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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector

942211-2581 2240119

Vector
Vectors can be described in Cartesian coordinates as:

The magnitude of a vector is its length, which is given by:

which is simply a statement of the Pythagorean theorem.

The dot product between two vectors, is

The dot product of two vectors is a scalar value. It has only magnitude, not direction.

The value of the dot product is: where is the angle between the two vectors.
The dot product of one vector with another is physically the projection of that vector on the other vector,
multiplied by the length of the other vector.

A unit vector is a vector with magnitude of one.

Any vector can be normalized to become a unit vector by simply dividing by its own magnitude.

The cross product of two vectors is a vector and can be written as:

⃗i ⃗j ⃗k
⃗v 1 ×⃗v 2=|a1 b1 c1 |=( b 1 c 2−c 1 b2 ) ⃗i −( a 1 c 2−c1 a2 ) ⃗j+ ( a1 b 2−c1 a2 ) ⃗k
a2 b2 c2

The magnitude of the cross-product has the value of , where θ is the angle
between the two vectors.
The direction of the cross-product is perpendicular to both of the two original vectors, or, equivalently,
perpendicular to the plane in which the two original vectors lie. the cross product of these to vectors is
perpendicular to the original two vectors.

Triple product

The volume of the parallelepiped constructed from the vectors a, b, and c is given by the triple product
of the three vectors:

Parametric equations for a line in 3D:

To find the parametric equations for the line l that that contains a given point P1 = (x1, y1, z1) and that is

parallel to a given vector , use the fact that the displacement vector between the given
point P1 and any arbitrary point P = (x, y, z) on the line must be parallel to a:

Symmetric equations for a line in 3D:

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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
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Equation for a plane in 3D:

To find the equation for the plane p that that contains a
given point P1 = (x1, y1, z1) and that is perpendicular to

a given vector , use the fact that the

displacement vector between the given point P1 and
any arbitrary point P = (x, y, z) in the plane must be
perpendicular to a, which means their dot product must
be zero:

Alternative Equation for a plane in 3D:

Distance between a point and a plane:

To find the distance between a given point P0 = (x0, y0, z0)
and a plane p that that contains a point P1 = (x1, y1, z1) and
that has a normal vector a, compute the projection of the
displacement vector from P1 to P0 onto the vector a:
If the plane has equation
,
then a normal vector is:

.
The displacement vector from P1 to P0 is:

,
so the distance between the point and plane is:

Equation of tangent plane

The standard form of a equation of a plane containing the point (x, y, z) and having normal

is given by

The equation of tangent plane at is

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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
942211-2581 2240119

1) Find the angle between and

a) Cos −1
√5/19 b) Cos
−1
√6/19 c)Cos
−1
√7/19 d)Cos
−1
√8/19
2) Find the angle between and
a) Cos −1
√6/19 b) Cos
−1
√7 /19 c)Cos
−1
√8/19 d)Cos
−1
√14/19
3) Find the angle between j and
a) Cos
−1
6/19 √ b) Cos 7/19 −1
√ c)Cos 8/19 −1
d) 90√
4) Let a and b be two unit vectors such that a + b is also a unit vector. Then the angle between a and
b is
a) 30° b) 90 c) 60° d) 120
5) The angle between two unit-magnitude vectors A(0.86,0.50,0) and B(0.259,0.956,0) will be
a) 0 b) 30 c)45 d) 60

6) The dot product of two vectors is zero. The angle between two vectors is
a) 0 b) 5 c) 90 d) 120

7) The angle between two planer vectors and is

a) 30 b) 60 c) 90 d) 120
8) Two vectors and will be perpendicular to each other, then m is
a) 0 b) 1 c)-1 d) 2
9) Find the work by a force moving an object from the point (1, 1, 1) to the point (4,2,1).
a) 0 b) 2 c) -2 d) 1
10) Find the area of the parallelogram having the adjacent sides as i + 2j + 3k and 3i – 2j + k
a) 8 3 √ b) 5 3 √ c) 4 3 √ d) 3 3 √
11) Find the area of the triangle two of whose sides are given by the vectors 2i + j - 3k and 3i - j + 2k.

a) b) c) d)
12) Find the area of the triangle with corners (0,0,0), (-4,1,2), (1,2,3).

