D. Taoism

Answer: C. Sikhism
78. Which religion is primarily practiced in East Asia?

A. Buddhism

B. Taoism

C. Islam

D. Sikhism

Answer: A. Buddhism and B. Taoism (both are primarily practiced in East Asia)

79. Which religion originated in India?

A. Buddhism

B. Taoism

C. Islam

D. Sikhism

Answer: A. Buddhism and D. Sikhism (both originated in India)

80. Which religion is characterized by its emphasis on the unity of God and the creation?

A. Buddhism

B. Taoism

C. Islam

D. Sikhism

Answer: D. Sikhism

81. What is the central belief of Buddhism?

A. The worship of multiple gods

B. The attainment of enlightenment through meditation

C. The creation of the universe by a single God

D. The pursuit of pleasure and material wealth

Answer: B. The attainment of enlightenment through meditation

82. Which of the following religions believes in the concept of reincarnation

A. Taoism

B. Islam

C. Sikhism

D. Buddhism

Answer: D. Buddhism

83. Who is considered the founder of Islam?

A. Siddhartha Gautama

B. Muhammad

C. Lao Tzu

D. Guru Nanak

Answer: B. Muhammad

84. What is the holy book of Sikhism?

A. Tripitaka

B. Quran

C. Tao Te Ching

D. Guru Granth Sahib

Answer: D. Guru Granth Sahib

85. Which religion emphasizes the importance of following the Eightfold Path to achieve liberation from
suffering?

A. Buddhism

B. Taoism

C. Islam

D. Sikhism

Answer: A. Buddhism

86. The concept of yin and yang is central to which religion?

A. Buddhism

B. Taoism

C. Islam

D. Sikhism

Answer: B. Taoism

87. Which religion emphasizes the importance of pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca?

A. Buddhism

B. Taoism

C. Islam

D. Sikhism

Answer: C. Islam

88. Which religion believes in the existence of a single God, Allah?

A. Buddhism

B. Taoism

C. Islam
D. Sikhism

Answer: C. Islam

89. Which religion originated in India?

A. Buddhism

B. Taoism

C. Islam

D. Sikhism

Answer: A. Buddhism and D. Sikhism (both originated in India)

90. Which religion emphasizes the concept of karma and its influence on future lives?

A. Buddhism

B. Taoism

C. Islam

D. Sikhism

Answer: A. Buddhism

91.What are the five branches of philosophy?

A. Metaphysics, Ethics, Epistemology, Logic, and Aesthetics

B. Metaphysics, Ethics, Epistemology, Logic, and Theology

C. Metaphysics, Ethics, Epistemology, Logic, and Psychology

D. Metaphysics, Ethics, Epistemology, Logic, and SociologyAnswer: A Metaphysics, Ethics, Epistemology,

Logic, and Aesthetics

92.Which branch of philosophy deals with the nature of reality and existence?
A. Epistemology

B. Ethics

C. Logic

D) Metaphysics

Answer: D Metaphysics

93Who is a well-known philosopher associated with metaphysics?

A. Aristotle

B. Descartes

C. Plato

D. Socrates

Answer: C Plato

94.According to Plato, what is the relationship between reality and appearance?

A. Reality is identical to appearance.

B. Reality is superior to appearance.

C. Appearance is superior to reality.

D. Reality and appearance are unrelated.

Answer: B Reality is superior to appearance.

95.What is the focus of ethical philosophy?

A. The nature of knowledge

B. The nature of beauty

C. The nature of right and wrong

D. The nature of logic

Answer: C The nature of right and wrong

96.Which philosopher argued for equal rights between black and white Americans?

A. Plato

B. Descartes

C. Socrates

D. William Du Bois

Answer: D William Du Bois

97.What are the two main methods of acquiring knowledge?

A. Induction and deduction

B. Empiricism and rationalism

C. Pragmatism and idealism

D. Intuition and reason

Answer: A Induction and deduction

98.Who are famous pragmatists?

A. Plato and Aristotle

B. Descartes and Locke

C. William James and John Dewed

D. Socrates and Kant

Answer: C William James and John Dewed

99.What is the primary purpose of logic?

A. To provide knowledge of the world

B. To guide arguments and discourses

C. To study the nature of beauty

D. To investigate the nature of reality

Answer: B To guide arguments and discourse

100.Who is considered the first philosopher to employ logical methods?

A. Plato

B. Aristotle

C. Descartes

D. Socrates

Answer: B Aristotle

101.What is the focus of aesthetics?

A. The nature of knowledge

B. The nature of right and wrong

C. The nature of beauty

D. The nature of logic

Answer: C The nature of beauty

102.How can aesthetics be used to explain matters regarding culture and arts?

