PALMR (PROFESSIONAL ADJUSTMENT, LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT, AND RESEARCH

PART I
Situation: As a nurse in charge, you noted that a lot of confusion occurs in your unit due to some disorganization. You decided to
improve work performance.

1. A deliberate course of action that results in alteration of something different in a nursing unit is referred to as:

a. Change management
b. Nursing care Systems
c. Specialty certification
d. Nursing process

2. When resistance threatens needed change, what important measure would you use to overcome the resistance?

a. Send a memorandum of change

b. Use a problem-solving strategy
c. Gain early support from staff
d. Conduct staff re-education

3. This is a factor influencing acceptance of staff for change:

a. Externally imposed
b. Share its benefits
c. Staff participants
d. Planned ahead

4. These are important qualities of a change agent except:

a. Leadership skills
b. Sociability
c. Credibility
d. Management skills

5. A nurse manager who establishes connection in the outside institution is utilizing what power?

a. Legitimate
b. Referent
c. Coercive
d. permissive

6. The ability of a manager to give incentives to his members to be able to motivate them to perform is using what power?

a. Expert
b. Information
c. Self
d. reward

7. A person who has the ability to obtain, retain and motivate his workers because of the position he is holding inside the
organization is utilizing what power?

a. Connection
b. Referent
c. Legitimate
d. Coercive
8. Having to deal with a lot of people, the nurse manager’s most important communication skill is which of the following?

a. Questioning
b. Assertiveness
c. Affirmation
d. Listening

9. A project would need physical expansion of the hospital so that a mammography unit will be included. However, t he Hospital
Director suggested to include this in 2021 budget planning for reason that this type of budget is considered in:

a. Operational budget
b. Capital expenditure budget
c. Cash budget
d. Flexible budget

10. Nurse Laila is the project head for a feeding program; she requested extra funds in anticipation for fluctuations in resource
needs or meet contingency expenses. This type of budget is called:

a. Operational budget
b. Capital expenditure budget
c. Cash budget
d. Flexible budget

11. Which of the following is NOT included in the Operational budget?

a. Repairs and maintenance

b. Medical/surgical supplies
c. Purchase of a major equipment
d. Purchase of consumable materials

12. She decides to illustrate the organizational structure. Which of the following elements is NOT included?

a. Level of authority
b. Lines of communication
c. Span of control
d. Unity of direction

13. She plans of assigning competent people to fill the roles designed in the hierarchy. Which process refers to this?

a. Staffing
b. Scheduling
c. Recruitment
d. Induction

14. Which phase of the employment process includes getting on the payroll and completing documentary requirements?

a. Orientation
b. Induction
c. Selection
d. Recruitment

15. She decides to have a decentralized staffing system. Which of the following is an advantage of this system of staffing?

a. greater control of activities

b. Conserves time
c. Compatible with computerization
d. Promotes better interpersonal relationship
16. Leadership is best defined as a process of

a. Coercion
b. Interpersonal dynamics
c. Influence
d. Passive learning

17. Mr. Cabrido gives strong orders, makes decisions and thinks less of his subordinates. He is a leader who is:

a. Autocratic
b. Laissez-faire
c. Democratic
d. bureaucratic

18. When the situation calls for compliance of the followers to ensure the success of the activity, the best leadership style that
Nurse Beng will use is:

a. Laissez-faire
b. Autocratic
c. Democratic
d. authorative

19. A leader who defers decision making to his or her followers is called what type of leader?

a. Laissez-faire
b. Democratic
c. Authocratic
d. Employee-centered

20. What kind of communication style should a nurse manager should possess?

a. Passive
b. b. Assertive
c. c. Aggressive
d. d. Sarcastic

21. Management process involves five functions which follow the following sequence:

a. Planning, staffing, organizing, controlling, directing

b. Planning, organizing, directing, staffing, controlling
c. Organizing, planning, directing, staffing, controlling
d. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling

22. Which of the following statements about management is true?

a. It focuses on clinical excellence

b. It tends to attract people who like quiet, routine work without interruptions
c. It focuses on issues such as cost, productivity, effectiveness, and staffing
d. It is synonymous with leadership

23. The management function that involves determining the objectives of an organization and tasks needed to complete objectives
is

a. Staffing
b. b. Directing
c. c. Planning
d. d. Controlling
24. Chief Nurse Vera and Nurse Supervisor Victoria developed a five year staff development plan. Which type of planning are they
engaging in?

a. Strategic planning
b. Operational planning
c. Shot range planning
d. Visual planning

25. Which plans extends from a few months to a year?

a. Strategic planning
b. Operational planning
c. Short range planning
d. Visual planning

26. Planning, technically, can be considered as long term when the coverage ranges:

a. 1-3 years
b. b. 3-5 years
c. c. 5-7 years
d. d. 7-10 years

27. The purpose of organizational structure is to:

a. Have a written plan of organizational structure of her governing bodies

b. Explain to each member the line of authority
c. Inform all her staff members of the philosophy and goals of the institution
d. Provide mechanism through which tasks are distributed among members for goal realization

28. As the manager of the unit, you play an important role in the orientation of a new employee. Which of the following is NO T
true about orientation programs?

a. It minimizes likelihood of rule violations.

b. It fosters feelings of belonging and acceptance.
c. It provides the new employee an opportunity for promotion.
d. It promotes enthusiasm and morale.

29. The morning supervisor was visiting the ward when the doctor of a patient complained to her about the staff nurse who fai led
to give the “stat” medication. Applying the principle of “line of authority”, you expected the supervisor to first:

a. Reassure the patient that next time the nurse will not miss the medication
b. Report the incident to the chief nurse
c. Ask the staff nurse to explain the incident
d. Talk to you as the head nurse about the doctor’s complaint

30. A new nursing graduate is attending an agency orientation regarding the nursing model of practice implemented in the facility.
The nurse is told that the nursing model is team nursing approach. The nurse understands that planning of care delivery will be
based on which characteristic of this type of nursing model of practice?

a. A task approach method is used to provide care to clients

b. A single registered nurse (RN) is responsible for providing nursing care to a group of clients
c. Managed care concepts and tools are used in providing client care
d. Nursing personnel are led by an RN leader in providing care to a group of clients
31. Which of the following is a major managerial responsibility of the head nurse?

a. See to it that the ward is clean

b. Join the doctor’s during their rounds
c. Set standard of performance among staff nurses
d. Provide bed side nursing care to selected clients

32. In considering the line of authority, the Incident report must be submitted first with which of the following?

a. Head nurse
b. Supervisor
c. Co-staff nurse
d. Nursing director

33. You delegate to the nursing assistant the task of taking the client’s vital signs every 2 hours and recording the vital s igns in the
patient’s chart. Later you check the client’s chart and discover that the vital signs have not been recorded. What is your BEST
action?

a. Take the vital signs because it is not the nursing assistant’s scope of practice
b. Speak to the nursing assistant privately to determine why the vital signs were not recorded
c. Notify the head nurse
d. Call the nursing assistant to the nurses’ station to reprimand

34. Several nurses complain to the nurse manager that one of the nursing aides constantly takes extensive lunch breaks. The nurse
manager should:

a. Convene a group meeting of all nursing aides to review their responsibilities related to time management.
b. Talk with nursing aide to explore the reasons for the behavior and review expectations
c. Arrange a meeting with the nurse so they can confront the nursing aide as a group
d. Document the nursing aide’s behavior and place it in the aides personnel file

35. When conflicts arise in the unit, the best thing that the unit manager should do is:

a. Discuss with the situation with the group and make a move to resolve it.
b. Ignore the situation
c. Give warning to staff
d. Recommend shifting of the staff

36. Desirable goals for a nurse manager include all of the following EXCEPT:

a. Select a style of leadership that works best for the individual and to practice it exclusively
b. Use a style of leadership that promotes high – level work performance
c. Use a style of leadership that creates the least amount of disruption
d. Adopt a leadership style that best suits the task to be accomplished

37. Katherine tells one of the staff, “I don’t have time to discuss the matter with you now. See me in my office later” when the
latter asks if they can talk about an issue. Which of the following conflict resolution strategies did she use?

a. Smoothing
b. Compromise
c. Avoidance
d. Restriction
38. She notes that there is an increasing unrest of the staff due to fatigue brought about by shortage of staff. Which action is a
priority?

a. Evaluate the overall result of the unrest

b. Initiate a group interaction
c. Develop a plan and implement it
d. Identify external and internal forces.

39. Kathleen knows that one of her staff is experiencing burnout. Which of the following is the best thing for her to do?

a. Advise her staff to go on vacation.

b. Ignore her observations; it will be resolved even without intervention
c. Remind her to show loyalty to the institution.
d. Let the staff ventilate her feelings and ask how she can be of help.

40. St. Raphael Medical Center just opened its new Performance Improvement Department. Ms. Valencia is appointed as the
Quality Control Officer. She commits herself to her new role and plans her strategies to realize the goa ls and objectives of the
department. Which of the following is a primary task that they should perform to have an effective control system?

a. Make an interpretation about strengths and weaknesses

b. Identify the values of the department
c. Identify structure, process, outcome standards & criteria
d. Measure actual performances

41. Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be followed. Among the following standards, which is considered as a structure
standard?

a. The patients verbalized satisfaction of the nursing care received

b. Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient
c. All patients shall have their weights taken recorded
d. Patients shall answer the evaluation form before discharge

42. She knows that performance appraisal consists of all the following activities EXCEPT:

a. Setting specific standards and activities for individual performance.

b. Using agency standards as a guide.
c. Determine areas of strength and weaknesses
d. Focusing activity on the correction of identified behavior.

43. Which of the following statements is NOT true about performance appraisal?

a. Informing the staff about the specific impressions of their work help improve their performance.
b. A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute for a written report
c. Patients are the best source of information regarding personnel appraisal.
d. The outcome of performance appraisal rests primarily with the staff.

44. She conducts a 6-month performance review session with a staff member. Which of the following actions is appropriate?

a. She asks another nurse to attest the session as a witness.

b. She informs the staff that she may ask another nurse to read the appraisal before the session is over.
c. She tells the staff that the session is manager-centered.
d. The session is private between the two members.

45. When she presents the nursing procedures to be followed, she refers to what type of standards?

a. Process
b. Outcome
c. Structure
d. Criteria

46. Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards. Which of the following is NOT a process standard?

a. Initial assessment shall be done to all patients within twenty four hours upon admission.
b. Informed consent shall be secured prior to any invasive procedure
c. Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital.
d. Patient education about their illness and treatment shall be provided for all patients and their families.

47. Which of the following is evidence that the controlling process is effective?

a. The things that were planned are done

b. Physicians do not complain.
c. Employees are contended
d. There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.

