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Coordinate Conventions and Imaging Geometry

Image processing

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12 views9 pages

Coordinate Conventions and Imaging Geometry

Image processing

Uploaded by

jubileesharma17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Coordinate

Conventions and
Imaging Geometry
SUBMITTED BY:

JUBILEE SHARMA

213010007023

6th SEMESTER, CSE


Introduction to Digital Image Processing

Digital image processing is a field focused on the manipulation and analysis of digital images through
algorithms and techniques aimed at enhancing their quality, extracting meaningful information, and
enabling various transformations. This discipline encompasses a wide range of tasks, including image
enhancement to improve visual clarity, restoration to remove imperfections, segmentation to identify
distinct regions or objects, and feature extraction for further analysis. Additionally, image processing
involves compression for efficient storage and transmission, registration for aligning multiple images,
classification and recognition for automated labeling, geometric transformation for adjusting image
geometry, morphological processing for shape analysis, and color image processing for handling color
information. These techniques find applications across diverse domains, such as medicine, remote
sensing, surveillance, and robotics, enabling automated analysis, decision-making, and interpretation of
visual data.
Cartesian Coordinate System

2D Coordinates 3D Coordinates Transformations

The standard x-y Cartesian Adding a depth axis (z) allows Cartesian coordinates enable
plane, where points are describing the location of efficient mathematical
defined by their horizontal objects in 3D space. operations like rotation,
and vertical position. translation, and scaling of
visual data.
Homogeneous Coordinates
Representation 1
Homogeneous coordinates use an
additional dimension to represent
points, lines, and planes in a unified 2 Transformations
way. Homogeneous coordinates simplify
the mathematical representation of
transformations like rotation, scaling,
Projections 3
and projection.
Homogeneous coordinates enable
efficient implementation of
perspective projections from 3D to 2D.
Perspective Projection

3D to 2D Field of View Vanishing Points


Perspective projection maps The camera's angle of view Parallel lines in 3D space
3D points to a 2D image determines how much of the converge to vanishing points
plane, simulating human 3D scene is captured. in the 2D projection.
visual perception.
Camera Model and Parameters

Pinhole Camera Focal Length


An idealized model with a single point of The distance between the camera's optical
projection, defining the camera's intrinsic center and the image plane, determining the
properties. field of view.

Extrinsic Parameters Intrinsic Parameters


The camera's position and orientation in the The internal characteristics of the camera,
3D world coordinate system. such as the sensor size and lens distortion.
Image Formation and Sampling

Optics Sensor Resolution Sampling


The camera lens The sensor converts The number of pixels Discrete sampling of
focuses light onto the the light into digital in the captured image the continuous light
image sensor. pixel values. determines its quality field introduces
and detail. artifacts and
limitations.
Distortion and Lens Effects

1 Radial Distortion 2 Tangential Distortion


Caused by the curvature of the lens, Caused by misalignment between the lens
resulting in barrel or pincushion effects. and the image sensor.

3 Chromatic Aberration 4 Vignetting


Dispersion of light into different Darkening of the image at the corners due
wavelengths, causing color fringing. to the lens design.
Applications and Use Cases

Computer Vision Object detection, tracking, and recognition

Augmented Reality Overlaying digital content onto the physical


world

Robotics Perception, navigation, and control of


autonomous systems

Computational Photography Improving image quality and enabling new


photography techniques

Biometrics Facial recognition, iris scanning, and other


identification methods

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