a) b) c) d)
13) Find the volume of parallelepiped formed by
a) 12 b) 19 c) 23 d) 27
14) Find the parametric equations of the line that passes through (-2,0,4) and (0,4,2).
a) c)
b) d)
15) Find parametric equation for the line through (-2,0,4) parallel to
a) c)
b) d)
16) Find the shortest distance between the point ( 5,1,5) and the line

a) b) c) d)
17) A plane contains the following three points: P(2,1,5),Q(-1,3,4)and R(3,0,6).The vector perpendicular to the
above plane can be represented as
a) 2i-j+k b)i+2j+2k c)2i+3j+k d)i+2j+k
18) Determine the equation of the plane that contains the points P =(1,−2, 0), Q =(3,1, 4) and R=(0,−1,
2).
a) b) c) d)
19) Determine the equation of the plane that contains the points P =(0,0,1), Q =(2,0,0) and R=(0,3,0).
a) b) c) d)
20) Determine the equation of tangent plane to the surface at the point (1, 2, 3)
a) b) c) d)

21) Determine the equation of tangent plane to the surface at the point (-3 , 4 ,5)
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
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a) b) c) d)
22) Find the shortest distance between point (1,2,3) and plane

a) b) c) d)
23) Find the shortest distance between point (2,-3,1) and plane

a) b) c) d)

A Scalar function
In 3D space, a scalar field is a function F(x, y, z) that maps points in R3

Vector field
A vector field (in the plane) is a function F(x, y) that maps points in R2 into the set of two-dimensional

vectors : for scalar functions f1(x, y) and f2(x, y).

In 3D space, a vector field is a function F(x, y, z) that maps points in R3 into the set of three-

dimensional vector
Position vector
Position vector of a point on a curve defines a vector function with respect to origin i.e

Parametric equations
Points on a graph can be represented by two separate equations for the x and y coordinates in terms
of a third variable (usually called t), instead of a single equation. The variable t represents time in many
applications, which makes parametric equations useful for describing the location of objects as a
function of time.

Definition – A plane curve C is the collection of points generated by two functions that depend on a
parameter. The equations given by: x = f(t) and y = g(t) are parametric equations for C and the

parameter is t. Then the position vector of a point P on the curve ‘C’ is written as

Differentiability:
Definition of the Limit of a Vector-Valued Function

Given a vector-valued function , we define the limit of as t approaches

a as follows: , provided all three of the above limits exist. If any

one of the limits does not exist, then does not exist.

Continuity of a Vector-Valued Function

We say the vector-valued function is continuous at t = a if

Definition of the Derivative of a Vector-Valued Function

The derivative of the vector-valued function is defined by at any

value of t for which this limit exists. If this limit exists at some value t = a, we say r is differentiable at
a.

Point function:
If the value of the function depends on position of the point in space but not on particular coordinate
system being used then junction is called point function
Types of point functions:
(1) Scalar point function:

If for each point of a region ‘R’ in space, a unique scalar or a number is

associated by some function then the function is called “scalar point function”.
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
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The set of all points of the region R together with the function values is called a scalar field
over region R.
(2) Vector point function:

If for every point in a region ‘R’ of space, a unique vector is associated by a

function f then the function is called “vector point function" or vector function of position.

The set of all points of the region R together with the function values )is called a vector
field over region R.

Level surface:

If is a scalar point function then the set of all points satisfying

where c is an arbitrary constant, is called a level surface of at level c.
Note:
For different values of c we get different level surfaces and the set of all level surfaces is known as
family of level surfaces.

Vector differential operator or Del operator:

The del operator is a linear combination of spatial partial derivatives. In rectangular coordinates, it is

expressed as
Gradient Operator
⃗
Applying the gradient operator, ∇ , on a scalar function φ=φ ( x , y , z ) , simply requires scalar
multiplication. The gradient of φ yields the following:
⃗ φ= ^i ∂ + ^j ∂ + k^ ∂ φ= ∂ φ ^i + ∂ φ ^j + ∂ φ k^
∇ (
∂x ∂ y ∂z )
∂x ∂ y ∂ z
Notice that equation is a linear combination of vector components and basis vectors. In other words
the gradient of a scalar yields a vector.
Gradient properties: magnitude
is a vector since it has a magnitude and direction. For a function f =f ( x , y , z ) , the magnitude of
⃗
∇f is simply found using

√( )( )( )
∂f 2 ∂f 2 ∂f 2
∇ f|= √⃗
|⃗ ∇ f⋅⃗
∇ f= + +
∂x ∂y ∂z
Gradient properties: direction
⃗
∇f ⃗
∇f
The direction of is a bit more complicated. The direction of can be expressed by the unit
⃗
∇f
vector, |⃗
∇ f|
Properties of the Gradient
If f(x, y) is differentiable at the point (a, b), then:

 The maximum rate of change of f at (a, b) is , occurring in the direction of the

gradient.

