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Bot 206

Course outline for BS

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41 views2 pages

Bot 206

Course outline for BS

Uploaded by

sheenamehwish5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bot-206 Cr.

3(2+1)
CELL BIOLOGY, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION / ETC.
Theory
Course Outline:
1. An introduction to morphology and functioning of cell, cellular organelles and mechanisms of
cell division, study of genes and their inheritance patterns, concept of evolution.
Course Detail:
1. Cell Biology:
Structures and brief introduction of biomolecules, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
2. Cell:
Physico-chemical nature of plasma membrane and cytoplasm. ultrastructure of plant cell with a
brief description and functions of the following organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum, Plastids,
Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Dictyosomes, Vacuole, Microbodies (Glyoxysomes and
Peroxisomes)
3. Nucleus:
Nuclear membrane, nucleolus, ultrastructure and morphology of chromosomes, karyotype
analysis; Reproduction in somatic and embryogenic cell; Mitosis and meiosis; Cell cycle;
Chromosomal aberrations; Changes in the number of chromosomes, aneuploidy and euploidy;
Changes in the structure of chromosomes, deletion, duplication, inversion and translocation,
special types of chromosomes, Chromosome systems (parthenogenesis and apomixis).
4. Genetics and Evolution:
Introduction, scope and brief history of genetics, Mendelian inheritance; Laws of segregation and
independent assortment, back cross, test cross; Dominance and incomplete dominance; Sexlinked
inheritance, Sex Linkage in Drosophila and Man (Color blindness), XO, XY, WZmechanisms,
Sex limited and sex linked characters, Sex determination. linkage and crossing over;;
Recombination; DNA replication; Nature of gene, Genetic code; Transcription, Translation;
Regulation of gene expression (e.g. lac operon); Transmission of genetic material in bacteria;
conjugation and gene recombination in co-transduction and transformation; Principles of genetic
engineering. The process and concept of evolution.
Practicals:
Cell Biology
1. Study of cell structure using compound microscope
2. Elucidation of ultrastructure of cell from electron microphotographs
3. Measurement of cell size
4. Study of mitosis and meiosis by smear/squash method and from prepared slides
5. Study of chromosome morphology
6. Study of variation in chromosome number
7. Extraction and estimation of carbohydrates
8. Extraction and estimation of proteins
9. Extraction and estimation of RNA and DNA from plant material.
Genetics:
1. Genetic problems related to transmission and distribution of genetic material
2. Identification of DNA in plant material (carmine/ orcein staining)
3. Study of salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila.
Teaching-Learning Strategies
Teaching will be a combination of class lectures, class discussions, and group work. Short
videos/films will be shown on occasion.
Assignments
The sessional work will be a combination of written assignments, class quizzes, presentation,
and class participation/attendance.
Assessments and Examination
Sessional Work: 25 marks
Midterm Exam: 35 marks
Final Exam: 40 marks
1
Recommended Readings:
1. A. Bretscher (2007). Molecular Cell Biology. W. H. Freeman and Company
2. R. F. Weaver (2008). Molecular Biology. McGraw Hill, St. Louis.
3. J. F. Griffiths, J. H. Miller, D. T. Suzuki, R. C. Lewontin, and W. M. Gelbart (2010). An
Introduction to Genetic Analysis. W.H. Freeman and Company.
4. U. Sinha, and S. Sinha (2003) Cytogenesis, Plant Breeding and Evolution. Vini Educational
Books, New Delhi.
5. M. V. Strickberger (2003). Genetics. MacMillan Press Ltd., London.
6. G. Karp (2002). Cell and Molecular Biology. Concepts and Experiments. (4th Ed.), John Wiley
and Sons. New York.
7. P. M. Gilmartin, and C. Bowler (2002). Molecular Plant Biology. (Vol. 1 & 2). Oxford
University Press. UK.
8. S. B. Carroll, J. K. Grenier, and S. D. Velnerbee (2001). From DNA to Diversity—Molecular
Genetics and the Evolution of Aminal Design. Blackwell Science.
9. A. R. Hoelzel (2001). Conservation Genetics. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
10. H. Lodish (2001). Molecular Cell Biology. W.H. Freeman and Company.
11. V. R. Dyonsager (2000). Cytology and Genetics. (3rd Ed.), TATA and McGraw Hill
Publication Co. Ltd, New Delhi.

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