PROFESSIONAL

ETHICS,JURISPRUDENCE,
AND CULTURAL
SENSITIVITY
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS INTERNATIONAL CODE OF ETHICS
-principles that govern the behavior of a
person or group in a business environment - Given by World Medical Association
- It codifies the duties of physician in general,
ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF MEDICAL ETHICS duties to patients and colleagues
HIPPOCRATIC OATH HEMODIALYSIS

- One of the earliest document in medical - Follows Nuremburg Code

ethics (5th Century BC) - The right of patient to withdraw dialysis
- The Oath states the professional treatment
conduct and obligations of doctors
- Considered sacred for its religious MORAL REASONING
foundation and sanctity • Applies critical analysis to specific events to
determine what is right or wrong, and what people
‘’I swear by Apollo Healer, by Asclepius, by Hygieia, brought to do in a particular situation
by Panacea, and by all the gods and goddesses,
making them my witnesses, that I will carry out, PERSONAL BEHAVIOR STANDARD
according to my ability and judgment, this oath and • A set of ideas, beliefs and behaviors
this indenture.” that we decided to live by

NUREMBERG CODE COMPETENCE

• The set of demonstrable characteristics and
- German: Nürnberger Kodex (1947) skills that enable, and improve the efficiency
or performance of a job
"The voluntary consent of the human
subject is absolutely essential," making STANDARD OF PRACTICE
it clear that subjects should give consent • Something such a s a procedure is normal
and that the benefits of research must practice or standard practice, it is the usual
outweigh the risks.” thing that is done in a particular situation

ETHICAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

DECLARATION OF GENEVA
NATURE OF ETHICS
- Adopted at World Medical Association’s (WMA)
• It refers to the normative standards of behaviour
General Assembly in 1948
pertaining to the ideal code of conduct of human
- Declaration of physicians’ dedication to the
beings
humanitarian goals of medicine
• It also cannot be associated with the influence of
- Amended in 1968, 1983, 1994, 2005 and 2006
religion.
• Ethics is like a common rule which is applicable to
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS everybody irrespective of his/her religion

- Proclaimed by the United Nations General ETHICAL VALUES

Assembly in Paris on December 10, 1948 (General • Denotes the degree of importance
Assembly Resolution 217 A) as a common standard of some thing or action, with the
of achievements for all peoples and all nations aim of determining what actions
- A historic document which outlined the rights are best to do or what way is best
and freedoms everyone is entitled to. It was the to live, or to describe the
first international agreement on the basic significance of different actions.
principles of human rights.

DECLARATION OF HELSINKI

- Formal statement of ethical principles published

by the World Medical Association (WMA) in 1964 to
guide the protection of human participants in
medical research.

“The well-being of the human subject should take

HEALTH ETHICS
precedence over the interests of science and
• It is the application of the core principles of bioethics
society”
to medical and health care decisions.
• It is a multidisciplinary lens through which to view
ROE V. WADE, 410 U.S. 113 complex issues and make recommendations regarding a
course of action.
- A person may choose to have an abortion until a
fetus becomes viable, based on the right to privacy PROFESSIONALISM AND ETIQUETTE
contained in the Due Process Clause of the • An unwritten code of conduct regarding the
Fourteenth Amendment interactions among the members in a business setting.
• When proper professional etiquette is used, all
involved are able to feel more comfortable, and things
tend to flow more smoothly
 PROFESSIONAL
ETHICS,JURISPRUDENCE,
AND CULTURAL
CODE OF ETHICS
A guide by which radiographers/radiologic SENSITIVITY
technologist should educate the professional
Section 4. They should observe punctuality
conduct as it related to patient, healthcare,
and keep
consumers, employer, and health professionals.
appointments, particularly in the discharge of
their duties with patients/clients.
BOARD OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS FOR Section 5. They should avoid instances where
RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS AND X-RAY their personal interest and financial gains will
TECHNOLOGISTS be in conflict with those of their patients/
clients, colleagues or employers.
ARTICLE |. RELATION WITH THE STATE AND SOCIETY
Section 6. They should at all times perform
Section 1. Radiologic technologists and X-ray their tasks with honor and dignity and should
technologists should be aware of the supreme authority of be fair and impartial to all.
the state and should adhere to the Constitution, R.A. No. 7431
and other laws, the rules and regulations promulgated Section 7. They should at all times keep their
pursuant to such laws. reputation above reproach and conduct
themselves with proper decorum to gain
Section 2. They should, above all, consider the welfare and public esteem and respect for the profession.
well-being of the public and the interest of the state. welfare
of the community Section 8. They should at all times strive to
enhance professional growth through
Section 3. They are encouraged to involve themselves in civic continuing education and subscriptions for
affairs and cooperate with other organizations to promote professional journals.
the growth and
welfare of the community Section 9. They should not degrade the
reputation, competence, and capability of a
ARTICLE ||. RELATION WITH PATIENTS/CLIENTS colleague to aggrandize themselves.