 The minimum rate of change of f at (a, b) is , occurring in the direction opposite of

the gradient.
 The rate of change of f at (a, b) is 0 in directions orthogonal to the gradient.

 The gradient is orthogonal to the level curve f(x, y) = f(a, b).

Gradient Fields and Potential Functions
The vector field is called gradient field for any scalar function f(x, y). f is also called the
potential function for F. Whenever for some scalar function f, we refer to F as a conservative
vector field.
Directional Derivative
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
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is a scalar point function then the rate of change of at a point P in the direction of

If

normal to the surface is called Directional Derivative =

Angle between two surfaces:

If , and are two surfaces and is the angle between the two surfaces at

their point of intersection P then

Note:

• If is level surface and P(x, y ,z) is any point on the surface ( then

the equation of tangent plane to the surface is a

Divergence of a Vector Quantity
There are two possible ways to apply the del operator to a vector. The first, called the
divergence, results in a scalar function. The second operation, the curl, results in a vector field. For a
^
¿+ w k ¿
^
¿

u⃗
^+v
¿ j ¿
⃗ =u
vector field, u i ¿, the divergence of is defined as

⃗
∇⋅u
⃗ =¿ ¿ (5)
Notice that the divergence of a vector is a scalar quantity, just like the dot product.

Physically, the divergence is a measure of the addition or removal of a vector quantity. Imagine a sink
full of water. If we examine the flow of the water near the drain of the sink we will notice it is directed
radially inward indicating a net loss of the fluid. This would result in a negative divergence. If we
attached a hose to the drain, so we are adding water to the system instead of removing it, then the flow
would be radially outward, indicating a net outflow and a positive divergence. If the divergence is zero,
∇⋅⃗u =0 , then there is no net inflow or outflow. A fluid field where ∇⋅⃗u =0 is called solenoidal or
divergence free or steady flow.

  u
u  0 0
The Curl of a Vector Quantity
The other way to apply the del operator on a vector field is the curl. For a vector field,
⃗ is defined as
, the curl of u
^¿ +( ∂∂ vx − ∂∂ uy )k^ ¿
¿

¿^ ¿ ^¿ ¿ ¿^ ¿
i jk ∂ ∂ ∂
( ∂u∂ z − ∂∂ wx )
¿^ + j ¿

∇×⃗u=|
u
∂ x ∂ y ∂ z |=
v w
∂w ∂v
−
∂y ∂z ( ) i ¿
(6)
The curl is a measure of the rotational properties of a vector field about a point. For a velocity field, ,
the curl is a measure of the rotation of a fluid parcel about its center of mass and is called the vorticity.
The vorticity is usually denoted by the vector omega, . One way to imagine the vorticity is to place a
small compass arrow in a fluid and to see how the arrow rotates about its center as it travels throughout
the medium. If the vorticity of a fluid is zero, it is called irrotational.
I. The gradient product rule of two scalar functions: ∇ ( fg ) =g ∇ f +f ∇ g
II. The divergence product rule with a vector and a scalar: ∇⋅( ρ u⃗ )=⃗u⋅( ∇ ρ ) +ρ ( ∇⋅⃗u )
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
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2
III. The divergence of the gradient of a scalar – The Laplacian: ∇⋅∇ φ=∇ φ
IV. The curl of the gradient of a scalar: ∇× ( ∇ φ )=0 =( 0,0,0 )
⃗
V. The divergence of the curl of a vector: ∇⋅( ∇×⃗u )=0
Parametrisation of Curves
The key to evaluating integrals is to define a single co-ordinate t that parameterizes the curve C.
Straight line y=a+bx ⇒ x=t , y=a+bt or r(t )=(t , a+bt )
 Parabola y=a+bx
2
⇒ x=t , y=a+bt 2 or r (t )=(t , a+bt 2 )
 For other curves one can use an angular formulation
Circle x 2 + y 2 =a 2 ⇒ x=a cos t , y=a sin t or r(t )=(a cos t , a sin t ) and dr (t )=(−a sin t , a cost )
2 2
x y
2
+ 2 =1 ⇒ x=a cos t , y=b sin t
Ellipse a b or
r(t )=(a cos t , b sin t ) and dr (t )=(−asin t , b cost )
Line Integrals
b
∫ f ( x)dx
The concept of the integral a of a function y=f(x) on an interval [a, b] can be extended to the
integral of a function z=f(x, y) along a curve in the xy plane or the integral of a function w=f(x, y, z) on a
curve in space. These integrals are called line integrals and are denoted by
∫ f ( x , y )ds or ∫ f ( x , y , z)ds
C C
Line Integrals: Suppose a function f(x, y z) is defined at each point of the smooth curve c
parameterized by x = x(t), y = y(t), z =z (t), a ≤ x ≤ b. The line integral of f along C is defined by

∫C f ( x, y , z)ds= ∫a f (x(t ), y(t ), z(t )) √( x ' (t )) +( y ' (t )) ( z' (t )) dt

b 2 2 2

Circulation:

If C is a simple closed curve then the line integral of along a closed curve C is denoted by
represents the fluid velocity.

