AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The primary objective of information technology is not only to empower

the student with the basic computer skills essential for day-to-day living
but also to transmit the beauty and relevance of computers as a discipline.
To find the ideal teaching methodology for effective computer learning is
a daunting task and a subject of extensive research. However, some
methods which should be practiced are:
 Emphasis on concept formation
 Developing problem solving skills
 Basic Computational Concepts
 Developing System Applications
 Visualization of concepts through technology
 Computer based activities
 Develop Computational thinking
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

The studying of Computers at the school stage should help the learner to:
 Acquire knowledge and critical understanding of basic facts concepts,
terms principles and symbols and mastery of underlying processes and
skills.
 Apply the knowledge and skills acquired to solve problems.
 Develop a positive attitude to think, analyze and articulate logically.
 Develop interest in the subject by participating in related competitions
 Develop necessary skills to work with modern technological devices
such as calculators and computers.
 Use testing strategies to identify and correct semantic errors in
programs.
 Gain access to methods and tools of communication online.
 Have sound design principles and programming aptitude.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.No. TOPICS PAGE NO.

Chapter 1 - Data Representation:

Introduction to number systems

 Number System

 Different Types of

Number System

 Decimal Number

System

 Binary Number

System

 Hexadecimal Number 2-27

System

 Conversion of Number

Systems

 Binary to Decimal

Number System

 Binary to

Hexadecimal Number

System

 Decimal to Binary

Number System
  Decimal to

Hexadecimal Number

System

 Hexadecimal to

Binary Number

System

 Hexadecimal to

Decimal Number

System

 Addition of Binary

Number Systems

 Subtraction of Binary

Number Systems

Chapter- 2 Presentations using MS

PowerPoint and Canva

MS PowerPoint

 Understand what a

presentation is

 Create a presentation using a

text file

 Use a master slide to place

objects

 Apply slide layout

2 28-
 Insert a new slide

 Insert a table

 Change table style

 Insert a Picture

 Insert a Video clip

 Insert a Sound Clip

 Create a bulleted List

 Create a numbered List

 Move a slide

 Delete a new slide

  Apply Animation between

slides

 Insert and edit objects on a

slide

 Apply transitions between

slides

 Apply animation effects

 Display a presentation

 Print a presentation

Canva

 Understand the use of Canva

 Window of Canva

 Components of Canva

 Templates of Canva

 Create a presentation

 Change Text

 Saving the presentation

 Chapter- 1 Data Representation: Introduction to
number systems

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Learners will be able to gain knowledge about:

 Number System

 Different Types of Number System

 Decimal Number System

 Binary Number System

 Hexadecimal Number System

 Conversion of Number Systems

 Binary to Decimal Number System

 Binary to Hexadecimal Number System

 Decimal to Binary Number System

 Decimal to Hexadecimal Number System

 Hexadecimal to Binary Number System

 Hexadecimal to Decimal Number System

 Addition of Binary Number Systems

 Subtraction of Binary Number Systems

 Number System in Computer
The most commonly used number system is the binary
system, also known as the base-2 number system. The
binary system uses only two digits, 0 and 1, to represent all
numbers and data.

Binary numbers are used extensively in digital electronics

and computing because it is easy to represent those using
switches, where 0 represents "off" and 1 represents "on."
This makes it possible to store and manipulate data
electronically using digital circuits.

These systems are often used for representing and

manipulating large binary numbers or for expressing memory
addresses in a compact and easy-to-read format. Computer
programs and programming languages use number system
concepts to perform arithmetic operations, store data, and
communicate with hardware devices.

Types of the Number System in Computer

There are mainly four types of the number system in
computer

 Binary Number System:

The binary number system is the most fundamental number
system used in computer science. It uses only two digits, 0
and 1, to represent all numbers and data.
 Decimal Number System:
The decimal number system is also used in computer
science, but it is not as fundamental as the binary system. It
uses ten digits, 0 through 9, to represent numbers.

 Octal Number System:

The octal number system uses eight digits, 0 through 7, to
represent numbers. It is commonly used in computer
programming and digital electronics.