A. By studying the history of art movements

B. By analyzing the techniques used by artists

C. By examining the cultural context of artistic works

D. By comparing different artistic styles

Answer: C By examining the cultural context of artistic works

103.Why is it important for students to study aesthetics?

A. To become better artists

B. To understand the history of philosophy

C. To appreciate the beauty of the world

D. To develop critical thinking skills

Answer: C To appreciate the beauty of the world

104.What is the significance of philosophy in human life?

A. It provides answers to all of life's questions.

B. It helps us understand ourselves and the world better.

C. It is only for intellectuals and scholars.

D. It is not relevant to modern life.

Answer: B It helps us understand ourselves and the world better.

105.Why is there a need for humans to philosophize?

A. To escape from the complexities of life.

B. To satisfy our curiosity about the unknown.

C. To become more successful in our careers.

D. To avoid making mistakes.

Answer: B To satisfy our curiosity about the unknown.

LESSON 2
106. What is the branch of philosophy that deals with the study of causality?

A. Ethics

B. Teleology

C. Etiology

D. Determinism

Answer: C. Etiology

107. Which philosophical concept refers to a predetermined course of events leading to a specific
outcome or future?

A. Determinism

B. Destiny

C. Agency

D. Free Will

Answer: B. Destiny

108. What is the branch of philosophy that deals with the standards of right and wrong that define
human behavior?

A. Ethics

B. Teleology

C. Etiology

D. Determinism

Answer: A. Ethics

109. Which philosophical method involves analyzing a topic by formulating a series of questions
designed to clarify a person's views?

A. Socratic Method
B. Dialectic

C. Argument

D. Systematic Doubt

Answer: A. Socratic Method

110. What are assumptions taken for granted in a philosophical discussion?

A. Axioms

B. Syllogisms

C. Dialectics

D. Arguments

Answer: A. Axioms

111. Which problem-solving device is used in analyzing possible explanations regarding a phenomenon?

A. Occam's Razor

B. Socratic Method

C. Dialectic

D. Argument

Answer: A. Occam's Razor

112. What is the systematic analysis of the validity of arguments and statements?

A. Formal Logic

B. Dialectic

C. Argument
D. Systematic Doubt

Answer: A. Formal Logic

113. Which philosophical concept refers to the belief that each event is determined or influenced by a
specific set of events or factors?

A. Determinism

B. Destiny

C. Agency

D. Free Will

Answer: A. Determinism

114. What is the branch of philosophy that deals with the question of purpose?

A. Ethics

B. Teleology

C. Etiology

D. Determinism

Answer: B. Teleology

115. Which philosophical method involves examining a topic by considering various perspectives and
formulating new ideas based on the information gathered?

A. Socratic Method

B. Dialectic

C. Argument

D. Systematic Doubt

Answer: B. Dialectic
116: What is the primary function of philosophy?

A. To study the natural world

B. To explore the meaning and nature of reality

C. To develop practical skills for everyday life

D. To create works of art

Answer: B. To explore the meaning and nature of reality

117: Which philosophical concept illustrates the problems with the idea of an object's identity?

A. The Allegory of the Cave

B. The Ship of Theseus

C. The Prisoner's Dilemma

D. The Theory of Forms

Answer: B. The Ship of Theseus

118: How does philosophy help us approach information from media?

A. By teaching us to be skeptical of everything we see

B. By providing tools for critical analysis and interpretation

C. By promoting a belief in absolute truth

D. By encouraging us to blindly follow authority figures

Answer: B. By providing tools for critical analysis and interpretation

119: Which philosophical skill is essential for effective communication?

A. The ability to memorize long texts

B. The capacity for abstract thought

C. The skill of clear and concise expression

D. The talent for public speaking

Answer: C. The skill of clear and concise expression

120: What is the intended outcome of philosophizing?

A. Material wealth

B. Political power

C. Wisdom and understanding

D. Religious faith

Answer: C. Wisdom and understanding

121: How can philosophy contribute to personal development?

A. By making us more materialistic

B. By limiting our creativity

C. By fostering critical thinking and reflection

D. By teaching us to avoid conflict

Answer: C. By fostering critical thinking and reflection

LESSON 3

122: Which philosophical concept explores the tension between individual interests and cooperation?

A. The Allegory of the Cave

B. The Ship of Theseus

C. The Prisoner's Dilemma

D. The Theory of Forms

Answer: C. The Prisoner's Dilemma

123: How does philosophy help us avoid being tricked by false claims?