Work done by force:

If is a force acting on a particle which moves from a point P to a point Q along a curve C then

the line integral gives the total work done by force.

The value of the line integral of a vector point function depends (upon) on the path joining A & B (unless
the vector function is an irrotational).

Fundamental Theorem for Line Integrals in Two Variables

If the vector field is continuous on the open, connected region ,C

is any piecewise-smooth curve lying in D with initial point and terminal point , and F is

conservative in D with , then

.
Theorem: The Line Integral of a Conservative Vector Field along a Closed Curve is Zero

If the vector field is continuous on the open, connected region , then F is conservative

on D if and only if for every piecewise-smooth curve C lying in D.

Surface Integrals - Projection Method
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a surface can be represented by a vector parametric equation

where u, v are parameters.

The total flux of a vector field through a surface S is

(which involves the scalar triple product ).

Gauss’ Divergence Theorem

It gives connection between the surface integral ( double integral) and volume integral. The given
surface must be close surface.
Let S be a piecewise-smooth closed surface enclosing a volume V and let F be a vector field. Then

the net flux of F out of V is .

But the divergence of F is a flux density, or an “outflow per unit volume” at a point.
Integrating div F over the entire enclosed volume must match the net flux out through the boundary S of
the volume V. Gauss’ divergence theorem then follows:

Stokes’ Theorem
Give relation between line integral and surface integral. If S is an oriented surface with unit normal
vector n with a smooth closed boundary C with positive orientation then

24) Determine the unit normal vector to

a) b) c) d)
25) Determine the unit normal vector to

a) b) c) d)
26) The unit vector normal to the surface at (4,2,1) is

a) b) c) d)
27) Determine the angle between the surface

a) b) c) d)

28) Find the maximum rate of change of at the point (1,3). In what direction docs it
occur?
a) 56.2 b) 11.23 c) 3.56 d) 4.11

29) Let . Find the maximum rate of change of f at the point (2, 4) and find the
direction which it occurs.
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
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a) b) c) d)
30) Find the maximum rate of change of at the point (1,-1,3). In what direction docs
it occur?
a) 56.2 b) 11.23 c) 3.56 d) 4.11
2 3 2
31) Evaluate the directional derivative of the function φ=3 x y− y z at the point P (1,–2,–1)
a) 12i – 9j – 16k b) 12i + 9j – 16k c) – 12i – 9j – 16k d )– 12i + 9j + 16k
32) The direction of largest increase of the function at the point (1,1) is
a) b) c) d)
33) The temperature at any point in space is given by . Determine the
directional derivative of T in the direction of the vector 3i – 4 k at the point (1,1,1)
a) – 2 / 5 b) – 3 / 5 c) – 4 / 5 d) – 6 / 5
2
34) Evaluate the directional derivative of the function φ=xy + yz 3 at the point P (1,–1,1) in the
direction of (3,1,–1)
a) 5/ √ 11 b) 5/11 c) 5/16 d) 5/17
35) The value of of a vector at the point (1,1,2) is

36) If is irrotational then the value of c is

37) Find divergence of vector field
a) b) c) d) None of the above
38) Find divergence of vector field
a) b) c) d) None of the above
39) If at (1,-2,-1)
then the value of
a) b) c) d)
40) Find curl of V = x y i + x2 j + x z k
a) b) c) d)

41) The vector field (where i and j are unit vectors) is

a) divergence free, but not irrotational c) irrotational, but not divergence free
b) divergence free and irrotational d) neither divergence free nor irrotational
42) For the function to represent the velocity potential of an ideal fluid, should be
equal to zero. In that case, the value of 'a' has to be

43) What is the curl F at (1,1,2) where

44) The expression curl (grad f), where f is a scalar function, is
a) equal to c) equal to div (grad f)
b) a scalar of zero magnitude d) a vector of zero magnitude
45) If and A is solenoidal the 
46) If the velocity vector in 2D flow field is given by find the vorticity vector
a) 2y2j b) 6yk c) zero d) -4xk