 Hexadecimal Number System:

The hexadecimal number system uses 16 digits, including 0
through 9 and A through F, to represent numbers. It is often
used in computer programming and digital electronics.

HEXADECIMAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

DECIMAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Conversions in Number System
1 Decimal to Binary Number System
2 Binary to Decimal Number System
3 Decimal to Hexadecimal Number System
4 Hexadecimal to decimal Number System

1 Decimal to Binary Number System

How to Convert 69 in Binary?

Step 1: Divide 69 by 2. Use the integer quotient obtained in this step as

the dividend for the next step. Repeat the process until the quotient
becomes 0.

Dividend Remainder

69/2 = 34 1

34/2 = 17 0

17/2 = 8 1

8/2 = 4 0

4/2 = 2 0

2/2 = 1 0

1/2 = 0 1

Step 2: Write the remainder from bottom to top i.e. in the reverse
chronological order. This will give the binary equivalent of 69.

Therefore, the binary equivalent of decimal number 69 is 1000101.

2 Binary to Decimal Number System
3 Decimal to Hexadecimal Number System

Method for Decimal to Hexadecimal Number System

Conversion:
Let us follow the steps to convert a decimal number in
hexadecimal. Then we will have decimal to hexadecimal
example.

Step-1: First, divide the given number by 16.

Step-2: The remainder left here, will produce the hex value.

Step-3: Take the quotient from above and repeat steps 1-3 till
quotient becomes 0.

Step-4: Write all the remainders in reverse order. This will be the
Hexadecimal converted value.
Example: Convert 5386 to a hexadecimal number.

Decimal to Hexadecimal Example Problems

Problem 1: Convert decimal number 49 into hexadecimal.
Solution: Let us create a table to solve the problem.
Divide by 16 Quotient Remainder Hex Value

49 ÷ 16 3 1 1

3 ÷ 16 0 3 3

Therefore, 4910 = 3116.

Problem 2: Convert 122810 into hex.

Solution:
Divide by 16 Quotient Remainder Hex Value

1228 ÷ 16 76 12 C

76 ÷ 16 4 12 C

4 ÷ 16 0 4 4

Therefore, 122810 = 4CC16

Problem 3: Convert 60010 into a hexadecimal number.
Solution:
Divide by 16 Quotient Remainder Hex Value

600 ÷ 16 37 8 8

37 ÷ 16 2 5 5

2 ÷ 16 0 2 2

Therefore, 60010 = 25816

4 Hexadecimal to Decimal Number System

How to Convert Hexadecimal to Decimal?

The conversion of hexadecimal to decimal is done by using the

base number 16. To convert a number from hexadecimal to
decimal form:

 Step 1: Write the decimal equivalent of each digit of the

number in hexadecimal form (from the above table)
 Step 2: Multiply the digits from right to left with exponents of
160, 161, 162, ... in order starting from the right most digit.
 Step 3: Then add all the products. The resultant sum is the
number in the decimal system.

The hexadecimal digit is expanded to multiply each digit with the

power of 16. The power starts at 0 from the right moving forward
towards the right with the increase in power. For the conversion
to complete, the multiplied numbers are added.

Decimal Number = dn-1 × 16r-1+....+ d2 × 162 + d1 × 161 + d0 ×

160.

Where,

 n = the number of digits.

 r = placement of the digit (from the right side starting from r =
0)

Let us look at an example to understand this better.

For example: Convert hexadecimal number (25)16 to its decimal

form.

(25)16 = 2 × 161 + 5 × 160

= 2 × 16 + 5 × 1

= 32 + 5

= 37

Therefore, (25)16 = (37)10.

Example 1: Convert (5BC)16 into the decimal system.

Solution:

To find: (5BC)16 in the decimal system

In Hexadecimal system,

5=5

B = 11

C = 12

Using hexadecimal to decimal formula,

(5BC)16 = ( 5 × 162 + 11 × 161 + 12 × 160 )

= 5 × 256 + 11 × 16 + 12× 1

= (1468)10

Answer: Therefore, (5BC)16 =(1468)10

Example 2: Convert the following number from hex to

decimal: 8CF.