48. A critical component of the supervisory process is delegation. Which of the following is the most empowering to the staff?

a. Delegation starts at top management

b. Delegation frees the manager to do other task
c. Effective delegation requires the nurse manager to determine the abilities of the staff
d. Delegation enables the staff to improve competence and confidence

49. Nurse Mary is the head nurse and tells Nurse Fatima her staff nurse what to do. What kind of communication is this?

a. Upward communication
b. Downward communication
c. Lateral communication
d. Diagonal communication

50. Nurse Jane is coordinating with the OR department for a scheduled surgery of one of her patients. This kind of communicat ion
is?

a. Upward Communication
b. Grapevine
c. Diagonal communication
d. Lateral communication

51. In planning activity he should consider the following as the initial step.

a. Prepare the budget

b. Make a schedule of the activity
c. Formulate objectives and develop strategies of the program
d. Determine job description of members

52. When responsibilities have to be delegated to the member, the manager must:

a. Ensure that the member is capable of doing the task

b. Supervise the new members all the time
c. Perform the task based on the acceptable standard
d. Let the member write an accident report in case of mistakes

53. He was asked how the staff will be evaluated. He probably will show them the following EXCEPT:

a. Performances Evaluation sheet

b. Performance Checklist
c. Ranking Device
d. Nursing Audit
54. Performance appraisal consists of the following activities, EXCEPT:

a. Setting specific standards for individual performances

b. Determining areas of strength and weakness
c. Focusing the criticisms made for the staff
d. Basis of determining progression or deterioration

55. The registered nurse is planning to delegate tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which of the following task c ould
the registered nurse safely assigned to a UAP?

a. Monitor the I&O of a comatose toddler client with salicylate poisoning

b. Perform a complete bed bath on a 2-year-old with multiple injuries from a serious fall
c. Check the IV of a preschooler with Kawasaki disease
d. Give an oatmeal bath to an infant with eczema

56. A nurse in charge in the pediatric unit is absent. The nurse manager decided to assign the nurse in the obstetrics unit t o the
pediatrics unit. Which of the following patients could the nurse manager safely assign to the float nurse?

a. A child who had multiple injuries from a serious vehicle accident

b. A child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and with cardiac complications
c. A child who has had a nephrectomy for Wilm’s tumor
d. A child receiving an IV chelating therapy for lead poisoning

57. The most traditional method of nursing care delivery is:

a. Case method
b. Functional method
c. Team nursing
d. Primary nursing

58. A mother requested for a nurse to take care of her daughter who has systemic lupus erythematosus at home. What patient
assignment supports this?

a. Primary
b. Functional
c. Case method
d. Team nursing

59. You noticed that one of the senior nurses is assigning a patient care based on the concept of allocation of specific duties to her
staff nurses. This would be a characteristic of:
a. Case method nursing
b. Primary Nursing
c. Functional nursing
d. Team nursing

60. The nurse in the medication unit passes the medications for all the clients on the nursing unit. The head nurse is making rou nds
with the physician and coordinates clients’ activities with other departments. The nurse assistant changes the bed lines and answers
call lights. A second nurse is assigned for changing wound dressings; a licensed practitioner nurse takes vital signs and bat hes the
clients. This illustrates of what method of nursing care?

a. Case management method

b. Primary nursing method
c. Team method
d. Functional method
Situation: The practice of primary nurse in primary nursing is preferred by many nurses because it supports professional autonomy
and accountability of the nurses

61. What is the function of the primary nurse in primary nursing?

a. acts as patient advocate and coordinate the health care team for specific group of patients
b. act as the charge nurse, organizing staff assignments and help in solving problem in the unit
c. plans and coordinate the patient care assigned to her from admission to discharge
d. coordinates the care given to a group of patients by support staff

62. Primary nursing is MOST advantageous and satisfying to the patient and nurse because of which of the following principles ?

a. autonomy and authority for planning care are best delegated to a nurse
b. accountability is clearest since our nurse is responsible for the overall plan and implementation of care
c. the holistic approach provides for a therapeutic relationship continuity of care and efficient nursing care
d. continuity of patients care promotes efficient nursing care.

63. Which is the role of the associate nurse in primary nursing?

a. over-all manager of the unit

b. responsible for the over-all care of the patient during off days of primary nurse
c. patient advocate in the health care team
d. coordinator of comprehensive, holistic patient care

64. In primary nursing, the nurse is responsible for which of the following group of patient?

a. the whole ward

b. small group of patient like 3-5 patients
c. big group of patients like 10-15 patients
d. the whole unit

65. In primary nursing who among the following is needed to her leadership and quality control in the ward?

a. the chief nurse

b. the head nurse
c. The nurse supervisor
d. The service director

Situation: MJ is chosen to be a part of the research team of the hospital and as a researcher she made a review of the following
important nursing concepts was made.

66. As a professional nurse, MJ knows that a nurse can do research for varied reason except:

a. To improve nursing care

b. For financial gains
c. Professional advancement through research participants
d. To validate results of new nursing modalities

67. MJ was asked to identify a problem. After the identification of the research problem, which of the following should be do ne?

a. Methodology
b. Formulate hypothesis
c. Review of related literature
d. Acknowledgement
68. Which of the following methods allows the use of any group of research subject?

a. Snowball
b. Convenience
c. Quota
d. Purposive

69. He checks if his instruments meet the criteria for evaluation. Which of the following criteria refers to the consistency or the
ability to yield the same response upon its repeated administration?

a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Sensitivity
d. Objectivity

70. Which criteria refer to the ability of the instrument to detect fine differences among the subjec ts being studied?

a. Sensitivity
b. Reliability
c. Validity
d. Objectivity

71. Which of the following terms refer to the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to be measured?

a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Meaningfulness
d. Sensitivity

72. If a person participating in a research study refuses to continue participating, what should a nurse do?

a. Respect his right to refuse

b. Respect his right but tell him you will withhold treatment
c. Respect his right but do not give his honorarium
d. Refer the matter to the author of the study

73. The device or techniques an investigator employs to collect data is called?

a. Instrument
b. Hypothesis
c. Sample
d. Concept

74. The use of another person’s ideas or wordings giving appropriate credit results from inaccurate attribution of materials to its
sources. Which of the following is referred to when another person’s idea is inappropriate credited as one’s own?

a. Paraphrase
b. Quotation
c. Assumption
d. Plagiarism

75. When a researcher in a qualitative study chooses the participants based on what they may be able to contribute to the stu dy, the
sampling method selected is called as:

a. Cluster sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Snowball sampling
d. Purposive sampling

76. The information that an investigator collects from the subjects or participants in a research study is usually called:

a. Concept
b. Variable
c. Hypothesis
d. Data

77. Which of the following quantitative research designs is most appropriate if Noel, a nurse investigator assigned in a City Health
Office, is interested to determine the relationship between social class and nutritional status of children under 6 years o f age living
in Metro Manila?

a. Case control
b. Descriptive correlational
c. Experimental
d. Quasi-expiremental

78. The independent variable in said study is:

a. Social class
b. Children
c. Age
d. Nutritional status

79. While the dependent variable is:

a. Social class C. Age

b. Children
c. Age
d. Nutritional statu

80. Which is the best tool for data gathering for this study?

a. Interview schedule
b. Questionnaire
c. Observation
d. Use of physiologic measurement

81. The sampling method that is most appropriate to give each element of the population the probability to be included in the study,
“Relationship between social class and nutritional status of children under 6 years of age living in Metro Mani la”, is:

a. Simple random sampling

b. Systematic sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. Cluster sampling

82. Since Metro Manila is a big area for the study, Noel can do successive random sampling to choose the district from where he
can eventually select the study sample. This type of sampling is:

a. Simple random sampling

b. Systematic sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. Cluster sampling
83. The nutritional status of children in the study, “Relationship between social class and nutritional status of children under 6
years of age living in Metro Manila”, is determined by ‘weight by age’. Weight is an example of what level of measurement?

a. Nominal
b. B. Ordinal
c. C. Interval
d. D. Ratio

84. The sex of the children included in the study, “Relationship between social class and nutritional status of children under 6 years
of age living in Metro Manila”, will be classified as male and female. This measurement is:

a. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio

85. The social class variable includes “education” with the possible choices given as: 1. Elementary level 3. High school lev el 2.
Elementary graduate 4. High school graduate The above set of choices is an example of what level of measurement?

a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio

86. Client’s rights should be protected when doing research using human subjects. These rights below are correct EXCEPT

a. right of self-determination
b. right not to be harmed
c. right to compensation
d. right of privacy

87. As experimental research designs have their strengths, so does non-experimental researches. Which of the following statements
is NOT one of the strengths of non-experimental designs?

a. less expensive
b. easier to gain cooperation of study subjects
c. can be completed in a short span of time
d. useful for predictive purposes

88. Which of the following studies is based on quantitative research?

a. A study examining the bereavement process in spouse or clients with terminal cancer
b. A study exploring the factors influencing weight control behavior
c. A study measuring the effects of sleep deprivation on wound healing
d. A study examining client’s feelings before, during and after bone marrow a spiration

89. Which of the following studies is based on qualitative research?

a. A study examining clients reaction to stress after open heart surgery

b. A study measuring nutrition and weight loss/gain in clients with cancer
c. A study examining oxygen levels after endotracheal suctioning
d. A study measuring differences in blood pressure before, during and after the procedure
90. Which of the following research designs would be appropriate for this study if MJ wants to find out a cause and effect
relationship between the structured discharge plan and the compliance to home care regimen among the subjects?

a. True experiment
b. Descriptive
c. Quasi-experiment
d. corelational

91. From the hypothesis, “Compliance to home care regimen is greater among patients who received the structured discharge pla n
instructions than those who received verbal discharge instructions.” Which is the independent variable in the study?

a. Verbal instructions
b. Discharge plan instructions
c. Compliance to home care regimen
d. Patients

92. Which is the dependent variable in the study?

a. Verbal instructions
b. Discharge plan instructions
c. Compliance to home care regimen
d. Patients

Situation: Mastery of research design determination is essential in passing the NLE.