Section 1. Patients/clients are the focus in the practice of Section 10. They should encourage and
Radiologic Technology and X-Ray Technology. Hence, provide opportunities for professional
Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray Technologists must at development and advancement of their
all times act with dignity and sincerity and must express colleague.
genuine concern in the discharge of their work.
Section 11. They should adhere to the
Section 2. They should keep in confidence any data or principles of due process and equality of
findings obtained in the performance of their duty. opportunity in peer relationship and personnel
Disclosure, if warranted, should be done by the actions.
Radiologists concerned
Section 12. They should align personal
Section 3. They should not discriminate against anybody philosophies and attitudes with those of the
and should attend to all patients/clients regardless of institutions they serve
creed, race, belief, or political affiliation.
Section 13. They should help to create and
Section 4. They should provide the highest level of maintain conditions under which scholarship
technical knowhow in the performance of their work, can exist, like freedom of inquiry, thoughts
employing courtesy, empathy, compassion, and privacy to and expressions.
the patient/ client and his family. They should try to
perform the examination within reasonable time to avoid Section 14. They should be receptive to new
the risk of repetition to minimize the radiation exposure to ideas, knowledge, and innovations that
the patient. contribute to the development and growth of
the profession.
ARTICLE |||. RELATION WITH OTHER ALLIED PROFESSION
ARTICLE |V. RELATION TO AGENCY
Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray
Technologists should bear in mind that their profession is a Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-
public trust, and that they at all times maintain and uphold the Ray Technologists should assist in the
dignity and integrity of their profession and protect it from improvement of governmental Agencies’
misinterpretation. functions and the lightening of their
patient’s work load.
Section 2. They should not directly or indirectly assist in
any unauthorized practices of the profession. They should Section 2. They should be vigilant in the
report any violations of R.A. 7431, the rules and regulations and protection of equipment and materials
this Code of Ethics for registered Radiologic Technologists and needed to perform their duties.
X-Ray Technologists to the Board of Radiologic Technology
Section 3. They should perform the tasks
Section 3. They should share information and experiences with assigned them by their governmental
their fellow paramedical professionals, participate, and be agency employer in good faith and to the
active members of the accredited association of Radiologic best of their abilities utilizing their
Technologists and X-ray Technologists. Schools and Colleges technical skills and diligence, particularly
with courses on Radiologic Technology and X-Ray Technology in instances where the patients safety
should be encouraged to conduct research to enhance the maybe jeopardized by their neglect.
growthand advancement of the profession.
 PROFESSIONAL
ETHICS,JURISPRUDENCE,
AND CULTURAL
SENSITIVITY
Section 4. They should help promote, support, assist, Section 5. They shall advocate the best interests
and establish goodwill and camaraderie towards their and safety of the patients as well as of the entire
peer employees in the paramedical professions. health care team by ensuring that the radiation
exposure is kept at a minimal.
ARTICLE V. RELATIONSHIP WITH ONESELF
Section 6. They shall uphold the principle of
Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-Ray informed consent.
Technologists should always be honest, dependable,
levelheaded, and morally upright. Section 7. They shall hold in confidence all
information obtained in the course of their
Section 2. It is incumbent for them to provide for their professional practice and shall only disclose such
professional growth through continuing education, information in accordance with the law
attendance in seminars or subscriptions for andprinciples of medical ethics.
professional journals and research materials.
Section 8. They shall only provide services for which
Section 3. They should be entitled to a just and fair they are qualified by virtue of their education,
compensation for services rendered. training and experience.

