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12.2 Social Constructionism

Basic information about social constructionism

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9 views2 pages

12.2 Social Constructionism

Basic information about social constructionism

Uploaded by

Taniya Saini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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**12.

2 Social Constructionism:**

- **Theory ladenness of observation:**


- Observations influenced by theoretical assumptions.
- Observations interpreted based on prior theories.
- Central in modern philosophy of science.
- Also found in Gestalt psychology and ecological approach to perception.

- **Gestalt psychology's explanation:**


- People see things holistically.
- Holistic perception based on prior theory.

- **Social Constructionism:**
- Reality interpreted through discourse and dialogue.
- Reality socially constructed, not by individuals.
- Originated from Peter Berger and Thomas Luckman's book.
- Initially in sociology, later linked with psychology.

- **Ken Gergen's contribution:**


- Advocated social constructionist inquiry.
- Focus on understanding processes of describing reality.
- Emphasized socially constructed processes yielding shared understandings.

- **Implications of linguistic turn:**


- Meaning viewed as contributions to continuous human endeavor.
- Views influenced by diverse philosophical, historical, and literary thought.

- **Applications of social constructionism:**


- Relevant for areas like beauty, gender, morality, etc.
- Challenges idea of socio-historically invariant concepts.

- **Founders and influences:**


- Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx.
- Influenced modern social sciences.

- **Box 12.2:**
- **Constructivism:** Individuals actively construct perception of the world.
- **Social Constructivism:** Knowledge embedded in social context.
- **Social Constructionism:** Reality constructed by language, culture, and
society.

**12.3 Cultural, Cross-Cultural, and Indigenous Psychology:**

- **Integration of culture into psychology:**


- Historical connections with neighboring disciplines.
- Recent movement towards cultural focus in psychology.

- **Evolution of cultural psychology:**


- Started from educational and developmental concerns.
- Transition from social to cultural psychology in Europe and the U.S.

- **Impact of globalization:**
- Rapid movement of people and messages.
- Homogeneous classes replaced by complex cultural interactions.

- **Cultural psychology vs. cross-cultural psychology:**


- Culture as antecedent vs. culture as way of knowing.
- Comparison vs. derivation of procedures for each culture.
- **Indigenous psychology:**
- Emphasizes cultural grounding of theory.
- Translates folk theories into formal psychological models.
- Focuses on elite populations and culture change.

- **Comparison with cultural psychology:**


- Similar goals but different methods.
- Uses standard psychological methodology and emphasizes variables.

**Box 12.3:**

- **Cross-cultural psychology:**
- Compares thoughts and behaviors across cultures.
- Aims for inclusiveness and universalism.

- **Cultural psychology:**
- Understands individuals in historical and socio-cultural context.
- Develops understanding of culture's role in shaping thoughts and behaviors.

- **Indigenous psychology:**
- Develops culturally grounded psychology.
- Focuses on meaning and significance within specific cultural contexts.

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