SCIENCE CAREER COACHING camsray UNIT-2 www.sccsikar.com Gu be waried usith in certain limils Solution also be Gllled single phaie Which Coutains mbes than One Componente 7A binary dolution ig made two + Simi , ae 4.2 - ee toenaty and quarternary Aolutions Arspectively — The Component ushich is present in ee amount in Solulion ts Lalled Solvent and the other which Ls pecsent in Leer amburt is Called dolut- 1+ Gaseous dolution 2 uthen a. gas Lt mised with other gat then gaicous dolution Ls obtained « All gaseous mintiees axe Abmogencous dolutions - 2 Miguich Apbutiont— bthon gas, Liguid oe falid Ls aliscolvest in Liquid than Liquid dolution is phleined: 3 Solid Aolutions :> blhen gat, Liquid Oe dolid i mined site other Aolid Lrrepuloety then a dolid folution 4 Obtained - 7 On the basis Of physical state of dolute ¢ dolverd, dolution Gan be chkified into I different types * City Light Colony, Piprali Road, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131,9309068859 [1SCIENCE CAREER COACHING CHEMISTRY www.sccsikar.com CLASS 12th Mircture of 2 gases alr le 6 Uapeniet in ale cbLi fa daolid Lute get 2g: Gumphor, NHyc| Soda, water ammonizal water Mixture of miscible Liguias alt in wWedter sugar in Water . . Adsorption of over mele . 3- Solid Solution, | Soltet Pen 0-9 Adiorption of H, over Pd Soltd In Cu, Hy in 2n Alloy Gu-AusZn-te + Deliemination of Concentration of the dalution The ¢) ‘ dolute present in tortain amount of dolvent is tallecl (ir bodice of solidion: The concentuation of dolution Gam be expeesed /n various Common plays as digentted below : The moans the itd mat tiies De solution » _ Amount of dolute Ling) Mass percustage= Ft of toludion ting) = Amount of Sobute ling) Xx loo Armiuud of Solute Cin 9) Ambunt Oo Sowext(ing) — Generally ; Salute 2s pupresentid by 8 ancl habvent ds Aupreseniled eee City Light Colony, Piprali Road, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131,9309068859 [2wwwsccsikarcom SCIENCE CAREER COACHING ‘Chass 120 Example-> Sco ml Aolution is formed by Na oxalic acid + The don- - dity of this solution ls 14g me". Deteemine the mars percentage 4 onalte atid jn the solution. Avt.- Mass 04 oxalic acial = 11 mass of doletian = Sooml Kiigme* = 550g Mars percentege Cb onaléc acid = LEK lo =2nulw This method Ls wied in the detiomination Of Lene of Aolution having dolute £ holvent in Lguid dtate The percentage by Volume meant the mass of the Solute dist volved in lovem ox [tom of the Solution- Volume of solute Cin mud re eee ey Volume percentage = ire a woudelin me) = Volume of Solute Cin mu) K loo Volume of solute + Volume ofsolvent cm) cmv) via De otc} Va = Volume of salute £ Vm =Volume of solvent (mt) Example -> The aqueous solution of 25%(y/V) of thao! meant that 26m ethane! is pretent Im 15m| wotir and the total Volume the doltion Lt loome. B- Mass -Volume pertentage :-> Cy) Mass-Volume perce us defined at the mumber Of parts by mass of per himdted pasts by Volume of dolutitn City Light Colony, Piprali Road, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131,9309068859 [3CHEMISTRY SCIENCE CAREER COACHING PHEMISTRY Ambit of Solute lin 9) x1eo} Mass-Uolume percentage = Amount of solutionCin mt) Example» How many grams of alaci will be Aequieed to make Som) aqueous Aolection of 2% Wy Nadi? www.sccsikar.com dwt - = Amount of Selutelin g) Mass Volume to = Tee Of soludiontin mi) oo 2 = BE x too We = 104 (Mass of Solute —Nact) Rstipee milling PPm— ihe alte 2 pati ey amounts Dts Conc. Ip expusted in PPm + ” {Pon = Mass of Solute x6 J rats af soliton ee defined at the mumber of g-equivalents of the halute predent fr due Litre af the Aolution - equivalents of colute { Negmality ~ “Volume Bf caludion in Ler aad Aalution having normality equal to unity is called a normally « Aolution St Ls ined as the number mole, I tee ap fe ene rae * { . Moles of Salute Molarity (4) = “Volume Of coltions fn Lt oA dolutian having molarity equal to 1 unity is called molar oir