Lesson Plan No:

01
Teaching Practice: Lesson Plan Structure
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A: ROUTINE INFORMATION

Date: 09 September 2024 Day: Monday

Name of School: Phakathi High School
Njabulo Buthelezi, Samukelo Buthelezi, Asanda Dube,
Nkuthalo Dlamini, Ayanda Magubane, Luyanda Mashabane,
Student surname and name:
Asanda Mbambo, Nkosikhona Ngcobo, Bongiwe Radebe ,
Nondumiso Sthole , Asanda Zungu
222042277, 222055223 , 222042577,
216070548, 222106234, 222100409,
Student number:
222097169, 222029262, 222040421,
222059236, 222012119
Grade: 09
Subject: Economic and Management Sciences (EMS)
The Three Economic Sectors: Primary, Secondary, and
Topic:
Tertiary
Understanding the roles and importance of the Primary,
Content/ Concept Area:
Secondary, and Tertiary sectors in the economy.
CAPS page no: 21
Duration of lesson: 1 hour

B: SPECIFIC AIMS
To introduce students to the three main economic sectors: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary.
To explain the role of each sector in the economy and how they interact with one another.
To foster an inclusive learning environment that accommodates different learning needs and styles.

C: LESSON OBJECTIVES
1. KNOWLEDGE
Learners will understand the characteristics and importance of the Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
sectors.
 2. SKILLS
Learners will be able to categorize different industries into the correct economic sector.
Learners will work collaboratively in groups to discuss and present their understanding of each sector.

3. VALUES/ATTITUDES
Learners will appreciate the interconnectedness of the economic sectors and their role in economic
development.
Learners will develop respect for diverse perspectives and learning styles within their classroom.

D: APPROACH/TEACHING STRATEGY:
Utilize a combination of direct instruction, visual aids, group work, and hands-on activities to engage
all learners.
Incorporate curriculum differentiation strategies to support diverse learning needs, ensuring that all
learners are able to participate meaningfully.
Employ inclusive teaching practices by offering additional explanations, peer support, and varied
forms of assessment.

E: RESOURCES:
Visual aids (diagrams showing the flow of goods and services through the three sectors).
Audio resources (brief audio clips explaining each sector).
Kinesthetic resources (a sorting activity where students match industries to the correct sector).
Whiteboard and markers.
Printed handouts for group activities.
Projector for showing visual aids

F: LESSON PHASES:
1. INTRODUCTION
The teacher will start by asking students what they know about different types of businesses or jobs.
Use questions like, “Can anyone name some jobs that involve farming or mining?” and “What kinds of
jobs involve making products or providing services?”
Introduce the concept of economic sectors by linking it to the students' everyday experiences. For
example, say, “When you buy food from the store, did you know that the food goes through different
stages before it reaches you? Today, we’ll learn about these stages and how they are part of what we
call the economic sectors.” The teacher will begin the lesson by introducing a 1-minute video about
business sectors. https://youtu.be/H0cwor7_5w4?si=s_aWz5kYe2XpoK8S.
Clearly state the objectives of the lesson: “By the end of today’s lesson, you will be able to identify
which industries belong to each sector and understand how these sectors are interconnected.” After
learners have a clue about business sectors the teacher will ask them the following questions:
1. What is meant by business sectors?
2. Why are business sectors important?
3. What is the relationship of business sectors?
4. How does the business sector contribute to the economy?
5. By looking at this video how many business sectors do we have?

After learners have provided their responses, the teacher will then give them answers by introducing
that the lesson of today will be about business sectors.

2. DEVELOPMENT

Explain that the students will delve deeper into the three economic sectors. This will be a collaborative
exercise where they will work together to understand and explain their assigned sector.

STEP :1
The primary sector is the part of the economy that involves the extraction and production of raw
materials directly from the natural environment. This sector includes activities that are closely related
to the earth and its resources. Businesses and industries in the primary sector are typically focused on

the following:
1. Agriculture: Farming, including growing crops and raising animals for food, fiber, and other
products.
2. Fishing: Harvesting fish and other seafood from oceans, rivers, and lakes.
3. Forestry: Cutting down trees and processing them into timber and other forest products.
 4. Mining and Quarrying: Extracting minerals, metals, coal, oil, and gas from the earth.
5. Hunting and Gathering: Collecting wild plants and animals for food and other uses.
The primary sector is essential because it provides the raw materials needed for other sectors of the
economy. For example, crops and livestock raised in agriculture are sold to the secondary sector, where
they are processed into finished goods like food products. Similarly, minerals extracted through mining
are used to manufacture various goods in the secondary sector. The primary sector is usually more
prominent in less developed economies, where it often employs a larger portion of the population
compared to more developed economies, where the secondary and tertiary sectors tend to be more
dominant.

