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Lesson 3 Earthquake

grade 10 earthquake lesson

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44 views17 pages

Lesson 3 Earthquake

grade 10 earthquake lesson

Uploaded by

seresa.anonimouslydumb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1:

LESSON 3:
EARTHQUAKE
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

•Describe the different parts and types of


fault.
•Explain the different earthquake hazards.
•Recognize the importance of disaster
preparedness during earthquakes.
☼a natural phenomena that is
characterized by a sudden, violent
shifting of massive plates underneath
Earth’s surface.
• The hypocenter is the
starting point of
fracturing rocks, and it is
the actual point where
earthquakes begin.

The epicenter is the


point on a planet’s
surface that is directly
above the hypocenter
(focus).
FAULT- fracture
• Fault plane- a flat surface that
may appear vertical or sloping.
• Fault trace- the line makes on
Earth’s surface.
• Where the fault plane is sloping,
the upper side is the hanging
wall and the lower side is the
footwall.
• Fault scarp- a small step or
offset on the ground surface
where one side of a fault has
moved vertically with respect to
the other.
Types of Fault
Normal faults- form
when hanging wall
drops.

- The forces that create a


normal faults are pulling
the sides of the
adjacent blocks apart.
Types of Fault
Reverse fault- form
when hanging wall
moves up.

- It is also called as dip-


slip fault because their
movement occurs
along the dip direction.
Types of Fault
Strike-slip faults-
faults that move
sideways.

-The fault plane is


usually vertical so
there is no hanging
wall or footwall.
SEISMIC WAVES
• The vibration that you feel during earthquake is caused
by seismic waves.
• Each earthquake generates three different types of
seismic waves.
1. Primary waves (P- waves) – compress and pull rocks in
a particular direction along which the waves are
traveling.
2. Secondary waves (S- waves)- causes rocks to move at
right angles, in relation to the direction of wave.
3. Surface wave- which move in two direction as they
pass through the a rock.
How are earthquakes measured?
What is a seismograph
-It is a device that measures the
magnitude of an earthquake by first Seismogram
sensing and recording the seismic
wave generated, producing a
seismogram.
What is a seismogram
-Is a visual record of earthquake,
characterized by the squiggly line
often depicted in the news.
THE RICHTER SCALE
• To describe magnitude in terms of numerical
scale.
• American seismologist name Charles
Richter devised Richter Scale.
• This scale is based on the magnitude of the
earthquake from the size of the largest
seismic wave generated by a factor of 10.
THE MODIFIED MERCALLI SCALE

• It assesses the strength of an


earthquake based on the amount of
damage to the structure.
• Invented by Giuseppe Mercalli in 1902.
• It uses Roman numerals from I to XII.
EARTHQUAKE
HAZARDS
Effects of Earthquakes
1.Ground Displacement- Shifting up or sideways of land.
2.Landslides and Liquefaction- Occur when intense vibrations loosen
the ground material on slope and these materials slide due to gravity.
3.Seiche- A whole body of water slosh back and forth.
4.Tsunamis- Are product of the displacement on the seafloor, a series of
waves or wave trains.
5.Fires- Broken gas lines and short out of electrical systems may

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