Topic: Computer Environment and The Computer Sub-System and Peripherals GROUP 1

Members: Dayhop, Nuel Jay, Balimbingan, Modasser, Cortez, Richard Section: I.T 1A
industrial controls, smartphones, and
Computer Environment tablets.
The user interacts with application software on a • Light Pen: Light-sensitive stylus for drawing
typical desktop computer. The application software or selecting menu options on a screen.
layer interfaces with the operating system, which 2. Scanning Devices:
communicates with the hardware. a. Read text or illustrations from paper
and translate it into a form the
The computer system consists of three parts: computer can use.
Hardware, Software, Peopleware 3. Voice-Input Devices:
1. Hardware a. Also known as speech or voice
- Physical components of a computer. recognition systems.
- Includes monitor, keyboard, storage, b. Examples: Microphones for
motherboard, etc. recording voice messages or
2. Software navigating software.
- Programs and data that run on the hardware. 4. Web Camera:
- Includes operating systems, applications, and a. Small camera for images accessed
digital media. via the internet, instant messaging,
3. Peopleware or video conferencing.
- The human aspect of computer systems. b. Can be attached to a desktop or
- Encompasses user interaction, team dynamics, built into a laptop.
and project management. Output Devices
1. Computer Display Monitor - It displays
Types of Hardware information in visual form, using text and
Input Devices: graphics. The portion of the monitor that
Allow users to enter information or control the displays the information is called the screen
system. or video display terminal.
Examples: Mouse, keyboard, touchpad, webcam, Types of Monitors and Output Devices
microphone, joystick, image scanner. 1. Monitors:
Output Devices: a. CRT Monitors: Cathode Ray Tubes, large
Display information in a human-readable form. and heavy, used with desktop PCs.
Examples: Printer, speaker, monitor, Braille b. LCD Monitors: Liquid Crystal Display,
embosser. used in laptops and now available for
Storage Devices: desktop PCs.
Store, port, and extract data files and objects. c. LED Monitors: Light Emitting Diode,
Can be internal or external. used in various electronic products for
Examples: Hard disk, DVDs, CDs, magnetic tape, displays and lighting.
flash memory (USB sticks).
2. LCD Projectors – use two polarizing sheets with
Types of Input Devices liquid crystals between them. An electric current
1. Keyboard Entry: aligns the crystals to block or allow light, acting like
a. Keyboard: The first input device for shutters.
PCs, using a 6-pin Mini-DIN 3. Printer – a device that prints text or illustrations
connector. The QWERTY layout, on paper.
patented in 1878, remains the most 4. Speakers – it is used to play sounds. They may
popular. be built into the system unit or connected with
2. Direct Entry: cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music and
a. Input that doesn’t require a hear sound effects from your computer
keyboard. 5. Headset – are hardware that connect to phones
Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices or computers, allowing hands-free talking and
Categories: listening. They are commonly used in customer
1. Pointing Devices: Move the pointer on service and technical support for multitasking.
the screen.
Mouse: A common pointing device with buttons
and scroll wheels, invented by Douglas Engelbart
in 1964.

• Touch Screen: Sensitive to touch, used in

ATMs, retail terminals, car navigation,
 ● The motherboard (also known as the
Types of Storage Devices
mainboard or system board)
1. Floppy Diskette - A removable storage medium, ● is the primary circuit board in a computer
typically 3.5 inches, storing up to 1.44 MB. The
5.25-inch floppy preceded it, storing 360 KB to 1.2 ● It connects and allows communication between
MB.
all the computer’s hardware components,
2. Compact Disc (CD) - A nonmagnetic optical disc including the CPU, RAM, storage devices, and
holding up to 700 MB of digital data. peripheral devices.
● This board is essential for the computer’s
3. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - An optical disc with
4.7 GB capacity, enough for a 133-minute movie. operation, as it allocates power and facilitates
data exchange among the components.
4. USB Flash Drive (USB) - A portable plug-and-play
storage device using flash memory, with capacities
ranging from 2GB to 32GB or more.

5. Hard Drive - The main data storage in a

computer.
Types include:
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA):
Older technology introduced in 1986.
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA):
Faster and widely used in modern desktops and
laptops.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI): Designed
for large data storage and transfer.
Solid State Drive (SSD): Uses flash memory, with
no moving parts, for faster performance.

The Computer Sub-System and Peripherals

System Unit: The main part of a microcomputer,

also known as the chassis.
Motherboard: The main circuit board that houses
the microprocessor, memory chips, and other
essential components.
Microprocessor: The central processing unit (CPU)
that performs the majority of the processing tasks

Memory Chips: Store data and instructions

temporarily or permanently.
Buses: Electrical pathways that transfer data
between components.
Ports: Interfaces for connecting external devices.
Expansion Slots and Cards: Allow additional
components and capabilities to be added to the
system.

Motherboard