A. By teaching us to believe everything we hear

B. By promoting a culture of blind trust

C. By providing tools for critical thinking and evaluation

D. By encouraging us to isolate ourselves from others

Answer: C. By providing tools for critical thinking and evaluation

124: Which philosophical concept describes the relationship between perception and knowledge?

A. The Allegory of the Cave

B. The Ship of Theseus

C. The Prisoner's Dilemma

D. The Theory of Forms

Answer: A. The Allegory of the Cave

125: How can philosophy help us be more open to new ideas?

A. By promoting a culture of conformity

B. By emphasizing the importance of tradition

C. By fostering critical thinking and intellectual curiosity

D. By encouraging us to ignore dissenting opinions

Answer: C. By fostering critical thinking and intellectual curiosity

126: What is the main purpose of philosophy in determining truth?

A) To provide absolute certainty

B) To help us evaluate the credibility of information

C) To create new theories about the world

D) To prove that there is no objective truth

Answer: B) To help us evaluate the credibility of information

126: What is the concept of "justified, true belief"?

A) A belief that is proven to be correct through scientific experiments

B) A belief that is widely accepted by society

C) A belief that is based on evidence and reasoning

D) A belief that is purely subjective and personal

Answer: C) A belief that is based on evidence and reasoning

127: According to the correspondence theory of truth, a statement is true if...

A) It is consistent with other beliefs

B) It is widely accepted by experts

C) It corresponds to reality

D) It is logically sound

Answer: C) It corresponds to reality

128: The coherence theory of truth states that...

A) Truth is subjective and depends on individual perspectives

B) Truth is objective and independent of human beliefs

C) Truth is based on logical consistency

D) Truth is based on empirical evidence

Answer: A) Truth is subjective and depends on individual perspectives

129: What is the main problem with the concept of absolute truth?

A) It is impossible to prove

B) It is subjective and depends on individual perspectives

C) It is based on outdated ideas

D) It is not relevant to modern society

Answer: A) It is impossible to prove

130: Why is it important to evaluate the credibility of information?

A) To avoid being misled by false claims

B) To impress others with your knowledge

C) To become a better debater

D) To make more money

Answer: A) To avoid being misled by false claims

131: What is the danger of relying solely on sensational headlines?

A) It can lead to biased opinions

B) It can cause emotional distress

C) It can waste your time

D) It can make you less intelligent

Answer: A) It can lead to biased opinions

132: Why is critical thinking important in determining truth?

A) It helps us identify logical fallacies

B) It makes us more persuasive

C) It makes us more confident

D) It helps us avoid making mistakes

Answer: A) It helps us identify logical fallacies

133: What is the role of authority in determining truth?

A) Authority is always right

B) Authority should be questioned

C) Authority is irrelevant

D) Authority is the only source of truth

Answer: B) Authority should be questioned

134: How can philosophy help us understand the concept of truth?

A) By providing definitive answers

B) By challenging our assumptions

C) By making us more religious

D) By making us less skeptical

Answer: B) By challenging our assumptions

135. What philosophical concept contends that there are no absolute truths?

A. Constructivism

B. Relativism

C. Consensus Theory

D. Pragmatism
Answer: B. Relativism

136. The theory that knowledge is shaped by social forces and influenced by culture and history is
known as:

A. Consensus Theory

B. Pragmatism

C. Constructivism

D. Relativism

Answer: C. Constructivism

137. According to the consensus theory, what determines the truth of a belief or claim?

A. The agreement of most people

B. Scientific verification

C. Practical application

D. Individual experience

Answer: A. The agreement of most people

137. The IAU's decision to reclassify Pluto as a dwarf planet was based on:

A. Scientific consensus

B. Individual opinion

C. Religious belief

D. Political pressure

Answer: A. Scientific consensus

138. The pragmatic theory emphasizes the importance of:

A. Theoretical understanding
B. Practical application

C. Philosophical debate

D. Religious belief

Answer: B. Practical application

139. In determining the truth of a claim, which of the following theories would prioritize the use of
scientific experiments?

A. Relativism

B. Pragmatism

C. Consensus Theory

D. Constructivism

Answer: B. Pragmatism

140. The idea that marriage is a highly important social institution, reflecting the merging of families, is
most likely associated with which society?

A. Western societies

B. Philippine society

C. Ancient Greek society

D. Modern Chinese society

Answer: B. Philippine society

141. The theory that knowledge is shaped by social forces and influenced by culture and history suggests
that:

A. Truth is unchanging

B. Truth is subjective

C. Truth is objective

D. Truth is absolute
Answer: B. Truth is subjective

142. The decision of the IAU to reclassify Pluto illustrates the influence of:

A. Individual opinion

B. Scientific consensus

C. Political pressure

D. Religious belief

Answer: B. Scientific consensus

143. In determining the truth of a claim, which of the following approaches would involve considering
the practical consequences and usefulness of the idea?