47) Integrate along the path y = 2x from

a) b)499 c)0 d)

48) Integrate over a line segment C joining

a) b)499 c)0 d)

49) Evaluate Integrate along a curve

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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
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a) b)499 c)49920 d)45621

50) The line integral of the vector function along the x-axis from x=1 to x=2 is

51) Find the line integral from along line y =x where

52) Find the work done by vector field from

53) Find the line integral from along straight line where

54) The value of the line integral with over the path parametrized by
from t= 0 to t=1 is
a) 0.5 b)1 c)22/15 d)

55) Consider points P and Q in the x-y plane, with P(1,0) and Q(0,1). The line integral
along the semicircle with the line segment PQ as its diameter is

56) The value of line integral from (1,1,1) to (3,3,2) is

57) Find where C is triangle with vertices (0,0), (0,1) and (1,1)

58) Find where C is circle

59) The value of the line integral taken anticlockwise along a circle of unit radius is

60) Find where C is curve bounded by ellipse

61) The Gauss divergence theorem relates certain
a) Surface integrals to volume integrals b) Surface integrals to line integrals
b) line integrals to volume integrals d) vector quantities to other vector quantities
62) Using divergence theorem evaluate

where S is the parabola

bounded by paraboloid sphere and plane

a) b) c) d)

63) Find where ; S is a part of paraboloid below the plane

a) b) c) d)

64) Find where ; S is a part of paraboloid below the plane

a) b) c) d)

1 a 9 b 17 b 25 c 33 a
4 a 49 c 5 -1
1 7
2 d 1 a 18 c 26 d 34 a 4 3 50 3 5 9
0 2 8
3 d 1 b 19 d 27 a 35 26 4 0 51 2 5 1
1 3 9
4 d 1 a 20 a 28 b 36 1 4 D 52 1 6 0
2 4 0
5 c 1 b 21 a 29 a 37 a 4 -5 53 1 6 a
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
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3 5 1
6 c 1 d 22 c 30 b 38 a 4 d 54 c 6 b
4 6 2
7 d 1 c 23 d 31 c 39 a 4 d 55 0 6 b
5 7 3
8 a 1 d 24 b 32 c 40 a 4 a 56 17 6 a
6 8 4

GATE QUESTIONS

1) [GATE 89]: If where Find line integral of F along ,

a) b) c) d) 0

2) [GATE 90] : Find where C is closed contour ,

a) b) c) d) 0

3) [GATE-1995] : if is differentiable vector function and f is sufficient differentiable function curl

is equal to

a) b) 0 c) d)
4) [GATE-1996] : The expression curl (gradf) where f is scalar function is
a) c) div(grad f)
b) scalar of zero magnitude d) a vector of zero magnitude

5) [GATE-1998] : The magnitude of gradient of function at (1,0,2) is

a) 0 b) 3 c) 8 d)

6) [GATE-1999] : if the vorticity vector curl will be

a) b) 6yk c) 0 d) -4xk

7) [GATE-1999] : For the function to represent the velocity potential of an ideal fluid
should be equal to zero in that case the value of ‘a’ has to be
a) -1 b) 1 c) -3 d) 3

8) [GATE-2000] : The maximum value of directional derivative the function at a

point (1,1,-1) is
a) 10 b) -4 c) d) 152

9) [GATE-2001] : The divergence of vector

a) b) 3 c) 0 d) 1

10) [GATE-2003] : The Vector field is

a) Divergence free, but not irrational c) Irrational, but not divergence free
b) Divergence free& irrational d) Neither divergence free nor irrational
11) [GATE-2004] : The angle between two unit magnitude coplanar vectors

will be
a)
b)
c)
d)
12) [CE-GATE 2004] If P, Q and R are three points having coordinates

in xyz space, then the distance from point P to plane OQR ( O

being the origin) is given by
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 9
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13) [GATE-2005] : Stokes theorem connects

a) A line integral & a surface integral c) A surface integral & volume integral
b) A line integral & volume integral d) Gradient of a function & its surface integral

14) [CE-GATE 2005] Value of the integral where c is the square cut from first
quadrant by line will be ( Use Green's theorem to change the line integral into
double integral)

a) b) 1 c) d)

15) [EE-GATE 2005] For the scalar field ,the magnitude of the gradient at the point (1,3) is
-------

a) b) c) d)

16) [IN-GATE 2005] If a vector has a constant magnitude

a) b) c) d)