93. Community A was selected randomly as well as Community B. Nurse Beth conducted teaching to Community A and assess if
Community A will have a better status than Community B. The design best suited for this study is:

a. Comparative
b. Correlational
c. Experimental
d. Descriptive

94. Ricky researched on pneumonia. Its transmission, causative agent and factors, treatment, signs and symptoms as well as
medication and all other in depth information about pneumonia. This study is best suited for which research design?

a. Survey
b. Historical
c. Analytical
d. Case Study

95. Marlon is always eating high fat diet. You want to determine what will be the effect of high cholesterol food to Marlon i n the
next ten years. You will use:

a. Comparative
b. Longitudinal
c. Correlational
d. Historical

96. Joseph is to perform a study about how nurses perform surgical asepsis during WWII. A design best for this study is:

a. Historical
b. Case Study
c. Descriptive
d. experimental
97. Melinda conducts sampling at barangay 156. She collected 100 random individuals and determine who is their favorite
comedian actress. 50% said Eugene Domingo, 20% said Ai Ai, while some answered Ruffa Mae Quinto, Candy Pangilinan,
Tuesday Vargas. Melinda conducted what type of research study?

a. Case Study
b. Quasi-Experimental
c. Analytical
d. Survey

98. Sheena researched on the development of a new way to measure intelligence by creating a 100 item questionnaire that will
assess the cognitive skills of an individual. The design best suited for this study is;

a. Historical
b. Survey
c. Methodological
d. Case Study

Situation: MJ is chosen to be a part of the research team of the hospital and as a researcher she made a review of the following
important nursing concepts was made.

99. As a professional nurse, MJ knows that a nurse can do research for varied reason except:

a. To improve nursing care

b. For financial gains
c. Professional advancement through research participants
d. To validate results of new nursing modalities

100. Which of the following communicate the results of the research to the readers? They facilitate the description of the data.

a. Tables and graphs

b. Statistics
c. Hypothesis
d. Research problem

101. In the value: 85, 76, 93, 88, 90; what is the mean?

a. 85.5
b. 86.4
c. 87
d. 93

102. In the value: 86, 85, 91, 91, 85, 83, 87, 85; what is the mode?

a. 88
b. 85
c. 91
d. 87

103. Draw lots, lottery, table of random numbers or a sampling that ensures that each element of the population has an equal and
independent chance of being chosen is called:

a. Simple
b. Stratified
c. Cluster
d. systematic
104. MJ wants to determine some of the problems that are experienced by diabetic patients when using an insulin pump. She wen t
into a clinic where he personally knows several diabetic clients having problem with insulin pump. The type of sampling done by
MJ is called:

a. Quota
b. Snowball
c. Purposive
d. incidental

105. If she implemented a new structured counseling program with a randomized group of subjects and a routine counseling
program with another randomized group of subjects, the research is utilizing which design?

a. Experimental
b. Comparative
c. Quasi-experimental
d. Methodological

106. In the hypothesis: “Taller people and people with higher caloric intake weigh more than shorter people and those with lower
caloric intake.” Which is the dependent variable of the study?

a. Height and weight

b. Height and caloric intake
c. Weight and caloric intake
d. Weight

107. Which is the independent variable of the study?

a. Height and weight

b. Height and caloric intake
c. Weight and caloric intake
d. Weight

108. In the hypothesis: “Patients receiving warmed solution for body cavity irrigation during surgical proced ures will maintain a
higher core body temperature than patients receiving a room temperature solution.” Which is the independent variable in the
study?

a. Surgical procedures
b. Solution for body cavity irrigation
c. Core body temperature
d. Temperature of the room

109. Which is the dependent variable in the study?

a. Surgical procedures
b. Solution for body cavity irrigation
c. Core body temperature
d. Temperature of the room

110. “Women who have participated in Lamaze classes request pain medication during labor less often than women who have not
taken these classes.” Which of the following is the independent variable?

a. Request of pain medication

b. Women in labor
c. Attendance in Lamaze classes
d. Labor
111. Which of the following is the dependent variable?

a. Request of pain medication

b. Women in labor
c. Attendance in Lamaze classes
d. Labor

Situation: After 5 years of working as a staff in the medical ward, you were asked by the chief nurse to be part of the team that will
undertake a hospital wide research on costing of nursing service. You recall that one of the first lessons in your research class is the
method by which knowledge is based on

112. Having worked in the emergency ward for 6 months, you are convinced that crisis intervention is one of those services fo r
which a nurse can charge professional fee. This knowledge is based on:

a. Scientific Method
b. Experience
c. Consulting expert
d. Trial and error

113. While working in the ICU, the head nurse and supervisor conducted a small scale study “The effects of Music Therapy on
Pain Relief among Selected Patients in ICU.” The knowledge obtained from his activity is throug h:

a. Scientific method
b. Trial and error
c. Experience
d. Tradition

114. The research team learned that some of the nursing services of few hospitals are already approved for costing and are ab out to
be submitted to Department of Health for approval. The team invited the proponents of the study “Determination of Cost of
Nursing Services in Hospital A”, for information. The knowledge obtained from this activity is through:

a. Experience
b. Consulting expert
c. Trial and error
d. Tradition

115. One of the problems encountered by the other members of the research team concerns bed sore. In one unit, it was learned that
they tried using the bark of banana to line the skin where possible pressure sore is suspected. Eventually, they tr ied water pads to
lessen pressure on the affected part. The knowledge obtained in this situation is through

a. Trial and error

b. Scientific method
c. Tradition
d. Experience

116. One member of the research team used to be assigned in the Reproductive Health Clinic of the OPD. The nurses in that cli nic
were trained on infection control and for a long time have not been using disinfectant solution for the sterile pick up force ps.
Instead, they just keep it in a dry sterile container after use and have a new sterile pick up forceps and sterile dry contai ner every
day. The knowledge of keeping the pickup sterile in this manner has been through.
a. Trial and error
b. Scientific method
c. Consulting Expert
d. Tradition

Situation: Melissa plans to conduct a study about nursing practice in the country. She decides to refresh her knowledge about the
different types of research in order to choose the most appropriate design for her study.

117. She came across surveys, like the Social Weather Station and Pulse Asia Survey. Which of the following is the purpose of this
kind of research?

a. Obtains information regarding the prevalence, distribution, and interrelationships of variables within a population at a
particular time
b. Get an accurate and complete data about a phenomenon
c. Develop a tool for data gathering
d. Formulate a framework for the study

118. Melissa reads about exploratory research. Which of the following is the purpose of doing this type of research?

a. Inductively develops a theory based on observations about processes involving selected people
b. Makes new knowledge useful and practical
c. Identifies the variables in the study
d. Finds out the cause and effect relationship between variables

119. She reviews qualitative design of research. Which of the following is true about ethnographic study?

a. Develops theories that increase the knowledge about a certain phenomenon

b. Focuses on the meanings of life experiences of people
c. Deals with patterns and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic fashion
d. In-depth investigation of a single entity

120. She knows that the purpose of doing ethnographic study is to:

a. Understand the worldview of a cultural group

b. Study the life experiences of people
c. Determine the relationship between variables
d. Investigate intensively a single entity

121. Alyssa wants to learn more about experimental design. Which is the purpose of this research?

a. Test the cause and effect relationship among the variables under a controlled situation
b. Identify the variables in the study
c. Predicts the future based on current intervention
d. Describe the characteristics, opinions, attitudes or behaviors of certain population about a current issue or event

122. One of the related studies that she reads is a phenomenological research. Which of the following questions is answered by this
type of qualitative research?

a. “What is the way of life of this cultural group?”

b. “What is the effect of the intervention to the dependent variable?”
c. “What is the essence of the phenomenon as experienced by these people?”
d. “What is the core category that is central in explaining what is going on in that social scene?”
123. Ms. Ajina wants to know the coping abilities of female patients who are newly diagnosed to have terminal cancer. She has
decided to focus on the meaning of their experiences of coping. Which of the following types of research design is most
appropriate?

a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology
c. Grounded theory study
d. Case study

124. Other studies are categorized according to the time frame. Which of the following refers to a study of variables in the present
which is linked to a variable that occurred in the past?

a. Prospective design
b. Cross sectional study
c. Retrospective design
d. Longitudinal study

125. An investigator wanted to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean systolic blood pressure of 10 women
before and after oral contraceptive use for 3 months. The appropriate statistical test for significance of this study is:

a. Analysis of variance
b. Student t-test
c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired-test

126. Considering the said study, what is the independent variable of the study?

a. Systolic
b. Oral contraceptive
c. Mean systolic blood pressure
d. women

127. If the investigator studied the relationship between the timing of hemodialysis and the levels of daytime sleepiness, wh at
appropriate statistical treatment would be significant for this study?

a. Analysis of variance
b. Student t-test
c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired t-test

128. Considering the hypothesis for the study is; “The timing of hemodialysis is not related to the levels of daytime sleepiness of
patients in the renal unit.” What is the independent variable in the study?

a. Patients in the renal unit

b. Renal disorder
c. Levels of daytime sleepniss
d. Timing of hemodialysis

129. What is the dependent variable in the study?

a. Patients in the renal unit

b. Renal disorder
c. Levels of daytime sleepiness
d. Timing of hemodialysis
130. The investigator would like to compare the levels of postpartum depression in three groups of women: m iddle-class white
mothers of term infants, middle-class white mothers of preterm infants, and low-income African-American mothers of term infants.
The appropriate statistical test for significance of this study is:

a. Analysis of variance
b. Student t-test
c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired t-test

131. In considering the above study, what is the dependent variable/s of the study?

a. Race, term of infants and levels of postpartum depression

b. Postpartum depression
c. Race, term or infants and economic status
d. Postpartum depression, term of infants and economic status

132. What is the independent variable/s of the study?

a. Race, term of infants and levels of postpartum depression

b. Postpartum depression
c. Race, term of infants and economic status
d. Postpartum depression, term of infants and economic status

133. If an independent variable is weight gain during pregnancy and the dependent variable is infant birth weight, the approp riate
test statistic is a(n):

a. . t-test
B. ANOVA
C. Chi-square
D. Pearson r

134. The independent variable is race (Caucasian/African-American) while the dependent variable is pulse rate. What is an
appropriate statistical test?

a. . t-test
B. ANOVA
C. Chi-square
D. Pearson r

135. To compare the mean BP of teachers before and after semester, which statistical tests will be used?

a. t-test
b. ANOVA
c. Standard deviation of blood pressure
d. Pearson product moment correlation

136. A good researcher needs to examine the ethical implications of her research. The code of research ethics which requires
informed consent in all cases involving human subjects is the:

a. Belmont Report
b. Helsinki Code
c. Nuremberg Code
d. Code of Ethics
137. The Belmont report summarizes the basic ethical principles which include the following EXCEPT:

a. Beneficence
b. Respect for Human Dignity
c. Justice
d. confidentiality

138. One knows that only competent people should conduct research and that in the process, subjects are assured of protection
from harm. This primary ethical principle is:

a. Beneficence
b. Respect for Human Dignity
c. Justice
d. Informed consent

139. Once a researcher has fully described to prospective study participants the nature of study, their rights to refuse participation
and likely risks and benefits that would be incurred, he has done:

a. Full disclosure
b. Informed consent
c. Fair treatment
d. debriefing

140. The last act of informed consent is said to have been fulfilled when:

a. Adequate information about research has been given

b. The subject has understood the information
c. The subject has voluntarily consented (or declined) to participate in the study
d. The subject has voluntarily signed the consent form

141. Fair and non-discriminatory selection of subjects for research is an important aspect of what ethical principle? *

a. Respect for human dignity

b. Beneficence/Non maleficence
c. Justice
d. Confidentiality

142. What right do research participants have if they are exercising their autonomous rights?

a. Right to justice
b. Right to beneficence
c. Right to self determination
d. Right to privacy

Situation: Mark is a nurse doing research works in a tertiary hospital. She is assigned for data collection about the incidence of
infection among admitted patients.