Solution:

To find: 8CF (hex) in Decimal

In the Hexadecimal system,

8=8

C = 12

F = 14

Using hex to decimal formula,

 (8CF)16= ( 8 × 162 + 12 × 161 + 15 × 160 )

= 8 × 256 + 12 × 16 + 15 × 1

= (2255)10

Answer: Therefore, (8CF)16 = (2255)10.

Example 3: Convert 1D9 (hexadecimal) to decimal.

Solution:

To find: 1D9 (hexadecimal) in Decimal

In the Hexadecimal system,

1=1

D = 13

9=9

(1D9)16= ( 1 × 162 + 13 × 161 + 9 × 160 )

= 1 × 256 + 13 × 16 + 9 × 1

= (473)10

Answer: Therefore, (1D9)16 = (473)10.

Binary Addition

Rules of Binary Addition

Binary addition is much easier than the decimal addition when
you remember the following tricks or rules. Using these rules,
any binary number can be easily added. The four rules of
binary addition are:

 0+0=0
 0+1=1
 1+0=1
 1 + 1 =10
How to Do Binary Addition?
Now, look at the example of the binary addition: 101 + 101
Procedure for Binary Addition of Numbers:
101
(+) 101

 Step 1: First consider the 1’s column, and add the one’s
column,( 1+1 ) and it gives the result 10 as per the
condition of binary addition.
 Step 2: Now, leave the 0 in the one’s column and carry
the value 1 to the 10’s column.
1
101
(+) 101
————–
0

 Step 3: Now add 10’s place, 1+( 0 + 0 ) = 1. So, nothing

carries to the 100’s place and leave the value 1 in the 10’s
place
1
101
(+) 101
————-
10

 Step 4: Now add the 100’s place ( 1 + 1 ) = 10. Leave the

value 0 in the 100’s place and carries 1 to the 1000’s
place.
1
101
(+) 101
————-
1010
So, the resultant of the addition operation is 1010.
When you cross-check the binary value with the decimal value,
the resultant value should be the same.
The binary value 101 is equal to the decimal value 5
So, 5 + 5 = 10
The decimal number 10 is equal to the binary number 1010.

Binary Addition Table

The table of adding two binary numbers 0 and 1 is given below:

x y x+y

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0 (where 1 is carried over)

You can see from the above table, x and y are the two binary
numbers. So when we give the input for x = 0 and y = 0, then
the output is equal to 0. When x = 0 or 1 and y = 1 or 0, then
x+y = 1. But when both x and y are equal to 1, then their
addition equals to 0, but the carryover number will equal to 1,
which means basically 1 + 1 = 10 in binary addition, where 1 is
carry forwarded to the next digit.

Examples of Binary Addition

A few examples of binary additions are as follows:
Example 1: 10001 + 11101
Solution:
1
10001
(+) 1 1 1 0 1
———————–
101110
Example 2: 10111 + 110001
Solution:
111
10111
(+) 1 1 0 0 0 1
———————–
1001000
Binary Subtraction

Binary Subtraction Rules

Rules and tricks: Binary subtraction is much easier than the
decimal subtraction when you remember the following rules:

0–0=0
 0 – 1 = 1 ( with a borrow of 1)

 1 – 0 = 1

 1 – 1 = 0

Now, look at the example of the binary subtraction: 101 from

1010

How to Subtract Binary Numbers?

Learn how to do binary subtraction using the example: 1010 –
101

Procedure to do Binary Subtraction:

1010
(-) 101
Step 1: First consider the 1’s column, and subtract the one’s
column,( 0 – 1 ) and it gives the result 1 as per the condition of
binary subtraction with a borrow of 1 from the 10’s place.
Step 2: After borrowing 1 from the 10’s column, the value 1 in
the 10’s column is changed into the value 0
1 Borrow
1010
(-) 1 0 1
——————
1
Step 3: So, subtract the value in the 10’s place, ( 0 – 0 ) = 0.
1 Borrow
1010
(-) 1 0 1
——————
01
Step 4: Now subtract the values in 100’s place. Borrow 1 from
the 1000’s place ( 0 – 1 ) = 1.
1 1 Borrow
1010
(-) 1 0 1
——————
0101
So, the resultant of the subtraction operation is 0101.
When you cross-check the binary subtraction resultant value
with the decimal value, the resultant value should be the same.
The binary value 1010 is equal to the decimal value 10, and
101 is equivalent to 5
So, 10 – 5 = 5
Therefore, the decimal number 5 is equal to the binary number
0101.

