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Experiment 2. Lab Report - Jaxson Nosella FINAL

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Experiment 2. Lab Report - Jaxson Nosella FINAL

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vd4bfybrj5
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Experiment 2, pH and Buffer solutions

January 23rd,2024

January 28th, 2024

Jaxson Nosella 110105669

Sara Bittar

Victoria and Sanam #66


Purpose and objective:
This experiment was done in two exercises, first, we determined β values and the calculated pH

of different concentrations of phosphate buffer solutions. Second, we were given an unknown

amino acid solution which was either in fully protonated form or amino acid hydrochloride

solution (1). We then titrated the amino acid solution with 0.1 M NaOH to find pH data and

create a titration curve. From the curve and table of known amino acids, we set out to analyze

and identify our amino acid.

Results and calculations:

Tube No. #1 (1:1) #2 (1:4) #3 (4:1)

0.1 M KH2PO4 1500 600 2400

0.1 M Na2HPO4 1500 2400 600

Measured pH 8.25 8.21 8.43

Calculated pH 8.25 8.81 7.83

0.1 M NaOH 480 480 480

Measure pH 10.43 10.65 10.85

Calculated pH 10.43 11.25 10.25

Buffer capacity (β) 0.016 0.026 0.026

#1 (1:1) Calculated pH-


pH = 8.25 + log(1) = 8.25
Moles KH2PO4 = (0.003L)*(0.1M) = 0.0003
Moles Na2HPO4 = (0.003L)*(0.1M) = 0.0003
Since 1:1 pH remains at 8.25, ΔpH= 0
#2 (1:4) Calculated pH-
pH = 8.21 + log(4/1) = 8.81
Moles KH2PO4 = (0.0006L)*(0.1M) = 0.00006
Moles Na2HPO4 = (0.0024L)*(0.1M) = 0.00024
(0.1 mol/L * 0.00048L) = 0.000048 mol NaOH
Moles KH2PO4 = 0.00006 + 0.000048 = 0.000108
Moles Na2HPO4 = 0.00024 – 0.000048 = 0.000188
ΔpH= 8.81-8.21 = 0.60

#3 (4:1) Calculated pH-


pH= 8.43 + 1og(1/4) = 7.83
Moles KH2PO4 = (0.0024L)*(0.1M) = 0.00024
Moles Na2HPO4 = (0.0006L)*(0.1M) = 0.00006
(0.1 mol/L * 0.00048L) = 0.000048 mol NaOH
Moles KH2PO4 = 0.00024 – 0.000048 = 0.000188
Moles NaHPO4 = 0.00006 + 0.000048 = 0.000108
ΔpH= 8.43 – 7.83 = 0.60

#1(NaOH 1:1) Calculated pH-


pH= 10.43 + log(1) = 10.43
#2(NaOH 1:4) Calculated pH-
pH = 10.65 + log(4/1) = 11.25
#3(NaOH 4:1) Calculated pH-
pH= 10.85 +log(1/4) = 10.25

β (#1)-
β = 0.000048 mol OH-/ (0)*(0.003L)
β = 0.016
β (#2)-
β = 0.000048 mol OH-/ (0.60)* (0.003L)
β = 0.026

β (#3)-
β = 0.000048 mol OH-/ (0.60)* (0.003L)
β = 0.026

Titration curve of NaOH Vol. Vs. pH


14
12
10
8
pH

6
4
2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Vol. NaOH

Series2

First Equivalence point at 3.07pH


Half equivalence point at 1.86pH
Based on this half equivalence point where 1.86pH = 1.86 pKa and the other points at 5.96 and

9.20, checking appendix B (1) our unknown amino acid is closest to His (Histidine).

Discussion:
1. The buffer capacity is completely dependant upon the acid and conjugate base that is

present in its mixture. Meaning, the higher the concentrations of acid and base, the higher

its buffer capacity will be. When the concentrations of weak acid and conjugate base are

near the same the buffer capacity will be at its highest, the buffer has the ability to

fluctuate based on pH changes.


2. Tube #1, with it having a near equal concentration of acid to base 1:1, it will be best at

maintaining a near-constant pH.

3. When the pH of a solution increases past its pKa, the conjugate base concentration will

be greater than that of its weak base, augmenting the buffers ability to change with

additions of conjugate base. The buffer will be less proficient in handling extra weak acid

or conjugate base if the pH is lower than the pKa and the acid concentration is increased.

Meaning that the most effective range for the buffer will be the pKa + or – 1 pH unit.

4. Adding NaOH which is a strong base, should result in an increase of pH, which is also

shown in our data. Since NaOH isn’t usually a hydrogen ion acceptor, it shifts the

equilibrium of the solution which is shown through the increase in pH. This addition of

NaOH will directly impact the behaviour of the buffer solution, since its buffer capacity

is the ability to maintain during pH changes. The pH changed with the addition of NaOH

which showed that the buffers behaviour was correct in resisting large scale pH

changes.

Conclusion:

Our experiment all around was conducted well, our most prolonged issue was just simply

waiting during titration for the pH to hit 12. Exercise 1, was simply measuring pH’s and using

our know values to calculate pH changes and subsequently buffer capacity. Exercise 2, was the

titration and creation of the titration curve. After finding our equivalence points and ½ Eq points

we were able to use appendix B to cross reference our values with those of known amino acids.

For which we found our values to be closets to the COOH, NH3, and side chain of His

(Histidine). Potential sources of error vary, but most likely would be proper calibration and use

of the pH probe, moreover, limiting contamination and using proper titration technique as well.
References:

(1) Winter 2024 BIOC-2010 Organic Chemistry of Biomolecules. Exp 2. pH and Buffer
solutions. Exercise 1 and 2 introductions, appendix B, Date accessed Jan 28th, 2024.

(2) Mcfaker. (2016, January 20). How is Naoh considered a strong base does it even accept
protons?. Physics Forums: Science Discussion, Homework Help, Articles.
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/how-is-naoh-considered-a-strong-base-does-it-
even-accept-protons.733609/ Date accessed Jan 28th, 2024.

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