143. Mark found out that one of the midwives in their health center injected Penicillin to a 6 year old child without the consent of
the parents. The midwife will be accused of?

a. Negligence
b. Battery
c. Assault
d. malpractice
144. Mark is taking care of a client with sexually transmitted disease. If he divulges information about his client, he may b e liable
for:

a. Libel
b. Tort
c. Slander
d. Breach of confidentiality

145. Bea’s job includes collecting secretions from the surgical site of the patients. One of her patient refused, however she insisted
and proceed to do the collection. She would then be liable for:

a. Slander
b. Invasion of privacy
c. Battery
d. assault

146. Two of the security guards are assigned in screening patients entering the hospital. Bea overheard them discussing the case of
an HIV suspect. Which is an appropriate action to be done by the nurse?

a. Ask the two if there is something they need to be clarified about

b. Ignore the two guards as this is not against the hospital rules
c. Advise them that it is not right to discuss the case of any patient
d. Inform the supervisor about what she heard

147. One of the patients confided that his companion is not the legal wife. Bea will be held liable if she divulge the inform ation to
others, otherwise known as:

a. Assault
b. Libel
c. Breach of confidentiality
d. Slander

148. Two utility personnel were having heated argument as to who shall dispose the infectious wastes of a patient with typhoid
fever. The first one calling the second one with names “like lazybones, incompetent and pain in the neck,” within the hearing
distance of the rest of the nurses. If the latter decides to file a case against him, what kind of case would he likely file?

a. Negligence
b. Incompetence
c. Libel
d. Slander

149. Should the above case be written in a newsletter of the hospital, such liability known as?

a. Slander
b. Malpractice
c. Libel
d. assault

150. Mr. Hiroshima is a Japanese national, suspected of SARS and advised to be confined in a negative pressure room with stri ct
protective gadgets of the health workers taking care of him. He vehemently resented being confined in that room. Moreover, he
was denied of accepting visitors. He threatened to sue the hospital. Which case should he file?
a. Illegal detention
b. Battery
c. Incompetence
d. Defamation
PART II

151. Which of the following research designs require a hypothesis?

a. Historical
b. Survey
c. Ex-Post facto
d. none of these

152. Which of the following statements is true about the research process:

a. A research instrument which is reliable is also valid

b. If the external criticism of documents revealed an old document, one proceeds with internal criticism of data
c. An experimental study which is internally valid is automatically externally valid
d. none of these

153. The independent variable in the research question, “What is the effect of noise levels on postoperative pain or blood pressur e
fluctuations in ICU patients?” is:

a. blood pressure
b. ICU patients
c. noise levels
d. postoperative pain

154. The independent variable in the hypothesis, “Baccalaureate degree-prepared nurses will practice more rehabilitative nursing
measures on a client in an ICU than will associate degree-prepared nurses” is:

a. associate degree-prepared nurses

b. baccalaureate degree-prepared nurses
c. rehabilitative nursing measures
d. type of educational background of nurses

155. Simple hypotheses are also known as:

a. complex hypotheses
b. multivariate hypotheses
c. univariate hypotheses
d. none of the above

156. This type of hypothesis states an expected relationship between an independent and dependent variable:

a. complex hypothesis
b. multivariate hypotheses
c. univariate hypothesis
d. none of the above

157. Statistical hypothesis are also known as:

a. research hypothesis
b. null hypothesis
c. alternative hypothesis
d. none of the above

158. A hypothesis is well stated if it meets all of the following criteria except:

a. stated in declarative form

b. identifies the variables
c. identifies the population
d. it is not empirically testable

159. All of the following are properties of a true experiment research design, which one is not

a. control
b. manipulation
c. validity
d. non-randomization

160. The following are threats to the internal validity of research except:

a. selection bias
b. history
c. maturation
d. halo effect

161. The following are threats to external validity of research except: *

a. Hawthorne effect
b. experimenter effect
c. halo effect
d. mortality

162. This refers to the randomization and experimental treatment of the subjects that were completed, followed by a post test o n the
performance of the subjects on certain variables:

a. double-blind method
b. post-test only design
c. pre test and post test design
d. Solomon four group design

163. The researcher assigns subjects to a control or experimental group on random basis which means that every subject has an
equal chance of being assigned to any group:

a. validity
b. manipulation
c. control
d. randomization

SITUATION: Nurse Lydia was tasked by the administration of the hospital where she is working to make a research on the rapid
turnover of nurses due to the increasing demand abroad.

164. Which of the following will be the priority action of Nurse Lydia?

a. Formulate and delimit the research problem

b. Formulate research hypothesis
c. Develop a conceptual framework of the study
d. Conduct literature search on the topic.

165. A basic characteristic of a research problem is that is researchable, which means that:

a. It can be investigated through the collection and analysis of data

b. It can make great topics for debate
c. It deals with philosophical or ethical issues
d. It has no practical significance
166. After the research problem and purpose increase in clarity and conciseness, the researcher has greater direction in determining
the feasibility of the study which includes:

a. 1, 2, 3
b. 1, 2, 4
c. 1, 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 3, 4

167. After the problem has been carefully delineated and clearly stated, Nurse Margarita is now ready to conduct a literature
review. The review of related literature involves which of the following:

a. Systematic identification of literature sources

b. Locating documents
c. Analysis of documents
d. All of the above

168. The major purpose of reviewing the literature is to:

a. Familiarize oneself with different types of research studies.

b. Find a similar study and replicate
c. Familiarize oneself with research formats used by different authors
d. To determine what has already been done that relates to your problem

169. She considers accessing electronic databases for her literature search. Which of the following is the most appropriate
databases for nurses?

a. ERIC
b. Psych INFO
c. MEDLINE
d. CINAHL

170. When reading a journal article she first started reading the brief summary of the article placed at the beginning of the j ournal
report. This is referred to as:

a. Introduction
b. Background
c. Abstract
d. none of the above

171. Which of the following research design is most appropriate for this study?

a. Descriptive
b. Historical
c. Case study
d. Phenomenological

172. Nurse Lydia plans to collect data from nurses by using a questionnaire. Prior to administering the questionnaire, she should
fist determine the degree to which the test consistently measures what it measures. This is called:

a. Validity
b. Normality
c. Reliability
d. Sensitivity
173. She should also conduct a small-scale trial run of her research study which is referred to us:

a. Rehearsal
b. Sampling
c. Hawthorne studies
d. Pilot study

174. Nurse Maya is designing a research project that will involve clients, from the options presented, the most important point to
be included in the written consent to participate is:

a. the directions regarding the use of black pen

b. the anticipated date of publication of the completed research report
c. the assurance of privacy and confidentiality
d. the number of previously published research studies about the topic

175. The scientific method for conducting research uses the null hypothesis, which is statistically based. The correct format f or the
null hypothesis is:

a. There is no significant difference between two groups

b. Group A is greater than group B
c. Group A is less than group B
d. There is a 95% probability that group A is different from group B

176. Cultural background in your study is what level of measurement?

a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. interval
d. ratio

177. The difference between univariate and multivariate studies is:

a. the number of subjects in the sample

b. the number of variables being studied
c. the number of sites for collecting data
d. the number of statistical hypothesis

178. The theoretical basis for nursing practice is:

a. a relatively new approach to nursing care

b. borrowed from other professions such as medicine
c. as old as formal nursing and began with Florence Nightingale
d. unrelated to the conduct of nursing research studies

179. In an Ex-post facto study, as compared with an experimental study, the researcher forfeits control of:

a. the independent variable

b. the dependent variable
c. the criterion variable
d. the attribute variable

180. A pretest of attitudinal measure was administered to both the control and experimental groups before the intervention of a
workshop to improve the nurses’ attitude towards AIDS patient on the experimental group.

a. Posttest only design

b. Pretest-posttest design
c. Quasi-experiment
d. Solomon Four-Group design
181. The pretest is all of the following except:

a. Baseline measure
b. Initial measure of the independent variable
c. Outcome measure
d. None of the above

182. The research which involved exposure of same group of subjects to different levels of the treatment: *

a. Solomon Four group

b. Factorial
c. Repeated Measures
d. Randomized Clinical Trials

183. In an experiment to investigate the effect of a new post-op routine, the nurses and patients who are aware that a study is
underway. This might alter their actions accordingly.

a. Rosenthal effect
b. Hawthorne effect
c. Double blind
d. Single blind

Variables in research are the focus of the study.

184. The characteristics of variables are as follows except:

a. It is a quality of person, group or situation that varies

b. It is always quantifiable
c. It has a wide range of values
d. It may be present or absent in some individuals

185. What is the effect of pain on facial and cry behavior, heart rate and palmar sweating in infants 0 -12 months. Heart rate is:

a. The only independent variable

b. The only dependent variable
c. One of the independent variables
d. One of the dependent variables

186. The relationship an independent and dependent variable is:

a. They cause effect on one another

b. The independent causes effect on the dependent variable
c. They co-exist
d. No relationship at all

Ethical consideration should be foremost in the minds of researches.

187. The safeguard mechanism by which even the researcher cannot link the participant with the information provided is called:

a. confidentiality
b. anonymity
c. informed consent
d. right to privacy

188) Confidentiality of study participants can be increased by:

a. avoiding the collection of any identifying information

b. avoiding introducing the participants to any of the research personnel
c. placing all identifying information on the computer files rather than manual file
d. all of the above

189.) Vulnerable subjects would include all of the following:

a. women hospitalized for a mastectomy

b. members of a senior citizens group
c. people who do not speak English
d. AOTA

190) Informed consent is not obtained when;

a. the researcher pays the subjects a stipend

b. the researcher collects information covertly
c. the risk/benefit ratio is low
d. the researcher’s study is determined to be exempt from IRB review

Rosie wanted to conduct a research study on the growth and development of school age children.

191) The research project collected data on the height and weight of subjects at one point in time. This is referred to as:

a. cross sequential studies

b. cross section studies
c. longitudinal
d. panel studies

192) Which of the following study, if undertaken by Rosie, would require the longest time to conduct?

a. trend study
b. prospective study
c. retrospective study
d. qualitative study

Qualitative studies are required if the researchers need a lot of flexibility in conducting the study.