17) [IN-GATE 2005] : A scalar field is given by where x and y are the Cartesian

coordinates. Then derivative of f along the line directed away from the origin at the point
(8, 8) is

a) b) c) d)
18) [CH-GATE 2005] The divergence of a vector field A is always equal to zero, if the vector field A can
be expressed as
a) The gradient of any scalar field ifi c) The divergence of any scalar field iji
b) The divergence of any vector field B d) The curl of any vector field B

19) [EC-GATE2006] P dS , where P is vector is equal to

a) P dL b) P dL c) P dL d) 
P dV
I r dS
20) [CH-GATE 2006] Determine the following integral where 'r' is the position vector field
r  xi  yj  zk and S is the surface of sphere of radius R
3
 R3
a) 4 R c)  R d) 4 R
2 3 3
b) 4
f  x, y, z  2 x 2  3 y 2  z 2 P 1, 2,3
21) [CE-GATE 2006] The directional derivative of at the point in
the direction of vector A i  2k is
a) -2.785 b) -2.145 c) -1.789 d) 1.0

22) [EC-GATE 2006] P where P is a vector, is equal to

2 2 P  P 
a) P P   P c)

2 P  P P   2 P
b) d)

23) [CH-GATE 2006] : The value of  for which the vectors

a i  2 j  k , b 3 j  k , and
c 2i   j are coplanar is
a) 4 b) 0 c) -2 d) -10
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
942211-2581 2240119

24) [EE-GATE ’07] Divergence of the vector field


V  x, y, z     x cos xy  y i   y cos xy  j  sin z 2  x 2  y 2 k  is:
2 2
a)
2 z cos z b)
sin xy  2 z cos z c) x sin( xy )  cos z d) None
2 2
25) [CE-GATE 2007] A velocity vector is given as V 5 xy i  2 y j  3 yz k the divergence of this

velocity vector at
1,1,1
is
a) 9 b) 10 c) 14 d) 15

26) [CH-GATE 2007] Evaluate the following

n 0   xy n dx  x n ydy  within the area of a triangle
with vertices
0, 0 , 1, 0 , 1,1 counter clockwise
1 1 n
a) 0 b) n  1 c) 2 d) 2
27) [EC-GATE 2007] The following plot shows a function y which
2
I  ydx
varies linearly with x. The value of 1 is-----

2 2 2
28) [CH-GATE 2008] The unit normal vector to the surface of the sphere x  y  z 1 at the point
 1 1 
 , 0, 
 2 2  is
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
i j i k j k i j k
a) 2 2 b) 2 2 c) 2 2 d) 3 3 3
29) [GATE-2008] : The directional derivative of scalar function
f ( x, y, z )  x 2  2 y 2  z at the point P(1,1,2) in the direction of vector a 3i  4 j is
a) -4 b) -2 c) -1 d) 1

30) [GATE-2008] : The divergence of vector field V ( x  y )i  ( y  x ) j  ( x  y  z )k is

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3
g  x, y  4 x 3  10 y 4
31) [EC-GATE 2008] The value of the integral of the function along the straight
line segment from the point (0, 0) to the point (1,2) in the x-y plane is
2
32) [GATE-2009] : The divergence of the vector field 3 xzi  2 xyi  yz k at the point (1, 1, 1) is equal to
a) 7 b) 4 c) 3 d) 0

33) [CH-GATE 2009] : Consider the integral 2 x i  2 y j  5 z k nˆ dS over the surface of a sphere of
radius =3 with center at the origin and surface unit normal n̂ pointing away from the origin. Using
Gauss divergence theorem the value of this integral is
a)  180 b) 0 c) 90 d) 180
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
942211-2581 2240119

34) [IN-GATE 2009) A sphere of unit of radius is centered at the origin. The unit normal at a point(1,1,1)
on the surface of the sphere is the vector
 1 1 1   x y z   x y z 
 , ,   , ,   , , 
a)
 x, y , z  b)  3 3 3  c)  3 3 3  d)  2 2 2

35) [CE-GATE 2009] For a scalar function

f  x, y , z   x2  3 y2  2z2
, the directional
derivative at the point P(1, 2, -1) in the direction of a vector i - j + 2k is
a) -18 b)  3 6 c) 3 6 d) 18
3 2
36) [CH-GATE 2009] the direction of largest increase of the function xy  x at the point
1,1 is
a) 3i  j b) i  3 j c)  i  3 j d)  i  3 j

37) [CE-GATE 2009] For a scalar function

f  x, y , z   x2  3 y2  2z2
, the gradient at the point P
(1,2,-1) is
a) 2i + 6 j + 4k b) 2i +12j -4k c) 2i+12j + 4k d) 56

38) [EE-GATE ’09]

  
F  x, y   x 2  xy i  y 2  xy j  . It's line integral over the straight line from
 x, y   0, 2  to  x, y   2,0 
evaluates to----
39) [EC-GATE ’09) If a vector field V is related another vector field A through V A then which
of the following is true? Note: C and S refer to any closed contour and any surface whose boundary
is C.