STEP: 2
The secondary sector of the economy is concerned with the processing of raw materials into finished
or semi-finished goods. This sector takes the output of the primary sector (raw materials) and
transforms them into products through manufacturing, construction, and production processes.
Key Characteristics of the Secondary Sector
1. Manufacturing: This includes factories and industries that convert raw materials into finished
products. Examples include:
o Automobile manufacturing: Converting steel, rubber, and other materials into cars.
o Textile production: Turning cotton or wool into fabric and clothing.
o Food processing: Transforming raw agricultural products like grains, meat, and

vegetables into packaged foods.

2. Construction: Building infrastructure and facilities such as houses, commercial buildings,
roads, bridges, and other structures.
3. Industrial Production: Involves heavy industries like steel mills, chemical plants, and
machinery production that convert raw materials from the primary sector into intermediate
goods or capital goods used by other industries.
4. Craft and Artisan Work: Small-scale production that often involves hand-made goods or
bespoke manufacturing processes, such as furniture making, ceramics, and artisanal crafts.
Importance of the Secondary Sector
 Economic Development: The secondary sector is crucial for economic development as it adds
 value to raw materials, leading to higher income and more employment opportunities.
 Job Creation: Manufacturing and construction provide jobs for a significant portion of the
population, especially in industrialized economies.
 Innovation and Technological Advancements: The sector drives technological advancements
and innovation through the development of new manufacturing processes and products.
 Link to Other Sectors: It serves as a bridge between the primary sector, which provides raw
materials, and the tertiary sector, which focuses on services. For example, manufactured goods
from the secondary sector are often sold and distributed by businesses in the tertiary sector.
Overall, the secondary sector plays a vital role in transforming natural resources into goods that can be
used by consumers and businesses, contributing significantly to the overall economic growth and
development of a country.
STEP: 3
The tertiary sector, also known as the service sector, is the part of the economy that provides services
rather than goods. Unlike the primary and secondary sectors, which deal with raw materials and
manufacturing, the tertiary sector is focused on delivering intangible products and services that meet
the needs of individuals and businesses.
Key Characteristics of the Tertiary Sector
1. Provision of Services: The tertiary sector encompasses a wide range of activities where
businesses provide services rather than physical products. This includes:
o Retail and Wholesale: Selling goods directly to consumers (retail) or in bulk to other
businesses (wholesale).
Examples:
o Retail Stores: Supermarkets, clothing shops, and online marketplaces.
o Wholesale Distributors: Companies that supply products in bulk to retailers or other
businesses
o Hospitality and Tourism: Providing lodging, food, and recreational services for
travelers and tourists, including hotels, restaurants, and travel agencies.
Healthcare: Offering medical services, such as hospitals, clinics, and private practices.
Examples:
o Hospitals and Clinics: Providing medical treatment and emergency care.
o Pharmacies: Dispensing medications and offering health-related advice.
o Education: Services related to teaching and learning. Providing instructional services
through schools, colleges, and universities. Examples:
o  Schools and Universities: Offering academic programs and degrees.
o  Training Centers: Providing vocational training and professional development
 o Financial Services: Banks, insurance companies, investment firms, and other financial
institutions that offer financial products and services.
Examples:
o Banks: Providing savings accounts, loans, and mortgages.
o Insurance Companies: Offering various types of insurance policies, such as health, auto,
or life insurance
o Transportation and Logistics: Moving goods and people from one place to another,
including airlines, shipping companies, and public transit systems.
Examples:
o Public Transit: Buses, trains, and subways that transport people.
o Courier Services: Delivery companies that handle the shipping of packages and
documents
o Entertainment and Media: Providing services related to entertainment, information,
and media, including television, movies, music, and publishing.
o Professional Services: Businesses that provide expert advice or specialized services,
such as law firms, accounting firms, marketing agencies, and consulting companies.
2. Intangibility: Services are intangible and cannot be stored or possessed. They are often
consumed at the point of delivery.
3. Labor Intensive: The tertiary sector is generally labor-intensive, relying heavily on human
capital to provide services.
4. Customer Interaction: Many services involve direct interaction with customers, which can

affect the quality and delivery of the service.