193. The focus of this study is what people actually experienced or the lived experiences of people:
a. Ethnographic studies
b. Grounded theory research
c. Historical studies
d. Phenomenology

194) A nurse-researcher came across a diary believed to have been owned by Florence Nightingale. External criticism would
involve asking which question?

a. Are the contents of the diary essential to nursing?

b. Is the paper, which the diary is written of the right age?
c. Both A & B
d. None of A & B

195) An outbreak of diarrheal diseases is being investigated in a community of Aetas. This may be an example of:

a. Historical research
b. Ethnographic research
c. Case Study
d. Methodological research
196) Original documents such as manuscripts and artifacts are considered:

a. Primary source data

b. Secondary source data
c. Third hand information
d. None of the above

Sally is a new Public health nurse. She recognizes that research is very imperative in her work.

197. Investigation of incidence of communicable diseases involves case finding through interview with people in the community.
Sally uses an outline of the questions she needed to ask the people. This is an example of interview which is:

a. Structured
b. Semi structured
c. Focused
d. Unstructured

198. The following are uses of research in community and public health except:

a. To diagnose the health status of the community through community diagnosis

b. To detect cases of communicable and infectious diseases at its early stages through case finding
c. To promote health and prevent illness through the felt needs of the people
d. None of the above

Mrs. Henson is a nurse in the ICU. She is conducting a study on the perception of post myocardial infarction (MI) patients on the
causes of coronary artery diseases (CAD).

199) She sets the following as conditions present in an individual to be included in the study: 40 years old and above; with 2 years
history of heart problems; hemodynamically stable for at least 24 hours; and oriented to time, place and person. This depicts :

a. Sampling
b. Eligibility criteria
c. Exclusion criteria
d. None of the above

Situation: The following questions refer to the Research Process

200. In the review of the related literature, the nurse researcher may:

a. locate pertinent data useful for the researcher’s study

b. find comparative data that will be valuable in interpreting the conclusion on the researcher’s study the researcher’s study
c. determine if some research has already been done on the researcher’s study
d. do all of the above

Situation – Nurse Lyn plans to enhance her personal and professional development

201. Choose an indicator that models personal and professional behavior and values.

a. Utilizes communication and social media responsibly

b. Attends conferences
c. Enrolls in school
d. Joins civic organization
202. Nurses should have knowledge about professional organization. Which of the following is the accredited professional
organization of nurses?

a. Maternal Child Nursing

b. Philippine Nurses Association, Inc.
c. National League of Government Nurses of the Philippines
d. Association Nursing Service Administrators of the Philippines

203. A profession is characterized by the following except:

a. Body of knowledge
b. Code of ethics
c. Member of professional organization
d. Engages in research

204. Which of the following is an example of self-directed learning activity?

a. Research at work
b. Attends webinars
c. Attendance to graduate school
d. Resource person

205. Aside from attending seminars which of the following informal continuing education programs should the nurse engages
herself EXCEPT:

a. Attending professional conventions

b. Webinars
c. Symposium
d. Doing research as academic requirement

Situation – Nurse Betty is assigned as team leader of the group of Community Health Nurses who are tasked to conduct a
Community Diagnosis in one of the far – flung barangays of the municipality.

206. While preparing to depart to their assigned barangay, Nurse Betty informs her group that the PRIMARY purpose of
conduction community diagnosis is to

a. Do assessment of the community profile

b. Count the number of morbidity in the place
c. Assess the number of indigenous people
d. Form a core group of selected residents

207. Nurse Betty and her group followed the steps of community diagnosis. Which comes after the formulation of objectives?

a. Determine data to be collected

b. Define the study population
c. Analyze the collected data
d. Collect the needed data

208. Is the step of community diagnosis where data are collected, which of the following tools is utilized less?

a. Interview guide
b. Observation checklist
c. Survey questionnaire
d. Case study
209. To prepare the collected data about the health status of the community for analysis, which is the APPROPRIATE step that the
group of Nurse Betty should do?

a. Analyze data
b. Interpret data
c. Present data
d. Make conclusion

210. Ones the group of Nurse Betty is able to identify community health problems, which would be APPROPRIATE for them to do
in order to be able to plan for necessary intervention?

a. Present the data

b. Formulate objectives
c. Evaluate the data
d. Set priorities

Situation – Health education is one of the essential services at the community setting. Nurse Nena is in charge of health education
activities of the rural health unit.

211. Which of the following is TRUE about health education in public health?

a. Its only done by professionals like nurses.

b. It is every health worker responsibility.
c. It remains constant.
d. It is seldom use is public health setting
212. The BEST result of health education process is

a. It influences and changes behavior

b. It provides new inputs
c. Update others
d. Information transfer

213. Which of the following explains health education is creative process?

A. It could employ a variety of strategies

B. It is can be done anywhere
C. It could perform by any member of the health team
D. It is a valuable health service

214. The team leader decided to ask Nurse Trining the meaning of informed consent. After being able to define what the term
means, she was further asked the reasons for its use. Nurse Trining’s answer should be, which of the following?

A. 1, 2 & 3
B. 2 only
C. 1, 2, 3 & 4
D. 3 only
215. As to observance of respecting privacy, Nurse Trining explained about___

A. Breach of contract
B. Anonymity
C. Ethical dilemma
D. Confidentiality

(216.) In nursing, Nurse Trining explained that the MAIN goal of conducting a research is to

A. Justify is the role of nurses as health care provider

B. Establish a credible body of evidence to support and improve the delivery of c are
C. Identify research priorities that will justify the oversupply of nurses
D. Develop a body of knowledge to address non-nursing problem

(217.) In conducting a study on sleep, Nursing Trining was asked which of the types of research will be used should it involve
collecting numerical data which is most often under considerable control. Her answer should be:

A. Ethnographic
B. Phenomenological
C. Qualitative
D. Quantitative

(218.) Should a 24 hour period clinical observations and activities be considered in conducting the research on sleep, the type of
study that training will be conducting is?

A. Quantitative
B. Descriptive
C. Ethnological
D. Exploratory

SITUATION – Sienna, a patient with severe preeclampsia is admitted to the hospital. She is a student from one of the local
universities and insists on continuing her studies while in the hospital, despite being instructed to rest. The patient studi es
approximately 10 hours a day and numerous visits from fellow students, family and friends.

(219.) When the researcher would like to determine the possible risk factors of one Princess Mikaela in developing pre -eclampsia,
along with the appropriate interventions that can be done to address the disease process, what type of research design will suit the
inquiry?

A. Case study
B. Methodological
C. Descriptive
D. Observational Studies

(220.) In the hierarchy of evidence-based practice, which of the following is the most credible source of guiding every nurse’
clinical decision making process?

A. Systematic Review Observational Studies

B. Systematic Review Physiologic Studies
C. Systematic Review Non Randomized Clinical Trial
D. Systematic Review Descriptive Studies
(221.) Nurse Mauve is now on an ethical dilemma. This occurs when ____.

A. A decision had to be made quickly under stressful situation

B. Choices are unclear
C. There is a conflict between the nurse’s decision and that of his/her superior
D. There is a conflict of two or more ethical principles

(222.) Despite the reaction of the patient, which of the ethical principles that the nurse is responsible of providing all patie nts with
caring attention and information?

A. Beneficence
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Veracity
D. Advocacy

(223.) Nurse Mauve should plan to initiate which action to provide a safe environment?

A. Take the patient’s vital signs every 4 hours

B. Encourage visits from family and friends for psychosocial support.
C. Maintain fluid and sodium restrictions
D. Take off the room lights and draw the window shades

(224.) To families and individual in the community, which is the MOST important goal of health education?

A. To study their life history

B. To identify their weaknesses
C. To totally change their lifestyle
D. To motivate them to develop skills and literacy in health.

(225.) As a whole health education in public health aims to ________.

A. Transfers information
B. Make life changes
C. Better health opportunities
D. Change personality

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

(226.) Which type of plan should the nurse employ to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the organization?

A. Nursing care
B. Operational
C. Strategic
D. Program

(227.) Which best describes the planning function of Nurse Ellen in her role as nurse manager?

A. Get and develop people to do the work

B. Distributes and arranges work to ensure with the desired output
C. Determines the actual performance compared with the desired output
D. Determine how to achieve the mandate of work

(228.) To assist them enhance their performance at work, the nurse manager should review regularly pertaining to the staff’s

A. Number of submitted incident report

B. Academic performance in college
C. Job description
D. Family dynamics
(229.) Doing year end performance evaluation of the staff is an example of

A. Planning
B. Controlling
C. Organizing
D. Staffing

(230.) Which is the most important criterion in budgeting

A. Flexibility
B. Standardized
C. Consistency
D. Cost effectiveness

Situation 7 – Nurse Mely considers teamwork and collaboration as important components of community HEALTH NURSING.

(231.) Which of the following is the primary goal of collaboration?

a. Less number of people is needed

b. Camaraderie
c. Accomplish goals
d. Work is faster

(232.) Which are key element of collaboration?

A. 1, 2, 3
B. 3, 4
C. 1, 2
D. 1, 2, 3, 4

(233.) Which of the following is the most important purpose of teamwork?

a. 1, 2
b. 1,2,3,4
c. 3, 4
d. 1, 2, 3

(234.) Which of the following best describe a strong team?

A. Cohesive
B. Shared goal
C. Driven
D. Sense of mission
(235.) Collaboration and teamwork are essential in Public health to improve

A. Staff performance
B. Proper use of resources
C. Equity in service
D. Quality health care

Situation – Nurse Mae is a new supervisor of the health center. Her program thrusts include excellent and quality provision of
services and performance of the staff.

(236.) What is BARS?

a) Behaviorally-anchored rating scales

b) Behavioral Expectation Scales
c) Both
d) None of the Above

(237.) To ensure that the staff adheres to their job responsibilities which should be the appropriate tool should Nurse Mae utilize in
evaluation staff performance?

a. Memorandum
b. Performance evaluation
c. Incident report
d. Anecdotal report

(238.) As a nurse manager, which nursing action should do to let the staff imbibe the culture of quality at the health center?

a. Become a role model

b. Reprimand every now and then
c. Frequent meetings
d. Allow them to read books

(239.) Which measure will be used in the unit to ensure patient satisfaction of the delivery of health services?

A. Encourage to use social media

B. Provide means to evaluate services
C. Verbal feedback
D. Ask the local officials

(240.) Which is the simple meaning of standards of nursing care?

a. What protects the nurse

b. How the nurse will behave
c. How much work is done
d. What to do

(241.) Which is the BEST strategy that Nurse should employ to give feedback on patient’s evaluation of health services?

a. Put the evaluation at supervisor’s office

b. Send letter to all
c. Conduct staff meeting
d. Through bulletin board
Situation – Nurse Rica finds effective communication as the key to successful community–health nursing.