V dL A dS A dL V dS

a) c s c) c s

V dL A dS A dL V dS

b) c s d) c s

40) [GATE-2009] : A path AB in the form of one quarter of a circle of unit radius is as shown in fig
2
Integration of ( x  y ) on path AB traversed in CCW is
  
1 1
a) 2 b) 2 c) 2 d) 1
41) [GATE CIVIL 2010] : For the parallelogram OPQR shown in the sketch,
OP  ai  bj and OR  ci  dj . The area of the parallelogram is
a) ad-bc
b) ac + bd
c) ad + bc
d) ab - cd

A  xy aˆ x  x 2 aˆ y
A dL
42) [EC-GATE -10] If then c over the ccw path
shown in the figure is
a) 0
2
b) 3
c) 1
d) 2 3
curl u v 
2 2
43) [CH-GATE 2011] if u  y i  xy j and v  x i  xy j then is

a)
 2
 
2xy i  x  y j 2
 c)
2

xy  x i   y  3xy  j 
b)
  
2 x 2 y 2  3x 3 i  y 3  3xy 2 j
d)
 
3 xy 3  x 3 i  y 3  3x 2 y j   
44) [CH-GATE 2011] Which one of following is the directional derivative of the function

f  x, z  ln x 2  z 2 
at the point
P 4, 0, 0 
in the direction of
i  k is
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
942211-2581 2240119

i 1
a) 2 2 b) i c) 1 d) 2 2
45) [EC-GATE2011] Consider a closed surface S surrounding V done V. If r is the position vector of a
5 r nˆ ds
point side S, with n̂ the unit normal on S, the value of the integral s is
a) 3 V b)5V c)10V d) 15 V
2 2 2
46) [GATE-2012] : For the spherical surface x  y  z 1 the unit outward normal vector at the
 1 1 
 , ,0
point (  2 2  is given by
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
i j i j i j k
a) 2 2 b) 2 2 c) K d) 3 3 3
x y A  x aˆ  y aˆ  z aˆ
z is
47) [EC-GATE 13]The divergence of the vector field
48) [EE-GATE 2013]: The curl of the gradient of the scalar field defined by
V  2 x 2 y  3 y 2 z  4 z 2 x is

a) 4 xyi  6 yzj  8 zxk c) 4i  6 j  8k

b) 0 d)
4 xy  4 z i  2 x
2 2
  
 6 yz j  3 y 2  8 zx k
2 2
49) [EE-GATE2013] Given the vector field F  xy i  yzj  x k the line integral evaluated along the
segment on the x-axis from x=1 to x= 2 is------
a) -2.33 b) 0 c) 2.33 d) 7

50) [ME-GATE 2013]The following surface integral is to be evaluated over a sphere for the given steady
velocity vector field, F  xi  yj  zk defined with respect to a Cartesian coordinate system
1
4 F nˆ dA x 2  y 2  z 2 1
having i, j, and k as unit base vectors.s Where S is the sphere and
n is the outward unit normal vector to the sphere. The value of the surface integral is

3
a)  b) 2 c) 4 d) 4
51) [GATE-2014] : Which one of the following describes the relationship among three vectors
i  j  2k , 2i  3 j  k , 5i  6 j  4k
a) The vectors are mutually perpendicular c) The vectors are linearly dependent
b) Vectors are linearly independent d) The vectors are unit vectors
2 2
52) [GATE-2014] : Divergence of vector field x zi  xyi  yz k at (1,-1, 1) is
a) 0 b) 3 c) 5 d) 6
2 2 2 2 3
53) [GATE-2014] : curl of vector F ( x z )i  2 xy z  2 y z k is
3 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2
a) (4 yz  2 xy )i  2 xy zj  2 y z k c) (4 yz  2 xy )i  2 x zj  2 y zk
2 2 2 2 2 2
b) 2 xz i  4 xyzj  6 y z k d) 2 xz i  4 xyzj  6 y z k
1
( ydx  xdy) x2  y2 
54) [GATE-2014] : The integral c is evaluated along the circle 4 traversed in
CCW the integral is
  
a) 0 b) 4 c) 2 d) - 4
1
 (9 xi  3 yi).nds 2 2 2
55) [GATE-2015] : the surface integral s over the sphere given by x  y  z 9 is
----
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
942211-2581 2240119