Section 4. They should not allow their names to

be advertised by any person or organization,
Article |||. Responsibility to Colleagues, Allied
unless they are employed therein. Health Professionals and Health Institutions

REVISED CODE OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-ray

FOR RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST AND Technologists shall take diligent care of the
X-RAY TECHNOLOGISTS radiologic equipment/modalities that are assigned to
them and shall make use of them appropriately and
ARTICLE |. RESPONSIBILITY TO PUBLIC effectively according to the accepted standards of
practice.
Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-ray
Technologists shall acknowledge the supreme authority Section 2. They shall show respect and support to
of the Philippine Government and shall adhere to the their colleagues and other members of the
Philippine Constitution, Republic Act No. 8981, healthcare team.
otherwise known as the PRC Modernization Act of 2000,
Republic Act No. 7431, or the Radiologic Technology Act Section 3. They shall apply sound judgment in the
of 1992, other pertinent laws as wel as the exercise of their profession and assume
implementing rules and regulations promulgated responsibility for their own decision/s.
pursuant to such laws.
Section 4. They shall assist the radiologist and
Section 2. They shall promote public interest and referring physician in the administration of
welfare at al times. radiologic procedures for the diagnostic and
therapeutic management of patients.
Section 3. They shall observe the highest standards of
competence and ethics ni the practice of the Section 5. They shall recognize that interpretation
profession. and diagnosis of radiologic procedures are beyond
the scope of their professional practice.
Section 4. They shall be involved ni civic affairs by
participating ni the activities of relevant organizations Section 6. They shall NOT, directly or indirectly,
to enhance their well-being and that of their assist, tolerate, aid or abet any unauthorized
community. practice of the profession.

Section 5. They shall commit to serve their fellow men, Section 7. They shall report ot hte Professional
with justice, good faith and respect for human rights. Regulatory Board of Radiologic Technology or other
appropriate authorities, any violation of Republic Act
ARTICLE ||. RESPONSIBILITY TO PATIENTS No. 8981, Republic Act No. 7431, their implementing
rules and regulations, and this Code of Professional
Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-ray Ethics.
Technologists shall provide patient care in accordance
with the accepted professional and ethical standards. Section 8. They shall keep their reputation above
reproach and shall maintain proper decorum in al
Section 2. They shall respect the dignity, privacy and their actuations to gain public esteem and respect
right to self-determination of the patients. for the profession.

Section 3. They shall provide patient care, without Section 9. They shall NOT debase or demean the
discrimination, by reason of age, race, creed, sex, reputation, competence, and capability of a
socio-economic status, religious or political belief or colleague to aggrandize themselves.
nature of disease/ illness.

Section 4. They shall possess such degree of technical

knowledge and skills, reflective of their competence in
the field.
 PROFESSIONAL
ETHICS,JURISPRUDENCE,
AND CULTURAL
SENSITIVITY

ARTICLE |V. RESPONSIBILITY TO SELF

Section 1. Radiologic Technologists and X-ray

Technologists shall endeavor to undertake activities
that will foster their professional development, which
shall include pursuing Continuing Professional
Education and Development (CPE/CPD), to upgrade the
standard of their practice as radiologic technologists
and x-ray technologists.

Section .2 They shall take active part in relevant

activities organized by professional organizations/
societies.

Section 3. They shall share acquired knowledge and

skills on the latest practices and procedures related to
radiologic technology or xray technology to their
colleagues and other health professionals.

Section 4. They shall not render professional service

under the influence of alcohol, drugs, other similar
substance or under any condition that might
compromise the effective delivery of health care
service to the patient.

Section 5. They shall avoid conflict of interest or any

action that might discredit the profession.

Section 6. They shall be entitled to a just and fair

compensation for services rendered.

Section 7. They shall not allow their names or

Certificates of Registration to be advertised or used by
any person or organization, unless with their written
consent.