(242.) When writing a memorandum, which of the following is the MOST important guideline

a. Purpose is included
b. Content Clear
c. Friendly tone
d. One topic at one time

(243.) Which of the following is an INDICATOR of effective communication?

a. Receiver
b. Feedback
c. Sender
d. Non verbal communication

SITUATION - Nurse Pat is a newly hired Registered Nurse together with 5 licensed graduate nurses coming from different
regions. It is their first day of orientation in a big health facility. The continuing nurse educator started the session by projecting the
organizational structure of the the medical center.

(244.) Which of the following is the MAJOR PURPOSE of an organizational structure? It is a:

A. Blueprint representing committees for delegation of roles and functions

B. Flow chart that shows interaction among members of major and minor groups
C. Framework of relationship of units, departments and channels of communication
D. Design that identifies roles, collaboration, interdependence between functions of people.

(245.) Line and staff functions are identified in the presented organizational chart. What does line authority mean?

A. Staff relationship in the organization is advisory in nature

B. Staff mix of personnel reporting to the “Boss”
C. Decisions are made from bottom to top in an organization
D. Direct responsibility over a subordinate within an organization.

(246.) Which of the following statements is CORRECT of nursing service system in health care?

A. Informed leaders are more effective than formal leaders in an organization

B. A shared governance tends to be controlling and with less autonomy
C. Institutional policies are more powerful tool in nursing practice than laws and regulations.
D. A situational leadership style provides effective means in achieving patien t outcomes.

(247.) The mode of nursing service delivery system is being revisited in respond to patient’s outcome. Which of the following is
NOT TRUE of the manager’s role in the health care delivery system?

A. Provides direct nursing care when needed

B. Manages resource utilization
C. Act as a liaison in litigation cases in court
D. Collaborates with members of the health

(248.) Budgeting is an important aspect of financial management. When a unit manager allocates expenses for unit supplies , stocks
and medical-surgical supplies. This is considered?

A. Cash budget
B. Operational budget
C. Capital budget
D. Flexible budget
SITUATION - Nurse Eileen has just passed the Board Examination for Nurses and set her goals for her Nursing C areer for the
next 5 years. She is aspiring to become a Diabetes Nurse Educator after completing her 2 years as a bedside nurse.

(249.) Which of the following can Nurse Eileen adopt to visualize her future?

A. Flow chart
B. Decision tree
C. Gantt chart
D. Decision grid

(250.) She started to create her personal and professional portfolio as a preparation for her application to a university medical
center in Metro Manila. Which of the following is NOT a major purpose of keeping a portfolio?

A. Keep on ongoing records of skills development

B. Create a system for documenting accomplishments
C. Set career and educational goals
D. Set system for a possible shift to another job

(251.) One area of the professional portfolio is to indicate one’s philosophy of life. Which of the following workplace values
should Nurse Eileen consider as NOT favorable to be written in her portfolio?

A. Customer service based on acceptance, empathy and selfless duty.

B. Time and compensation limiting her pursuit of excellence in her job
C. Commitment to continual life long and self-directed learning.
D. Challenges which can lead to growth, responsibility and accountability

(252.) In order for Nurse Eileen to be active as a bedside nurse, she has to comply with the renewal of PRC ID by undertaking
continuing professional development (CPD) as mandated by the CPD law. The purposes of which are _______.

A. I & III
B. I, II & III
C. I, II, III. IV
D. I & II

(253.) Nurse Eileen is aware that her personal and professional portfolio has to include and keep up to date the following
EXCEPT?

A. Certificate of CPD attended

B. Letter of reference
C. Photographs
D. Confidential information from past employers

SITUATION – The Department of Health (DOH) is an agency that set standards for safe and quality health care together with
Phil health Insurance which takes care for accreditation and reimbursement of cost of health care services.

(254.) The professional conduct of doctors, nurses and other health care providers in the health facilities belong to which of the
following quality standards?

A. Improving performance
B. Organizational ethics
C. Patient care standards
D. Leadership and management

(255.) The positive practice environment (PPE) is part of the quality standards of every health facilities in the country today.
Which of the following is NOT a component of PPE in the work setting?

A. Waste management
B. Peer review
C. Electrical wires
D. Infection control

(256.) When a health facility formulates its Vison-Mission to guide the Management and health personnel in the work place is what
part of quality standards?

A. Human resource management

B. Patient care standards
C. Leadership and management
D. Organizational ethics

(257.) When Nurse Sarah distributed a Patient satisfaction survey form to be filled by the consumer to be discharge in a hospita l
setting is in compliance to what quality standards?

A. Organizational structure and professional ethics

B. Identification of Patient rights and welfare
C. Improving performance of health care personnel
D. Human resource management and staffing pattern

(258.) When an accurate documentation whether done manually or by electronic by the healthcare professionals in their work
setting is a component of what quality standards in a health care delivery system?

A. Patient care standards

B. Information management
C. Leadership and management
D. Human resource management

(259.) What are the Donabeledian framework used to identify the different variables that interrelates health and other social
factors?

a) Structure, Process, Outcome

b) Management by Objectives
c) Program Evaluation Review Technique
d) Pareto Chart

(260.) Which of the following does not belong to the group?

a) The Joint Commission

b) Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Hospitals
c) ORYX Plus
d) Nominal Group Technique

(261.) There are significant differences between managers and leaders. Which among the following is not correct managers and
leaders?

a. A leader is challenged by change; while a manager is challenged by stability or continuity

b. A leader looks at the future; a manager is concerned about the present
c. The question asked by a leader is “why?”; the manager asks “who, what, where and how?”
d. The motto of a leader is to “do things right”; a manager’s motto is to “do the right things.”
(262.) What is the main function of a community health nurse?

a. coordinator
b. Facilitator
c. dictator
d. manager

(263.) The main concept of the Transformational leadership is:

a. Inborn characteristics
b. Emergency power
c. Empowerment
d. Emotional maturity

(264.) Mr. Corpuz gives strong orders, makes decisions and fosters dependency on his subordinates. He is a leader who is:

a. Autocratic
b. Democratic
c. Laissez-faire
d. Bureaucratic

(265.) Marissa and the other head nurses in the hospital are usually the persons who receive the most complaints from the staff and
memos from the higher administration. This depicts:

a) Chain of command
b) Centrality
c) Unity of command
d) Responsibility

(266.) All the faculty in University A are focused on developing competent future nurses and work collaboratively and
cooperatively towards that objective.

a) Unity of purpose
b) Authority
c) Span of control
d) Chain of command

(267.) Elena is administering an IV antibiotic to a patient. She makes sure she followed all the rights in giving medication and
accepts the outcome of the procedure. This reflects:

a. Responsibility
b. Accountability
c. Authority
d. Duty

(268.) A group of employees walks in the room of the Medical Director to complain about the treatment made by doctors on the
nurses and attendants. This is a form of:

a. Upward communication
b. Downward communication
c. Lateral communication
d. Grapevine communication

(269.) Leah emphasized the importance of adhering to the rules and regulations of the hospital and the possible sanctions if
violations occur. This reflects the principle of:

a. Authority and responsibility

b. Chain of command
c. Order
d. Discipline

(270.) Chief Nurse Marie may have delegated some responsibility to her supervisors, but she continuously monitors the work of
her supervisors. This situation shows:
a) Chain of Command
b) Span of Control
c) Responsibility
d) Accountability

(271.) This is a statement of the end to be accomplished:

a) Vision
b) Mission
c) Philosophy
d) Goals and objectives

(272.) These are means to accomplish the goals and objectives of a certain company:

a) Vision and mission

b) Philosophy and Values
c) Policies and Procedures
d) None of the above

(273.) The hospital experienced a mass resignation of their staff nurses due to low compensation and unfair work hours. Because of
this, they immediately planned on increasing the salary of nurses and to study the most effective working hours for them. This
mode of planning is:

a) Proactivism
b) Reactvism
c) Inactivism
d) Preactivism

(274.) The Chief Nurse of the hospital plans to purchase new computers for every unit in the hospital. She projects that these
computers will be used for about 5 years. The purchase will be included in the company’s:

a) Operational budget
b) Manpower budget
c) Capital budget
d) Flexible Budget

(275.) The activities in planning include:

a. Supervising, motivating and staff development

b. Developing goals & objectives, policies and procedures
c. Staffing, orienting, developing organizational chart
d. Staff evaluation, accreditation, quality control

(276.) The following statements were seen in the hospital lobby: 2. “The ______ of Marian General Hospital is to deliver
comprehensive health care services to promote physical and mental health, prevent diseases and promote healing of the body” 3 .
“The _____ of Marian General Hospital is to be the leader in health care in the region” Statement 1 is the hospital’s:

a. Vision
b. Mission
c. Philosophy
d. Goals and objectives

(277.) In your assessment of one company, almost all employees are single. Although no written policy has been made on t he
requirement regarding marital status, married applicants seem not accepted. This may be interpreted as:

a. Expresses policy
b. Implied policy
c. Written policy
d. Verbal policy

(278.) Dean Cora is making the plan for a college of nursing where one of the objectives is 100% passing rate in the Nurse
Licensure examination. She detailed that selective admission, selective retention and In house review are among the steps to
achieve such objective:

a. Operational planning
b. Proactive planning
c. Strategic planning
d. Reactive planning

(279.) The hospital is guided by their belief that men are created in the image and likeness of God; thus, they should be treate d with
respect. This statement reflects the hospital’s:
a. Vision
b. Mission
c. Philosophy
d. Objectives

280. Organizing is the phase of the management which creates the structure and determines staffing needs . The relationship
between Rommel, a staff nurse, and Joan, the head nurse in Unit Y is all of the following except:

a. Chain of command
b. Functional
c. Structure
d. Line

(281.) The organizational chart tells the nurse which of the following: (1) leaders and subordinates in the organization; (2) roles
and positions in the organization (3) number of individuals in the organization (4) location in the hierarchical levels

a. 1, 2, 3
b. 2, 3, 4
c. 1, 2, 4
d. All

(282.) Staffing needs are affected by the following except:

a. Communicability of ailment
b. Degree of dependence
c. Rapid turn over of nurses
d. Acuteness of patient’s illness

(283.) The total nursing staff needed by your hospital is 180. If 60% of them are professional nurses, distribute them in the three
(3) different shifts:

a. AM 81 – PM 67 – Night 32
b. AM 79 – PM 68 – Night 20
c. AM 49 – PM 40 – Night 19
d. AM 50 – PM 39 – Night 18

Marissa is a head nurse who officially reports to the Supervisor in her area and likewise reports to the Head of Training for
concerns about the student affiliate.

(284.) Marissa belongs to a:

a. Task force
b. Project management
c. Matrix
d. Collegial management

(285.) The head of training to whom Marissa reports to has what type of structure in the hospital?

