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Architectural Graphics Part One

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26 views5 pages

Architectural Graphics Part One

Architecture graphic

Uploaded by

Samson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS

PART ONE
BUILDING LAWS, BYE LAWS AND REGULATIONS

Introduction
As cities become the center piece of contemporary development and as
land become more scarce and inaccessible for requisite developmental
purposes, the quest to ration supply and control and or regulate its use
become more compelling. This is the rationale for the evolvement and or
enactment of various land use control laws and regulations designed to
safeguard, conserve, disburse and regulate the use of land in the interest
of the overall public interest (Agbola, 1997). Such laws include: zoning
regulations; building bye-laws; density control, land acquisition laws;
effluent discharge laws etc. Asobserved by Mabogunje, Mistra and Hardoy
(1978), these regulations fall into the realms of space-use density control,
health sanitation laws and community facilities and services provision
standards. Since land for residential purposes is the single largest use of
urban land, land for human settlement purposes need to be husbanded in a
way that will balance long and short term need of the community and
resolve the conflicting claims of different interest groups.

The functions of evolving and enforcing land use regulations and resolving
conflicting land interests are vested in urban planners whose ultimate goal
is to achieve a healthy, conducive, satisfying and aesthetically pleasing
environment in which to pursue different kinds of human activities.
However, a healthy, conducive and satisfying environment may not evolve
from human settlements unless there is adequate provision for the
monitoring and control of housing units. The means through which this is
done in planning is called ‘development control’. Development control is of
two types, land use zoning and planning standards. We are concerned with
the latter in this paper.

Generally, planning standards are of two types: prescriptive and legislative.


While zoning prescribes guidelines or specifications for the dimensioning of
land uses in the preparation of development schemes, planning standards
are usually mandatory and inflexible. Such specifications are instructions
which prospective developers must adhere to before development can be
approved in designated areas of a country. As is to be expected, these
standards vary from country to country and also over time within a given
country according to the level of social, economic and cultural development
of that country. Since house building constitutes the most important land
use element in most planning schemes, it is therefore mandatory that
planning standards should be firmly entrenched in the building regulations
of most countries. The need to evolve a National Building Code arose from
the following existing conditions of our cities and the built environment:(a)
Painlessness of our towns and cities;(b) Incessant collapse of buildings, fire
infernos, built environment abuses and other disasters;(c) Dearth of
referenced design standards for professionals;(d) Use of non-
professionals;(e) Use of untested products and materials;(f) Lack of
adequate regulations and sanctions against offenders.

BUILDING LAW

Building law is a body of law that deals specifically with legal matters
relating to building, engineering and construction

BYE LAW

A by-law (sometimes also spelled bylaw, by law or byelaw) is a rule or


law established by an organization or community to regulate itself, as
allowed or provided for by some higher authority. The higher authority,
generally a legislature or some other governmental body, establishes the
degree of control that the by-laws may exercise. By-laws may be
established by entities such as a business corporation, a
neighborhood association, or depending on the jurisdiction, a
municipality.

The building byelaws are defined as the standards and specifications


designed to grant minimum safeguards to the workers during
construction, to the health and comfort of the users and to provide
enough safety to the public in general. The regulation set out the basic
requirements to be observed in the design and construction of buildings.
They are applied to new building and also to extensions, material
alterations, and certain changes of use of existing buildings.

A building byelaw is a local law framed by a subordinate authority. It


channelizes to achieve the concepts & policies outlined in the master
plans of the city, in order to give a particular ARCHITECTURAL
CHARACTER to the city.

Bye-laws are an integral part of many organization yet they are often
misunderstood because there are different policies and procedure
concerning g how bye-laws can be established or govern an organization

IMPORTANCE OF BUILDING LAWS AND REGULATION

Building codes define the minimum standards to which building built in a


community/municipality must conform; or be condemned and torn
down.

Think of the three little pigs -- houses of straw, sticks and bricks. a local
government decides that having communities made up of houses made
of straw and sticks is a bad idea because they would pose a fire hazard
for the community at large. so they draft the building code that requires
that all new buildings be made of bricks, and have other engineering
and architectural features that provide earthquake resistance and
particular failure properties - that would better protect people inside and
around the building should a natural disaster strike.

had the three little pigs a uniform building code requiring not only that
all houses be made of bricks, but also that houses made of straw and
sticks were unlawful structure for public safety reasons, all three little
pigs would have survived the onslaughts by the big bad wolf.
So building codes help ensure that new and existing buildings meet the
minimum safety standards for the community and will not pose undue
risk to the public or the home owner now or in the future. in that way,
the codes are also meant to help keep the contractors honest, ensuring
that their work meets a minimum standard of safety and quality. Last
thing you want is an unscrupulous contractor coming in, building houses
not to code, and having whole neighbourhoods burn down from the fire
resulting from the one or two unfit houses built by the unscrupulous
contractor.

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