A. Relativism

B. Pragmatism

C. Consensus Theory

D. Constructivism

Answer: B. Pragmatism

144: What is a fallacy in reasoning?

A. A valid argument

B. A strong belief

C. An error in logic

D. A personal opinion

Answer: C. A fallacy in reasoning is an error in logic that weakens an argument.

145: Which fallacy involves attacking the person making the argument instead of the argument itself?

A. Ad hominem
B. Appeal to force

C. Appeal to emotion

D. Appeal to the popular

Answer: A. Ad hominem is a fallacy that attacks the person making the argument, rather than addressing
the argument itself.

146: What is the difference between a fact and an opinion?

A. Facts are subjective, while opinions are objective.

B. Facts are verifiable, while opinions are not.

C. Facts are based on beliefs, while opinions are based on evidence.

D. Facts are always true, while opinions can be false.

Answer: B. Facts are verifiable statements that can be proven or disproven, while opinions are personal
beliefs or judgments.

147: Which bias involves judging a person's personality based on their actions, without considering
external factors?

A. Correspondence bias

B. Confirmation bias

C. Framing

D. Hindsight

Answer: A. Correspondence bias is the tendency to judge a person's personality based on their actions,
without considering external factors or influences.

148: What is the fallacy of begging the question?

A. Assuming the conclusion is true in order to prove it

B. Using emotional appeals to persuade

C. Attacking the person making the argument

D. Assuming a cause-and-effect relationship without evidence

Answer: A. Begging the question is a fallacy that assumes the conclusion is true in order to prove it.

149: Which fallacy involves assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its parts?

A. Fallacy of composition

B. Fallacy of division

C. Cause-and-effect fallacy

D. Appeal to tradition

Answer: B. Fallacy of division is the fallacy of assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its
parts.

150: What is confirmation bias?

A. The tendency to seek out information that confirms one's beliefs

B. The tendency to overestimate one's abilities

C. The tendency to judge others based on their appearance

D. The tendency to avoid making decisions

Answer: A. Confirmation bias is the tendency to seek out information that confirms one's beliefs and to
ignore or dismiss information that contradicts them.

151: Which bias involves analyzing an event or issue based on one's cultural standards?

A. Cultural bias

B. Correspondence bias

C. Framing

D. Hindsight

Answer: A. Cultural bias is the tendency to analyze an event or issue based on one's own cultural
standards and perspectives.
152: What is the fallacy of appeal to the popular?

A. Appealing to emotions to persuade

B. Assuming a conclusion based on popular opinion

C. Attacking the person making the argument

D. Assuming a cause-and-effect relationship

Answer: B. Appeal to the popular is the fallacy of assuming that something is true because it is widely
believed or accepted.

153: Which bias involves focusing on a certain aspect of a problem while ignoring other aspects?

A. Confirmation bias

B. Framing

C. Hindsight

D. Cultural bias

Answer: B. Framing is the bias of focusing on a certain aspect of a problem while ignoring other relevant
aspects.

LESSON 4

154: What is the primary goal of philosophy?

A. To understand the nature of God

B. To study the laws of physics

C. To explore the nature and condition of man

D. To investigate the meaning of life

Answer: C To explore the nature and condition of man

155: What is the term used to refer to the entire human race?

A. Humanity

B. Person

C. Mankind

D. All of the above

Answer: D All of the above

156: What perspective considers man as a product of evolution?

A. Biological perspective

B. Psychological perspective

C. Sociological perspective

D. Philosophical perspective

Answer: A

157: What is the most significant achievement that sets apart the evolution of humanity from other
species?

A. Technology

B. Language

C. Culture

D. Intelligence

Answer: C Culture

158: What part of the human mind governs awareness?

A. Conscious mind

B. Unconscious mind

C. Psyche
D. Rationality

Answer: A Conscious mind

159: What is the ability to examine one's own conscious thoughts, feelings, and mental state?

A. Introspection

B. Rationality

C. Intelligence

D. Psyche

Answer: A Introspection

160: Which of the following is not a distinct physical feature of modern humans?

A. Bipedalism

B. Larger, more developed brains

C. Smaller jaws and teeth

D. Fangs

Answer: D Fangs

161: What is the ability to perceive information, store knowledge, and apply it in various situations?