Binary Subtraction Examples

Consider other examples of binary subtractions are as follows:
Example 1: 0011010 – 001100
Solution:
1 1 Borrow
0011010
(-) 0 0 1 1 0 0
——————
0001110
Decimal Equivalent :
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 = 26
0 0 1 1 0 0 = 12
Therefore, 26 – 12 = 14
The binary resultant 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 is equivalent to 14.
Example 2: 0100010 – 0001010
Solution:
1 1 Borrow
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 = 3410
(-) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 = 1010
——————
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 = 2410
 A. State True (T) or False (F):
1) Binary number system is not used in computers.
2) 4+3 in Octal is same as 4+3 in hexadecimal.
3) Decimal number system is used to represent digits from 0 to 15.
4) While converting from binary to octal you need to form groups consisting of 4 digits from
right to left.
5) Hexadecimal numbers cannot be added.
B. Fill in the Blanks with correct words:
Octal 13 9 base 16
1) The base of hexadecimal number is ____________________ .
2) The hexadecimal equivalent of D is _____________________.
3) Digits from 0 to 7 are used with ____________________ number system.
4) The largest possible digits in decimal number system are____________________.
5) The number of digits in decimal number system are_________________________.

C. Convert the following:

A) 4610 to base 2 B) 47910 to base 8

C) 256010 to base 16 D) 734910 to base 8

D. Convert the following:

A) 101110112 to base 10 B) 47658 to base 10

C) AB1F16 to base 10 D) DA0FF16 to base 10

Practice Problems
1. Convert the decimal number 1542 to the hexadecimal number.

2. What is the hexadecimal equivalent of the decimal number (175)10?

3. Convert the following decimal numbers to hex.

(i) 205

(ii) 450

(iii) 199

(iv) 3000

4. Perform the binary subtraction: 111001 – 101011

5. Subtract 1000 from 1111.

6. What is the value of (1110110)2 − (1010111)2?

 Chapter- 2 Presentations using MS PowerPoint
and Canva

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Learners will be able to gain knowledge about:

MS PowerPoint
 Understand what a presentation is

 Create a presentation using a text file

 Use a master slide to place objects

 Apply slide layout

 Insert a new slide

 Insert a table

 Change table style

 Insert a Picture

 Insert a Video clip

 Insert a Sound Clip

 Create a bulleted List

 Create a numbered List

 Move a slide

 Delete a new slide

 Apply Animation between slides

 Insert and edit objects on a slide

 Apply transitions between slides

 Apply animation effects

 Display a presentation

 Print a presentation

Canva
 Understand the use of Canva
 Window of Canva

 Components of Canva

 Templates of Canva

 Create a presentation

 Change Text

 Saving the presentation

What is a presentation?
Presentation Software allows you to display information in the form of
an electronic slide show. Slides in a slideshow, can contain text,
images, clipart, graphical representations of data (charts), audio,
animation and video as well as links to external sources and other
items.

Create a presentation using a text file

Importing Text to Create Slides –How to do it

Difference between Master Slide View and Normal Slide View Text
Opening and Closing the Master Slide –How to do it
Adding Slide Numbers and Dates to the Master Slide–

How to do it
Adding Shapes to the Master Slide–How to do it
Changing Background Colour on the Master Slide–How to do it
Adding Clip Art Images to the Master Slide–How to do it
Adding Images from your computer to the Master Slide–

How to do it
Changing Text Styles on the Master Slide–How to do it
Adding Footers to the Master Slide–How to do it
Adding New Slide–How to do it
Adding Bullet Points to Individual Slides–How to do it
Adding Images to Individual Slides–How to do it
Adding Animation Effects to Slide objects–How to do it
Setting Transitions between Slides–How to do it

Printing Slides–How to do it