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INTERNATIONAL AS
PHYSICS
Unit 1 Mechanics, materials and atoms

Tuesday 7 May 2019 07:00 GMT Time allowed: 2 hours

Materials
For this paper you must have: For Examiner’s Use
• a Data and Formulae Booklet as a loose insert Question Mark
• a ruler with millimetre measurements
• a scientific calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate 1
• a protractor. 2
3
Instructions
4
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 5
• Answer all questions. 6
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
7
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
• All working must be shown. 8
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of 9
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s). 10
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked. 11
12
Information 13−26
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80. TOTAL

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Section A box

Answer all questions in this section.

0 1 An object is travelling at constant speed.

Explain how it can also be accelerating.

[3 marks]

0 2 Determine the unit of work done expressed in fundamental (base) units.

[2 marks]

2
base units of work done =

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0 3 Complete Table 1 with the charge of each particle and the name of its corresponding box

antiparticle.
[2 marks]

Table 1

Particle Charge / C Antiparticle

2
Positron

Neutron

0 4 A proton and an antiproton are travelling in opposite directions with the same speed.
They collide and annihilate.

State and explain the characteristics of the radiation produced in the annihilation.
[4 marks]

Turn over ►

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0 5 A river flows from west to east. The velocity of the current in the river varies from box

0.20 m s−1 near the banks to a maximum of 0.65 m s−1 in the middle of the river, as
shown in Figure 1. The current is always parallel to the bank.

Figure 1

A girl swims from A and aims due north. Her speed relative to the water is a constant
1.1 m s−1.

0 5 . 1 Show that the magnitude of the girl’s maximum resultant velocity is approximately
1.3 m s−1 as she swims across the river.
[2 marks]

−1
0 5 . 2 On different occasions, the girl swims in the river with a speed of 0.90 m s relative to
the water and with a variety of directions.

State the magnitude and direction of the minimum possible resultant velocity that the
girl can have.
[1 mark]

magnitude = m s−1
3
direction =

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0 6 Figure 2 shows a gymnast standing in equilibrium on a uniform beam, 3.0 m from one box

end.

Figure 2

The beam is 5.0 m long and the supports R and S are 0.50 m from each end. The
weight of the beam is 700 N. The gymnast has a weight of 470 N.

Fs is the force exerted by S on the beam.

By taking moments about X, calculate the magnitude of Fs.

[3 marks]

magnitude of Fs = N 3

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0 7 A nucleus of an isotope of radium decays to produce a β− particle, a nucleus of box

actinium and a particle X.

0 7 . 1 Identify X.
[1 mark]

0 7 . 2 State two characteristics of X that make it more difficult to detect than the β− particle.
[2 marks]

0 7 . 3 Explain why the specific charge on the actinium nucleus is greater than the specific
charge on the radium nucleus.
[2 marks]

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0 7 . 4 The nucleus of a different isotope of radium has a specific charge of box

3.784 × 107 C kg−1.

Assume that the mass of a nucleon in the nucleus is 1.661 × 10−27 kg.

Determine the number of neutrons in the radium nucleus.

proton number of radium = 88

[3 marks]

8
number of neutrons =

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0 8 An archer fires an arrow at an angle of 1.00° above the horizontal towards a target. box

The target is 25.0 m away from the point of the arrow when it is fired, as shown in
Figure 3.

The arrow hits the target 0.260 s after it is fired.

Lift force and drag force are negligible during the flight of the arrow.

Figure 3

0 8 . 1 Show that the initial vertical component of the velocity of the arrow is approximately
1.7 m s−1.
[2 marks]

0 8 . 2 The centre C of the target is at the same height as the point from which the arrow is
fired. The arrow hits the target at a point P.

Determine the vertical displacement of P relative to C.

[3 marks]

displacement of P relative to C = m 5

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0 9 In training, an athlete runs from a starting line to a wall and back towards the starting box

line as shown in Figure 4. He starts to run at time t = 0

Figure 4

Figure 5 shows how the athlete’s velocity v varies with time for the first 30 s of the
run.
Figure 5

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0 9 . 1 Determine the acceleration of the athlete at t = 16 s. box

[3 marks]

acceleration = m s−2

0 9 . 2 The athlete’s displacement from the starting line is d.

Calculate the magnitude of d at t = 20 s.