56) [GATE-2015] :The value 

2
(3 x  8 y )dx  (4 y  6 xy )dy
c region bounded by x 0 y 0 & x  y 1
is

57) [GATE-2015] : The line integral V dr 2 2

of the vector V 2 xyzi  x zj  x yk from origin to point
P(1,1,1)
a) 1 b) 0 c) -1 d) Cannot be determined
without specifying path

58) [GATE-2015] : if a constant force F applied on object p displayed by a

distance d inclined at an angle  to the direction of force F then WD by
the force F is

F * curd F *d
a) div( f * d ) b) c) d) F * d
2 2 3
59) [GATE-2015] : Curl of vector V 2 x i  3 z j  y k at x=y=z=1
a) -3i b) 3i c) 3i - 4j d) 3i-6k
60) [GATE-2015] : A triangular facet in a CAD model has vertices: P1(0, 0, 0); P2(1, 1, 0) and P3(1,
1,1). The area of the facet is ----
a) 0.500 b) 0.707 c) 1.414 ` d) 1.732

61) [GATE-2016] : A scalar potential  has the following gradient   yzi  xzi  xyk consider the

integral  * dr 2
on the curve r  xi  yj  zk the curve is parameterized x=t y t z 3t
2

1 t 3
The value of the integral is -------
4
62) [GATE-2016] : Find where c is circle of radius  units is ----

Here and is the unit tangent vector on the curve C at an arc lengths from a
reference point on the curve . and are the basis vectors in the x- y Cartesian reference . In
evaluating the line integral the curve has to be traversed in the counter –clockwise direction.

 3x  8 y dx  4 y  6 xy dy  ,

2

63) [GATE-2016] : The value of C

Where C is the boundary of the region bounded by x =0 , y = 0 and x + y =1is    
64) [GATE-2016] : Let  be an arbitrary smooth real valued scalar function and V be an arbitrary
smooth vector valued function in a three-dimensional space. Which one of the following is an
identity?

a)
 
Curl V   DivV   c) Div Curl

V 0

b)

Div V =0 d)
 
Div V  DivV


ˆ ˆ ˆ
65) [GATE-2017] : For the vector 2 yzi  3 xzj  4 xyk , the value of
V . V
is ----
 
66) [GATE-2017] : Consider the two dimensional velocity field given by
V 5  a1 x  b1 y iˆ  4  a2 x  b2 y  ˆj
, where a1, b1,a2 and b2 are constants. Which one of the
following conditions needs to be satisfied for the flow to be incompressible?
a  b1 0
a) 1
a  b2 0 c) a2  b2 0
b) 1 d)
a2  b1 0

67) [GATE-2017] : The surface integral s F .ndS 2

over the surface S of the sphere x  y  z 9
2 2

F  x  y i   x  z i   y  z  k
where and n is the unit outward surface normal , yields -----
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Prof. Mohod Engineering Academy GATE Math Vector
942211-2581 2240119

68) [GATE-2017] : The divergence of the vector  yi  xj ----

69) [GATE-2018] : For a position vector r xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ the norm of the vector can be defined as
 
r  x2  y 2  z 2  ln r , 
, Given a function its gradient is ----
 
r  r
 r 3
 r  r
a) r b) c) r .r d)

70) [GATE-2018] : The divergence of the vector field

u e x cos yiˆ  sin yjˆ  is ----
x x x x
a) 0 b) e cos y  e sin y c) 2e cos y d) 2e sin y

r .nds
ˆ
71) [GATE- 2018] : The value of integral s over the closed surface S boundary a volume ,
 ˆ ˆ ˆ
where r xi  yj  zk is the position vector and n̂ is the normal to the surface S, is ----
a) V b) 2 V c) 3 V d) 4 V

1 d 11 c 21 c 31 33 41 a 51 c 61 726 71 c
2 d 12 b 22 d 32 c 42 c 52 c 62 16 72
3 a 13 a 23 c 33 d 43 d 53 a 63 1.65 73
4 d 14 c 24 a 34 b 44 d 54 c 64 c 74
5 c 15 c 25 d 35 b 45 d 55 216 65 0 75
6 d 16 a 26 c 36 c 46 a 56 1.666 66 b 76
7 d 17 a 27 2.5 37 b 47 3 57 a 67 226.1947 77
8 c 18 d 28 b 38 0 48 b 58 d 68 0 78
9 b 19 a 29 b 39 c 49 b 59 a 69 c 79
10 b 20 a 30 d 40 b 50 a 60 b 70 c 80