A. Line structure
B. Staff structure
C. Informal
D. None of the above

(286.) The line structure is seen in which of the following relationships of Marissa?

a. Marissa and the doctors in the hospital

b. Marissa and her Supervisor
c. Marissa and the Head of Training
d. Marissa and the head nurse in another unit

(287.) Which of the following statements is true about delegation?:

A. Delegation is performance of a task provided by the job description

B. Delegation assigns competent individuals the responsibility to carry out tasks
C. Delegation can happen without supervision
D. None of the above

(288.) Senior staff nurse Jojo was delegated the authority to attend a planning meeting by his supervisor. He was likewise asked to
share his comments and suggestions. The level of authority he was given was:

a. Level 1
b. Level 2
c. Level 3
d. Level 4

(289.) Marty is lobbying for majority rule within the group to decide on what new equipment will be purchased for the department.
This decision making model is called:

a. Collegial
b. Political
c. Garbage can
d. Swallow hard

(290.) A personal conflict between two nurses has been affecting the overall operation of the unit. The cause of the conflict is
perceived favoritism. As the head nurse, you must immediately use which of the following conflict management strategy?

a. Avoidance
b. Compromise
c. Competition
d. Collaboration
(291.) Controlling, as a step in the management process, is observed in which of the following situations:

a) The Chief Nurse tells the HR department to post advertisement for job vacancy for 10 staff nurses
b) The Nursing Supervisor monitors the activities of the five units she is responsible for.
c) The Head Nurse makes a performance evaluation of her staff nurses
d) The Chief Nurse develops the goals and objectives of her department

(292.) What is the main function of a psychiatric health nurse?

a. coordinator
b. facilitator
c. dictator
d. manager

(293.) What is the primary goal of quality assurance?

a. Quality awareness by all employees

b. Zero-defect planning
c. Recognition for meeting goals
d. Do it all over again

RESEARCH

SITUATION – Mr. Reynaldo is tasked to conduct a study to determine the level of patient satisfaction on the care they received
from the hospital. In doing so, he plans to include all adult patients admitted from May-October, first admission, with an average
length of hospital confinement of 4-5 days, and with no complications.

(294.) Which of the following is an EXTRANEOUS variable of the study?

A. Age of patients
B. Absence of complications
C. Length of stay 4-5 days
D. Date of admission January-March

(295.) Which of the following variables will he likely EXCLUDE in his study?

A. Salary of nurses
B. Caring attitude of nurses
C. Responsiveness of staff
D. Competence of nurses

(296.) He plans to used likert scale to determines

A. Compliance to expected standards

B. Degree of agreement and disagreement
C. Level of satisfaction
D. Degree of acceptance

(297.) Which criterion refers to the ability of the instrument to detect fine differences among the subjects being studied?

A. Reliability
B. Sensitivity
C. Objectivity
D. Validity
(298.) This technique refers to the use of multiple referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth?

A. Delphi technique
B. Meta-analysis
C. Triangulation
D. Experiment

SITUATION – Nurse Tarly, the research coordinator of a Tertiary hospital where there was a growing concern of patients and
family complaints that Nurses are “rude and cranky”. In response to this, She organized a core group to conduct a study on th e
“Caring behavior of Staff-Nurses and satisfaction of Women with Ostomy”.

(299.) Based on the research statement, what is the independent variable in the study?

A. Staff-Nurses
B. Caring behavior
C. Women with ostomy
D. Satisfaction

(300.) What is the dependent variable in the study?

A. Staff-Nurses
B. Ostomy
C. Degree of satisfaction
D. Caring behavior

(301.) What are the relevant related literatures that Nurse Tarly and her groupmates can utilize in this study?

A. III & IV
B. I, II & III
C. I & III
D. I, II, III and IV

(302.) If Nurse Tarly and her core group decide to formulate a directional hypothesis it will be?

A. There is an increase relationship between the caring staff nurses and degree of satisfaction of ostomized pat ients
B. The caring behaviors of the staff nurses is related to increased satisfaction of ostomized patients
C. The staff nurses behaviors has an effect on the patients satisfaction with ostomized patients
D. A significant relationship exist between the caring behaviors of the staff – nurses and degree of satisfaction of ostomized
patients.

(303.) Based on the research problem, what is the Reseach design of the study?

A. Quasi – experimental
B. Descriptive
C. Expost – facto
D. Experimental
SITUATION - The Hospital Research Coordination is discussing the basics of research with the members of the Research facility
as part of continuing Education. Questions and answer are also part of the program.

(304.) During the open forums, the Hospital Research Coordination raised the question as to, who among the following, provides
information in the questionnaire.

A. Participants
B. Key informants
C. Respondents
D. Subjects

(305.) One of the members of the Research Committee wishes to conduct a study involving an interdisciplinary colleague. This
study is termed as _________.

A. Clinical
B. Exploratory
C. Collaborative
D. Applied

(306.) In conducting qualitative research, a nurse should follow logical reasoning process termed as, which of the following?

A. deductive
B. Intuition
C. Causal
D. Inductive

(307.) The lecturer reminded the committee members that bias in an influence that distorts the study results. In qualitative res earch,
which will eliminate bias?

A. trustworthiness
B. Credibility
C. Randomness
D. Triangulation

(308.) One of the committee members raised the question on how to make an abstract. The question was followed by how many
words are required in an abstract should (APA) style be followed? What is the correct answer?

A. 450-550
B. 250-350
C. 150-250
D. 350-450

Situation: Knowledge of research in Nursing is an important must in promoting the profession of Nursing.

(309.) Which of the following is a probability sampling?

a. Quota
b. Convenience
c. Cluster
d. Purposive

(310) In a research study, 30 men and 30 women admitted in the ER were being studied. What sampling method was used?

a. Quota sampling
b. Fishbowl method
c. Convenient sampling
d. Purposive sampling
Situation. Research in Nursing is a continuing saga, an important criteria for any profession, most especially in Nursing to expand
knowledge and improve patient care. The nurse must be knowledgable of the basic knowledge in research.

311. A measure of variability of scores or values about the mean is the:

a. Standard deviation
b. Range
c. Mode
d. Median

312. Another name for the manipulated variable is:

a. Dependent variable
b. Criterion variable
c. Independent variable
d. Controlled variable

313. The Hawthorne effect is best illustrated, in which one of the following groups?

a. Experimental
b. Control
c. Standardization
d. Norm

314. A factor to consider when determining whether or not a problem could be searched is the:

a. Importance of the problem

b. Time factor
c. Cost kind of instrument needed
d. All of the above

315. When initiating the library research for current work, the nurse researcher shou ld first use:

a. Abstracts and indexes

b. Card catalog
c. Books
d. Reader’s guide to periodical literature

316. Guidelines for developing an instrument include:

a. Instrument should be valid and reliable

b. Must be suitable for its function
c. Should be free of bias
d. All of the above

317. If a nurse researcher wishes to assess what activities are considered as health-promoting in order to importance to a particular
group of persons, which technique would be used?

a. Checklist
b. Stimulation
c. Q-sort
d. Rating Scale
318. Statistical analysis of the data utilizes several measures to estimates the chances that the findings can be generalized t o the
larger population. These may include:

a. mean
b. median
c. mode
d. the standard deviation

319. The interview schedule that is read to a respondent is known as:

a. Standardized
b. Non-standardized
c. Semi-standardized
d. None of the above

320. The selection of statistical approach depends on all of the following factors except:

a. The purpose of the study

b. The conclusions of the study
c. The Hypothesis
d. The size of Sample

321. A pilot study and case study are design used which type of research?

a. Non-experimental
b. Explanatory
c. Historical
d. Descriptive

322. The most common type of data-collecting instrument is:

a. The questionnaire
b. The survey
c. The interview
d. The critical incident

323. The process that takes place after data are analyzed and includes generalization about the findings is the:

a. Evaluation
b. Conclusion
c. Recommendation
d. Implication

324. The following explanations are found in the review literature, EXCEPT:

a. Awareness of the most recent development in the area of interests both in content and methods
b. To demonstrate the researcher’s comprehensive understanding of issues related to research problem
c. All written materials published or unpublished local or foreign pertinent to the topic investigated
d. Either to define or revise research problem, instruments or some feature of previous study

325. The purpose of a research report is to:

a. Prove hypothesis
b. Communicate what was done with the study
c. Suggests topics for further research
d. Gain recognition as a scholar for the writes
SITUATION - The clinical instructor is conducting a ward class on how to perform breast self-examination.

326. The CI is expected to set the atmosphere by welcoming everyone and by ______.

A. Showing everyone the picture of the breast.

B. Discussing the objective of the ward class.
C. Giving an anecdote about an old man.
D. Going ahead with the first part of the lecture.

327. For the students’ better understanding about the anatomy of the breast, the CI shares_____.

A. Various pictures of the breast, external and internal views.

B. Pictures of different types of mastectomies.
C. The experiences of breastfeeding mothers.
D. Artistic drawing of breast.

328. The clinical instructor proceeded with the lecture to the students using the _____.

A. Question and answer method

B. Entertainment style of presentation
C. student as the resource persons
D. outline of the lecture she just presented

(329.) When the lecture presentation was finished, the CI proceeded with the ______.

A. Evaluation of the activity

B. Q and A on anything that the students are interested to tackle
C. Open forum to solicit questions related to the topic under discussion
D. cracking humorous anecdote to keep the class alive

(330.) The last necessary part of the activity is ______.

A. Informing the students their next day’s assignment

B. The joke portion for good vibes
C. evaluation so that future but similar activities can be improved
D. after care venue, an earlier reminder of the head nurse

SITUATION - Nurses should not only abide by the law, but be guided by the Code of Ethics for Nurses as well.

(331.) 21. The Code of Ethics for Nurses have articles relating to the relationship of nurses on ______. ( SATA)

A. I, III, IV
B. I, II, III, IV
C. II, III & IV
D. I. II & III

(332.) The Code of Ethics adopted all the principle under the ______.

A. Code of Good governance

B. Patient’s Bill of Right
C. ICN Code of Ethics
D. American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of ethics
(333.) According to the code of ethics, WHO determines the coverage and scope of the examination for the practice of Nursing in
the Philippines?

A. Professional Regulation Commission

B. Association of Deans of the Philippines in the College of Nursing
C. Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing
D. Professional Association of Philippines Regulatory Board

(334.) 24. What are the three important legal principles in nursing professional ethics?

a. I, II, IV
b. II, III, IV
c. I, III, IV
d. I, II, III

(335.) The “end- justifies- the- means” ethics is described as ______.

A. Having no correct or wrong conclusion

B. Basically, without any ethical issue.
C. Conclusively unethical
D. Unavoidable during these modern times

SITUATION - The nurse when practicing the profession must adhere to ethical principles.