normality aud molarity of a Aolution change with change bn tompersture - ve City Light Colony, Piprali Road, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131,9309068859wwwsccsikaccon SCIENCE CAREER COACHING CHEMISTRY CLASS 12th SH Ls dofinecl as the ruumber of mole of dolute peotont in |ooogm (1kg J of the Solvent « 5 Mole of Salute _ [ontalty cm) = ae of Seat | — A dolution ining One mole Of dolute per levogm: Of Solvent has molality equalto ty anc ts called a molal solution - The molality of a Aplution does not change with Lomperature » “hel K mo leuda mass of oliti = Normality x Gquivalead mass of Solute) For acid No = Molarity x Baxicl fox Base: Now) = Molarity xetdi —> Bast is the number Ht font furni. each molecule of Gesietty i he me fenishad by — Acidity is the number of OH fens furnithed by each molecule of dian : 7% man xd !0 3 molax mais Of Solute (de 4? + motarity = * N rmality = Ymasedxlo _._ _ . Cquivalendt mast Of Solute SH the Solution of Aame dubttance ds diluted adding Aolvert from Volume V; to Volume V, then Lnitiad mab Mt aud final molarity Mp are palatial 24 - MiXV, = ML KV lig farts mofo alton of mony site Vemi af another Solution of same. City Light Colony, Piprali Road, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131,9309068859 [5SCIENCE CAREER COACHING cumuisrey www.sccsikar.com dKubstance with mol m, then molari Of the Aectulting modture Aolution Gan be obtained by — 9 iF MN tM Me A, HH ls defined as the ratte of ruember of molet. Cormponeut to the total number of moles of all Let ut duppose that a Solution Contains the Component A and 8B and suppose that la ef A and Wa of B are present in it - then - wa moles 04 A (a) = mole mars of A = a moles 04 & (Na) wake aE Total no- of moles = 4+ . Ma = % Mole faction of A = mat A . - 716 =x mole fraction of B = apa 8 New, the kum of the moles fraction of dolute 4 Aolvesct in binary olution Ls unity. NarNa =A 4.76 = MaAt"G =4 Hat KO = AMA ag WANG A mole faction Ls indepeudet of the timpercture xX, = MX Molar mass of A BX Too + mx molar mass ef A (‘7 Molar mass A = MP4) m = [o0X%e aX CM Mg) i Road, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131,9309068859 [6 Light Colony, Pip:wwwscesikercom SCIENCE CAREER COACHING cuemistry CLASS 12th mx (Mma) (mma-"Mg) + [oro d [» _ load XQ ~ Laxleimay+ a x(moay 2 bho A ds Loluent and & Ls dolute- MR seine at the master of prem forind mat moles) of the fonte dolete prrent in ous Lite He Solution - % , 4 SH is Aspresent by F'. {es muumbir of moles flee at ~ Volume of solution in — formality Of a halution change With change in temperature + lily > The mantmum dmbuut Solid lin g) that Gn be dissolve fn looym: Lguld doivent at certain amp- erature Lb tallodl i se ap sore The dolution Ls called Arbution Ln this dtage- 1-Mature of dolid dolute and tout > Tonic Aolils are Aoluble in polar solvent - e-g -Nacl 1 Ke), KNOg ete. These ate sholution Tn water. Dts main Heaton is lider -lonie dipolar lntinactious. ‘ ioe doludils ty of Uariout fanie Lollele are difgerent NM We . 4 The Lonic Aoliols uthore Lattice Ls more than tydeation pare Ingaluble tn water while those Solids ushose Lallice Eds en than hydration envepy are soluble in water Nén-polar Solids (erg Lp ,S, etc-) ave doluble in men- polar Aolveuts Like ccly,cs, ete- xg = City Light Colony, Piprali Road, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131,9309068859 [7wwwsccsikarcon SCIENCE CAREER COACHING chemistRY aaa an equtlibeliom bfid insoluble Solid and tow in Maturated solition : Insoluble solid + solvent == Solution, AH=txk cal, ing to Le- chatelier’s petnetple » tt sH>0 thn teat is absorbed Aiubling Aoluti ot this Condition, the dolubi. —Hity of dolid Solute will increase On increase im Lemperature Lg: NHuCl > Kel, AgNOs, NaNos sz ef Dt Ah Hel >S0, > H,6 > COp > GHp 2 02> No N20, and Co, are more Koluble In ethyl alcoho! than Water - City Light Colony, Piprali Road, Sikar Contact No.: 8003024131,9309068859 [8