Importance of the Tertiary Sector
 Economic Growth: The tertiary sector is often the largest sector in developed economies,
contributing significantly to GDP and economic growth.
 Employment: It is a major source of employment, providing jobs across a wide range of skills
and qualifications.
Value Addition: By enhancing the value of products through services (e.g., customer support,
warranties), the tertiary sector adds value to both primary and secondary sectors.
 Innovation and Adaptability: The sector is highly dynamic, often at the forefront of
 technological innovations and adapting quickly to changes in consumer preferences and
technological advancements.
In summary, the tertiary sector plays a crucial role in modern economies by providing essential
services that support individuals, businesses, and other sectors of the economy. Its importance
continues to grow as economies develop and move towards more service-oriented activities.
STEP: 4
After the teacher is done with the lesson, will divide the class into three groups, each assigned to one
sector: Primary, Secondary, or Tertiary. Give each group a resource sheet with summarized
information about their sector, including key characteristics, examples of industries, and the sector's
role in the economy. Provide diagrams or charts to help students better understand their sector. These
could include flowcharts or industry examples.
Explain what their poster or presentation should include:
 A brief explanation of the sector.
 Examples of industries within that sector.
 The importance of the sector to the economy.
 Visual elements such as diagrams or pictures.

As groups begin their work, the teacher will circulate around the classroom to provide guidance and
answer questions. Offer feedback and suggestions as needed. Encourage students to assign roles
(researcher, scribe, designer, speaker) to ensure everyone is actively involved.
Provide each group with materials to create their posters, such as large sheets of paper, markers, and
images to cut out and paste. Allow groups a few minutes to finalize their posters or presentations and
practice their speaking points. Each group presents their poster or digital presentation to the class.
Encourage them to explain their sector in their own words.
After each presentation, the teacher will open the floor to brief questions or additional examples related
to the sector.

3. CONSOLIDATION/LESSON CONCLUSION

Use the group presentations to recap the key characteristics of the Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
sectors. Discuss how the sectors are interconnected. For example, explain the journey of a product
from farm (Primary) to factory (Secondary) to store (Tertiary). Distribute a worksheet where students
match various industries to the correct sector.
After completing the worksheet, have students pair up to compare answers and discuss any differences.
Lead a discussion about what students found most interesting or surprising about the different sectors.
Ask questions like, “Why do you think the Tertiary Sector is so important in our everyday lives?”
Address Misconceptions: Clarify any misunderstandings that arose during the group presentations or
individual activities.
Offer positive feedback on the group work and individual efforts, highlighting examples of good
understanding and creativity. Emphasize the value of working together and sharing perspectives.
The teacher will end the lesson by connecting today’s learning to future lessons: “Understanding these
economic sectors is just the beginning. In our future lessons, we’ll explore how businesses operate
within these sectors and how they impact our lives.”

G: LEARNER ACTIVITY

Describe the learner activity you plan to use. If you are using a worksheet, attach it to the
Lesson Plan)
H: CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED DURING PLANNING OF LESSON

Ensuring the lesson plan was accessible to all students, including those with different learning needs.
Balancing the group work so that all students could contribute equally, regardless of their abilities.

I: REFLECTION ON THE PRESENTATION OF YOUR LESSON

(Important: This section of the Lesson Plan will only be completed AFTER you have taught the
lesson to the learners)

1. What went well during the presentation of your lesson?

 Learners were participating and asking thought-provoking questions.

 Students were actively engaged in the lesson
They were asking questions and providing input based on the challenges I posed to them.

2. What challenges did you experience during the presentation of your lesson?

Some students were disruptive and chatty in the classroom, which interrupted the lesson. Most of the
learners were struggling to find examples of each sector

3. How could you improve on the presentation of your lesson?

I need to improve my classroom management skills by always giving learners an activity to keep them
engaged and prevent disruptions. Bring more resources to help the learners in need to accommodate all
students.

4. Did you experience any interesting incidents during the presentation of your lesson?

Yes, when one of my students shared a funny story related to the lesson and resulted to a moment of
laughter in the classroom. They were taking turns answering questions which made the lesson
interesting.

J: REFERENCES
 CAPS
 ATP
 Learners’ textbook
 Internet