(336.) When the nurse treats the patients in the air-conditioned rooms favorably compared to those in the charity wing, she violates
which of the following ethical principles?

A. Veracity
B. Justice
C. Respect
D. Autonomy

(337.) The nurse has an obligation to tell the truth. When she admits mistakes promptly, she manifests________.

A. Fidelity
B. Veracity
C. Respect
D. Autonomy

(338.) The cancer patient has been frequently complaining of pain and demands that the pain reliever be administered even before
the due time. The nurse prepares to inject NSS as a placebo. Which principle will she transgress?

A. Respect
B. Veracity
C. Justice
D. Fidelity
(339.) The nurse knows that ethical dilemmas may be referred to the regulated ethics committee that the PRIMARY role to
_______.

A. Prevent the physicians from making the wrong decision

B. Decide what must be done under the circumstances
C. Prevent ethical dilemmas from occurring
D. Provide guidance for healthcare terms and family of patient

(340.) Nurses were overheard talking about the patient and his prognosis. What ethical principle is violated?

A. Autonomy
B. confidentiality
C. non-maleficence
D. Beneficence

SITUATION - Nurses must continually grow as a person and as a professional.

(341.) As a newly licenced nurse employed in a tertiary hospital, you are required to attend Continuing Professional Development
(CPD) program. When the training program is for the enrichment of nurses in the hospital, it is called______.

A. Informal training program

B. Formal education program
C. Self-directed
D. In-service training

(342.) The professional development of a nurse can be achieved through various ways, such as _______.

A. Participating in political rallies

B. Attending in socio-civic activities
C. Attending demonstration of baking
D. Engaging in CPD program

(343.) When Nurses are projected in a television advertisement as sex symbols, what APPROPRIATE action is expected from a
concerned nurse?

A. Keep your silence, it is the television’s prerogative

B. Go to the street to manifest displeasure of the nurse’s portrayal
C. Make a petition paper to denounce the advertisement
D. Condemn the issue in the radio program

(344.) To grow as a person, the student nurses can attend lecture-demonstration on which of the following procedure?

A. Bathing the newborn

B. Proper bandaging
C. Doing first aid
D. Doing make up

(345.) Nurse Merry’s application to Canada has finally been approved and she was advised to depart in three months, but she is
also enrolled in the graduate school and ambivalent to go because of this engagement plus the fact that her mother has just b een
discharge from the hospital. Which of the following action is BEST?

A. Tell the family that the money spent in the graduate school can be easily earned in Canada.
B. Inform the agency that she could go anytime as they wish
C. Tell the recruiter to give her more time to settle her personal affairs
D. Share to her friends this is her escape from her sad life with her family
SITUATION – You are the Quality Improvement officer of the Hospital X. To achieve safe and quality outcomes, necessary
protocols must be in place and every error or adverse event investigated to find the root cause and thereafter apply the necessary
improvement.

(346.) A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury to a patient. As the
QI Officer, what is your INITIAL STEP following a sentinel event?

A. Reporting to the Department of Health

B. Immediate investigation
C. Corrective action on the personnel
D. Reporting to the Chief Executive Officer

(347.) In one of the Board meetings, the QI Officer will report the results of Quality Improvement efforts in the hospital. The
report will be presented much BETTER by using which of the following? (Select all that apply)

A. I, II, III and IV

B. I, III and IV
C. II, III and IV
D. I, II and III

(348.) The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist aims to increase the safety of patients undergoing surgery. This is being adopted by th e
Hospital’s Quality Department. Based on the Checklist; you are aware that the surgeon, nurse and anestheti st should be present
during the recapitulation and reassurance of correct patient identity, correct site and correct procedure, which occur right before
skin incision. In what phase should the above take place?

A. Debriefing
B. Sign out
C. Sign in
D. Time out

(349.) As the QI Officer, you have strongly recommended to the Surgery Department the adoption of the WHO Surgical Safety
Checklist to prevent a “wrong site” surgery?

A. Debriefing
B. Briefing
C. Time out
D. surgical site marking

(350.) The QI Officer conducts her random visit to the Operating Room. She asks one of the OR nurses in what phase in the WHO
Surgical Safety Checklist will the nurse account for the sponges and needles used in the surgery?

A. Sign out
B. Time out
C. Sign in
D. Debriefing
(351.) From the idea of anxiety, she was able to come up with a more specific topic, which is anxiety level before and after the
surgical experience. This is a characteristic of what process in the research process?

a) Inductive reasoning
b) Deductive reasoning
c) Logical reasoning
d) Intellectual reasoning

(352.) Which of the following is true about evidence-based nursing practice?

a. it uses information derived from theory and research to shape nursing care
b. it requires an organization to have a department of nursing research
c. it does not include health professionals form other disciplines
d. it embraces the medical model of disease.

(353.) The title of the study that appeared in a journal was “ Unintended pregnancies in the Philippines, facts and issues.” This
study can be classified as:

a. quasi-experimental
b. historical
c. experimental
d. descriptive

(354.) A researcher would know that phenomena such as income, disease, and anxiety is an example of:

a. enumerative concept
b. associative concept
c. statistical concept
d. relational concept

(355.) A study entitled “ The relationship between the health teachings given to postpartum primipara mothers during hospital
confinement to the incidence of infection in the newborn” is an example of what type of research?

a. experimental
b. b. correlational
c. historical
d. quasi-experimental

(356.) One study that reads “Improving Physicians’ and Nurses’ Clinical Breast Examination: A randomized control trial”. This is
an example of:

a. historical design
b. experimental design
c. descriptive study
d. quasi-experimental

(357.) The widely used statistical treatment in measuring variability refers to:

a. range
b. t-test
c. standard deviation
d. nominal

(358.) The “Nuremberg code” demands from the researcher the it is necessary to secure the:

a) Permit to conduct the research

b) Letter of transmittal
c) Number of ideal samples for the study
d) Informed consent signed

Situation: As a nurse researcher, you must have a very good understanding of the common terms of concept used in research.

(359.) The information that an investigator collects from the subjects or participants in a research study is usually called:

a. Hypothesis
b. variable
c. Data
d. Concept

(360.) The device or techniques an investigation employs to collect data is called:

a. sample
b. instrument
c. hypothesis
d. concept

(361.) Initially, the students’ started with 50 subjects. In the ensuing days, it started to drop to 30 subjects. This may be a threat to:

a. External validity
b. Internal validity
c. Content validity
d. Construct validity

(362.) Which of the following constitute a threat to external validity?

a) A shocking event causes a change in the BP of subjects after treatment

b) The undue influence/effect of the experimenter being too domineering
c) The long duration of the study causing the progress of health concerns of the subjects
d) The decreasing number of subjects

(363.) Extending the implications of the findings from the sample studied to a larger population is called

a. Generalization
b. Conclusion
c. Limitation
d. Delimitation

(364.) Which of the following actions of a researcher ensures anonymity?

a. Obtain informed consent

b. Provide equal treatment to all the subjects of the study
c. Release the findings of the study to the subjects only
d. Keep the identities of the subjects secret

(365.) After the analysis of the data which of the following steps shall be taken by the researcher?

a. Interpret the data

b. Write the conclusion and recommendation
c. Organize the data using frequency distributions
d. Disseminate the results of the study

(36.) When a research would like to study the lived experiences of patients with prostate cancer confined in their homes, most
likely the type of research that he will design is:

a. True experimental
b. Ethnographic
c. Phenomenological
d. Demographic

(367.) In a certain study, the researcher was asked to consider the gender. Gender is classified in what scale of measurement? *

a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Internal
d. Ratio

(368.) 84. What part of the research report contains the background of the problem?

a. Introduction
b. Literature Review
c. Methodology
d. Results & Discussion

(369.) When a researcher gives a description of how variables or concepts in the study will be measure or manipulated in the stu dy
she is actually giving which type of definition?

a. Conceptual definition
b. Operational definition
c. Personal definition
d. Theoritical definition

(370.) A special type of observation where researchers immerse themselves in the setting so they can experience the reality as t he
participant do is

a. Natural observation
b. Participant – as- observer
c. Observer – as – participant
d. Documentation

(371.) The type of setting that is appropriate for phenomenological study would be

a. Natural setting
b. Clinical setting
c. Controlled setting
d. Dramatic setting

(372.) The variable that may create uncertainty in the result of research refers to:

a. Independent variable
b. Dependent variable
c. Extraneous variable
d. None of the above

(373.) A corrective action taken by the supervisor when an employee does not abide by organizational rules and standards.

a. Punishment
b. control
c. discipline
d. dismissal
Situation: A nurse was interested to study the research question: ‘What are the differences and similarities between aggressive and
non-aggressive cognitively impaired, elderly, institutionalized people?”.

(374.) Investigation of cognitively impaired individual presented some ethical dilemmas. Which of the following protocol would
be considered unethical?

A. Recording interaction with the elderly with their permission

B. Verbal permission from the subject is unnecessary
C. Data coded and recorded solely by the investigation
D. A written consent from the institution and a significant other

(375.) type of study conducted is:

A. descriptive
B. quasi-experimental
C. comparative
D. case study

(376.) The review of literature included reference to retrospective studies. Such studies have the following advantages EXCEPT:

A. data are inexpensive

B. possibility of memory bias and distortion of fact
C. there is much material available
D. it is easy to get data

(377.) The average age of the respondents was 86. This represents:

A. the sum ages divided by the total number of participants

B. he youngest participant in 86 years old
C. the oldest participant in 86 years old
D. most of the number of participants is 86 years old

(378.) What statistical tool is most appropriate to interpret nominal data?

a. Chi square
b. Pearson R
c. t-test
d. z-test

(379.) Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion are examples of:

a. Descriptive statistics
b. Inferential statistics
c. Vital statistics
d. Chi square

(380.) A research design is a blueprint for conducting a study. The purpose of design is to maximize conrtol over factors that can
interfere in the validity of the findings. There are several types of research design. Which type of research design facilita tes the
search of knowledge and examination of causality in situations in which complete control is not possible?

a. Quasi-experimental design
c. Randomized clinical trial
b. Experimental design
d. Pretest-posttest design
(381.) A research topic is a concept or broad issue that is important to nursing. From this topic, research problems arise wherein
there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice. The following are functions of a research problem, except:

a. identifies an area of concern for a population

b. includes significance of the problem
c. provides background for the problem
d. indicates review of related studies

(382.) Extending the implications of the findings from the sample studied to a larger population is called

a. Generalization
b. Conclusion
c. Limitation
d. Delimitation

(383.) What does this statement refer to? The level of educational attainment of the mothers is not correlated with their degree of
compliance to the treatment regimen.

a. Limitation of the study

b. hypothesis
c. assumptions
d. none of the above