[3 marks]

d= m

Question 9 continues on the next page

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0 9 . 3 Sketch, on Figure 6, a graph to show the variation of d with t between t = 21 s and box

t = 30 s.
[3 marks]

Figure 6

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1 0 A student places a wooden block on a ramp inclined at 30° to the horizontal as shown box

in Figure 7. The block is pulled up the ramp by a light inextensible string connected,
over a frictionless pulley, to an object of mass 0.40 kg.

Figure 7

The object is initially held at rest 0.45 m above the bench.

The wooden block has a mass of 0.25 kg and is initially at rest.

1 0 . 1 The object is released and accelerates vertically downwards at 2.23 m s−2.

Explain two ways in which the momentum of the object is different from the
momentum of the wooden block during this acceleration.
[2 marks]

1 0 . 2 Calculate the tension in the string as the object accelerates.

[2 marks]

tension = N

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1 0 . 3 Show that the object is travelling at approximately 1.4 m s−1 just before it hits the box

bench.
[2 marks]

1 0 . 4 Calculate the component of the weight of the wooden block that is parallel to the
ramp.
[2 marks]

component = N

1 0 . 5 When the object hits the bench, the string becomes slack and the wooden block
decelerates and stops.
There is a constant frictional force of 1.25 N between the wooden block and the ramp.

Calculate the distance the wooden block travels parallel to the ramp as it slows down.
[3 marks]

11
distance = m

END OF SECTION A

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Section B box

Answer all questions in this section.

1 1 An engineer tests a spring for a car suspension system. The engineer measures the
original length of the spring and then places a pan and weight W on top of the spring
as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8

The engineer measures the new length of the spring each time a weight is added.
For each value of W the compression ΔL of the spring is calculated.

1 1 . 1 Table 2 shows the results of the experiment.

Table 2

W/N 50 100 150 200 250 300

ΔL / mm 5.0 7.5 9.8 12.9 15.2 17.7

Some of these data points are plotted on the grid in Figure 9.

Plot the remaining two points and draw a line of best fit.
[2 marks]

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Figure 9 box

1 1 . 2 Theory predicts that W = kΔL.

Identify the feature of the graph that shows that it does not support the theory.
[1 mark]

1 1 . 3 The graph does not support the theory because of a systematic error in the
experiment.

State a possible systematic error that can account for this.

[1 mark]

Question 11 continues on the next page

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1 1 . 4 Determine the gradient of the graph. box

State the unit for your answer.

[2 marks]

gradient =

unit =

1 1 . 5 Explain whether or not Figure 9 can be used to find an accurate value for k in the
equation W = kΔL.
[2 marks]

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1 2 Medical equipment can be sterilised using ionising radiation. Any bacteria that absorb box

the ionising radiation will be killed.

Cardboard boxes of equipment to be sterilised are put on a moving belt and passed
through a beam of ionising radiation from a point source as shown in Figure 10.

Figure 10

The boxes are 0.080 m high and the top of each box is 0.16 m below the source.

1 2 . 1 Suggest one advantage of using gamma radiation as the point source in this process.
[1 mark]

1 2 . 2 High-energy electrons that behave like β− particles can also be used as the point
source in this process.

Suggest one advantage of using high-energy electrons in this process.

[1 mark]

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1 2 . 3 One manufacturer uses gamma from a cobalt−60 source. P and Q are points box

vertically below the point source. For a new source, the gamma radiation intensity at
Q is 4.0 × 10−2 W m−2 when there is no box under the source.

Calculate the gamma radiation intensity at P.

[2 marks]

gamma radiation intensity = W m−2

Question 12 continues on the next page

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1 2 . 4 Cobalt−60 has a half-life of 5.3 years. The sterilization process is ineffective if the box

gamma ray intensity is less than 8.0 × 10−3 W m−2.

During which range of times will the intensity of the gamma radiation from the source
fall to 8.0 × 10−3 W m−2?
Tick one box.

Explain the reason for your answer.

[3 marks]

0–5.3 years

5.3–10.6 years

10.6–15.9 years

15.9–21.2 years

explanation

1 2 . 5 A different manufacturer uses high-energy electrons to sterilise the boxes of

equipment. When the boxes have passed under the source, they are turned upside
down and then passed under the source again.

Suggest why they are turned upside down and passed under the source again.
[1 mark]

END OF SECTION B

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Section C box

Each of the questions in this section is followed by four responses, A, B, C and D.

For each question select the best response.

Only one answer per question is allowed.

For each question completely fill in the circle alongside the appropriate answer.

CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS

If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.

If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select
as shown.

You may do your working in the blank space around each question but this will not be marked.
Do not use additional sheets for this working.

1 3 Which is a unit of power?

[1 mark]

2 −3
A kg m s

B kg m2 s−2

−2
C Nms

D N m−1 s−1

Turn over for the next question

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1 4 Which row shows a vector quantity and a scalar quantity? box

[1 mark]

Vector quantity Scalar quantity

A distance kinetic energy

B force displacement

C temperature charge

D momentum gravitational potential energy

1 5 The diagram shows a hinged uniform bar of length 50 cm and weight 3.7 N.

The bar is held in a horizontal position by a force F that acts at 40° to the bar.

What is F?
[1 mark]

A 2.4 N

B 2.9 N

C 4.9 N

D 5.8 N

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1 6 The diagram shows an aircraft that is descending at a steady speed and decelerating box

horizontally.

Which row shows the relationships between lift and weight and between thrust and drag?
[1 mark]

Relationship between Relationship between

lift and weight thrust and drag

A lift < weight thrust < drag

B lift < weight thrust = drag

C lift = weight thrust < drag

D lift = weight thrust = drag

Turn over for the next question

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1 7 A rocket of mass 2.0 × 106 kg has an initial vertical thrust of 3.0 × 107 N at the box

Earth’s surface.

What is the initial vertical acceleration of the rocket?

[1 mark]

−2
A 5.2 m s

B 14 m s−2

−2
C 15 m s

−2
D 25 m s

1 8 Trolleys P and Q are on a frictionless horizontal runway.

P has an initial velocity of 2 m s−1 towards Q.
Q is initially stationary.
P has a mass of m and Q has a mass of 2m.

4
P collides with Q. Immediately after the collision Q has a velocity of + m s−1.
3
What is the velocity of P immediately after the collision?
[1 mark]

2
A + m s−1
3

1
B + m s−1
3

1
C − m s−1
3

2
D − m s−1
3

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1 9 A car is in collision with a truck. The car experiences an impulse ∆p. box

When is the impulse experienced by the truck equal to −∆p?

[1 mark]

A Only when the collision is elastic.

B Only when the collision is inelastic.

C Only when the truck and the car have the same initial momentum.

D Whenever no external forces act during the collision.

2 0 An electric motor is used to lift a 120 g mass at a steady speed through a height of 0.15 m.
The efficiency of the motor is 72%.

How much energy is transferred to the motor?

[1 mark]

A 0.05 J

B 0.13 J

C 0.25 J

D 0.63 J

2 1 A ball travels at speed u before colliding with a wall.

During the collision it loses 20% of its kinetic energy.

What is the speed of the ball immediately after the collision?

[1 mark]

A 0.89u

B 0.80u

C 0.64u

D 0.36u

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2 2 A wire W has mass m, radius r and is made from a material of density ρ. box

The masses, radii and densities for four other wires are shown in the table.

Which has the same length as W?

[1 mark]

Mass Radius Density

A 2m 2r 2ρ

B 4m 2r 2ρ

C 4m 2r 4ρ

D 8m 2r 2ρ

2 3 The graph shows the variation of extension with force for four wires.

Which two wires store the same elastic strain energy at their maximum extension?
[1 mark]

A P and R

B P and S

C Q and R

D Q and S

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2 4 The half-life of a radioactive isotope is 2.0 hours. box

The count rate measured from a freshly prepared sample of the isotope is 140 counts per
minute.
The background count rate is 20 counts per minute.

What will be the measured count rate after 4.0 hours?

[1 mark]

A 30 counts per minute

B 35 counts per minute

C 50 counts per minute

D 55 counts per minute

2 5 A detector is placed 20 cm from a source of gamma rays.

The measured count rate is C.
The background count rate is B.

What measured count rate is detected 60 cm from the source?

[1 mark]

A C + 8B
9

B C + 10 B
9

C C + 2B
3

D C + 4B
3

Turn over for the next question

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2 6 The forces F1 and F2 are in a vertical plane and are maintained at 90° to the uniform bar box

shown in the diagram.

The bar has a weight of 5.0 N.

The bar will rotate anticlockwise.

After rotating by less than 90° the bar will also accelerate
[1 mark]

A downwards and to the left.

B downwards and to the right.

C upwards and to the left.

D upwards and to the right.

END OF QUESTIONS

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Copyright information

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