A. Intelligence

B. Rationality

C. Introspection

D. Psyche

Answer: A Intelligence

162: What is the state of being reasonable, the ability to understand experiences in order to solve
problems or tasks, and engage in decision making and judgment?
A. Intelligence

B. Rationality

C. Introspection

D. Psyche

Answer: B Rationality

163: Which perspective places emphasis on human behavior and thought processes in analyzing human
nature?

A. Biological perspective

B. Psychological perspective

C. Sociological perspective

D. Philosophical perspective

Answer: B Psychological perspective

164.What perspective emphasizes man's ability to engage in productive activities to meet his wants and
needs?

A. Theological perspective

B. Economic perspective

C. Philosophical perspective

D. Sociological perspective

Answer: B. Economic perspective

165.Which concept is central to the economic perspective, driving man's actions towards wealth
acquisition?

A. Self-interest

B. Altruism

C. Community
D. Spirituality

Answer: A. Self-interest

166.How does the theological perspective view man's relationship with God?

A. As a creation of God with an immortal spirit

B. As a competitor to God for power

C. As indifferent to God's existence

D. As a servant to God without free will

Answer: A. As a creation of God with an immortal spirit

167.What is considered the ultimate destiny of man according to the theological perspective?

A. Annihilation

B. Reincarnation

C. Divine plan

D. Eternal suffering

Answer: C. Divine plan

Philosophical Perspective

168.What is the primary focus of philosophical inquiry regarding the human person?

A. The physical attributes of the human body

B. The biological functions of the human brain

C. The nature of the human soul

D. The social interactions of human beings

Answer: C. The nature of the human soul

169.Which concept is central to the philosophical understanding of the human person?

A. Self-awareness

B. Physical strength

C. Material wealth

D. Social status

Answer: A. Self-awareness

170.What are the three main concepts related to the human person?

A. Self, identity, and personhood

B. Mind, body, and spirit

C. Nature, nurture, and free will

D. Reason, emotion, and intuition

Answer: A. Self, identity, and personhood

Self, Identity, and Personhood

171.Which view of the self suggests that it is an innate part of the human being?

A. The self as emergent

B. The self as integrated and developing

C. The self as innate

D. The self as a social construct

Answer: C. The self as innate

172.What is the definition of identity?

A. The physical characteristics of an individual

B. The social roles a person plays

C. The unique personality of an individual

D. The genetic makeup of a person

Answer: C. The unique personality of an individual

173Which view of the person emphasizes the potential of the human being and recognizes that each
person has the means to achieve their capabilities?

A. The person as an "autonomous being"

B. The person as a "unified individual"

C. The person in relation to others

D. The person as a social construct

Answer: B. The person as a "unified individual"

174. In ancient Greece, women were...

A. considered citizens and had full political rights.

B. not considered citizens and had limited roles in society.

C. treated as property and had no rights.

D. granted voting rights but were excluded from government positions.

Answer: B not considered citizens and had limited roles in society

175.The concept of personhood in legal circles extends to...

A. only human beings.

B. animals, plants, and inanimate objects.

C. organizations and corporations.

D. none of the above.

Answer: C organizations and corporations.

176: Advances in the study of certain species have led to the view that...

A. animals are inferior to humans.

B. animals should have the same rights as humans.

C. some animals may possess cognitive faculties similar to humans.

D. animals are merely machines.

Answer: C some animals may possess cognitive faculties similar to humans.

177: The concept of personhood is especially important in...

A. economics.

B. some animals may possess cognitive faculties similar to humans.

C. religion.

D. art and literature.

Answer: B some animals may possess cognitive faculties similar to humans.

178: The recognition of personhood is a requirement for a human being to be granted...

A. property.

B. education.

C. rights.

D. citizenship.

Answer: C rights

179: In the 18th century United States, African slaves were considered...

A. full persons with equal rights.

B. "three-fifths of a person."

C. property.
D. subhuman and equivalent to animals.

Answer: B "three-fifths of a person."

180: The concept of the human person is also significant in discussions related to...

A. only the humanities.

B. only the natural sciences.

C. "three-fifths of a person."

D. neither the humanities nor the natural sciences.

Answer: C "three-fifths of a person."

181: The term "personhood" is most closely associated with...

A. physical attributes.

B. "three-fifths of a person."

C. religious beliefs.

D. social class.

Answer: B "three-fifths of a person."

182: The concept of personhood is relevant to discussions about...

A. animal rights.

B. artificial intelligence.

C. political representation.

D. all of the above.

Answer: D all of the above.

183: Throughout history, there have been instances where...

A. all groups of people have been recognized as persons.

B. certain groups of people have not been recognized as persons.

C. only women have been denied personhood.

D. only enslaved people have been denied personhood.

Answer: B certain groups of people have not been recognized as persons.