Airport System
Airport System
DECLARATION
is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering /
Head of the Department, Dept. of for providing me necessary support and details at the right
time during the progressive reviews.
I would like to express my sincere and deep sense of gratitude to my Project Guide., for his
valuable guidance, suggestions and constant encouragement paved way for the successful
completion of my project work.
I wish to express my thanks to all Teaching and Non-teaching staff members of the
Department of Computer Science who were helpful in many ways for the completion of the
project.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this section is to state the Goal and Objectives of the Software Project. The project
presented here is the Airline Reservation System.
Airline reservations system is an integrated passenger processing system, including inventory,
fares, ticket-less operations and credit card transactions. All communications are via TCP/IP
network protocol enabling the using of both intranet and internet communications worldwide.
The solution includes several standard items, which are combined to provide an integrated
solution with interfaces to other business systems. The system is based on open architecture,
using industry standard equipment and software. The open nature of VRS allows the addition of
new systems and features, ensuring that the VRS system can be adapted to keep up with the
changing requirements of the airline business.
❖ Reservations
❖ Flight inventory
❖ Fares
All user/agents are allocated a SINE code, which is used during sine-on and then appended
to all transactions carried out by the agent for security purpose. Different security levels may be
assigned so that different agents can access different areas of the system and also different
records in the case where a travel agent is only allowed to review PNR’s that have been created
by that agency.
The flights may be specified within a particular date range and may be used to display different
classes of service and different fares within a specific seating class. Sell from availability when it
has been displayed and a simple entry is used to sell seats. A direct sale may be made using a
long hand entry if the flight details are fully known.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
In this system all the communications are via TCP/IP protocol using both the
Intranet and Internet communications worldwide.
Cancellation module:
This module performs the cancellation of the reserved ticket.
1
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.The role of ICT Reservation Systems for operational management of air transportation
companies Authors: Okulski ; Radoslaw Robert , 2009 Fourth International Conference on
Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology
Airlines have been applying on-line technologies for booking and ticketing for
decades. Starting from the early 1980s, the computer reservation system (CRS) has
played a very important role in the provision of airline services. Zheng-Yi, Fang-Yuan, &
Yu-Hern (2003) Consequently, the technologies data communication network had been
organized. Moreover, CRS was sold to various markets around the world. Finally, after
1990, there was the Computer Reservation System, which was compatibly connected
with a revenue management system. With some other added functions, car rental and
hotel booking systems were introduced.
CHAPTER-3
3.1 AIM
The main objective is to reduce the mistakes which creep up in manual systems.
It provides good level of security so it takes care of the user’s safety concerns as well.
Passengers can access the whole list of all the flights available on different routes with
their timings and fare both for economy and business classes. One can compare the
best deals for them and book a flight accordingly. When the passengers enter all the
details the software helps them to find all available flights and also information if there
are seats available on that particular flight. The manual work is thus reduced and the
chances of errors are reduced to minimum.
SCOPE
• This software helps passengers to look up flights between two points which can
be domestic or international.
• The passengers can find and book tickets for flights through this software.
Developed in java, it is fairly easy to use software having a user-friendly interface
• The main objective is to reduce the mistakes which creep up in manual systems.
It provides good level of security so it takes care of the user’s safety concerns as
well.
• One can compare the best deals for them and book a flight accordingly. When
the passengers enter all the details the software helps them to find all available
flights and also information if there are seats available on that particular flight.
• The manual work is thus reduced and the chances of errors are reduced to
minimum.
CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
2. System Design: The system designer makes high-level decisions about the overall
architecture, during system design; the target system is organized into subsystems
based on both the analysis structure and the proposed architecture.
3. Object Design: The object designer builds a design model based on the analysis
model but containing implementation details. The designer adds details to the design
model in accordance with the strategy established during system design.
1. Object Model: The object model describes the static structure of the objects in a
system and their relationships. The object model contains object diagrams.
2. Dynamic Model: The dynamic model describes the aspects of a system that
change over time. The dynamic model contains state diagram
3. Functional Model: The functional model describes the data value transformations
within a system. The functional model contains data flow diagrams.
4.1 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Using the distributed technology we can handle these problems easily. In general
a distributed process means that a program in execution makes use of resources in
other machine. The two technologies for distributed processing available are J2EE
and .NET .
In the “Airline reservation system” J2EE is used for managing distributed systems. So
that even if the Airline system has lot of branches and they are located at different
places , we can handle the management of service and guarantee.
The proposed system for the problem is “Airline reservation system” , a web
based system that allows online reservations. The system is divided into three layers
namely presentation layer , business layer and data layer. The presentation layer is at
the client side. At server side , business layer and data layer reside. The system
requires a server side technology for its implementation. J2EE platform is chosen for
implementing the system. At server side Servlet plays the role for business layer and
JDBC for the data layer.
The objective of the project is to design and implement the software which helps the
Airline System employees to issue reservation tickets for various Air flights and maintain
the records of various passengers and provide quick services to the passengers. It
provides the following services:
The object model describes the structure of objects in a system. Their identity,
their relationships to other objects, Their attributes, and their operations. The object
model provides the essential framework into which the dynamic and functional models
can be placed.
Our goal in constructing an object model is to capture those concepts from the
real world that are important to an application. The object model is represented
graphically with object diagrams containing object classes. Classes are arranged into
hierarchies sharing common structure and behaviour and are associated with other
classes. Classes define the attribute values carried by each object instance and the
operations which each object performs or undergoes.
The first step in constructing an object model is to identify relevant object classes
from the application domain. Objects include physical entities, such as houses,
employees, and machines, as well as concepts, such as trajectories, seating
assignments, and payment schedules. All classes must make sense in the application
domain; avoid computer implementation constructs, such as linked lists and
subroutines. Not all classes are explicit in the problem statement; some are implicit in
the application domain or general knowledge.
Class Attributes
Price_info Class,customer_name,
seat_num,price
The dynamic model describes the aspects of a system that change over time.
The dynamic model is used to specify and implement the control aspects of a system.
The dynamic model contains state diagrams. A state diagram is a graph whose nodes
are states and whose arcs are transitions between states caused by events.
The dynamic model is insignificant for a purely static data repository. Such as a
database. The dynamic model is important for interactive systems. For most problems,
logical correctness depends on the sequences of interactions, not the exact times of
interactions.
• New customer enters the system and makes the registration and gets a
customer_id.
• Customers who are already registered enters the system.
• Customer makes the reservation operation and gets the response.
• Customer makes the query for flight operations & gets back the response.
• Customer makes the flight cancellation operation and gets the appropriate
response.
4.2.3.2. STATE DIAGRAM
A state diagram relates events and states. When an event is received, the next
state depends on the current state as well as the event: A change of state caused by an
event is called a transition. A state diagram is a graph whose nodes are states and
whose directed arcs are transitions labelled by event names. A state is drawn as a
rounded box containing an optional name. A transition is drawn as an arrow from the
receiving state to the target state: The label on the arrow is the name of the event
causing the transition. Figure below shows a state diagram describing the behaviour of
Airline Reservation System.
●
●Enter
System
do : Enter the
system
Operations
Reservation
Data flow diagrams (DFD) depict information flow and the transforms that are
applied as data move from input to output. It is the starting point of design phase that
functionally decomposes the requirement specifications down to the lowest level details.
Thus a DFD describes what data flows (Logically) rather than how they are processed.
So, it does not depend on hardware, software or data structures. It is one of the most
important tools used during system analysis. It is used to model the system components
such as the system process, data used by the process any external that interact if the
system and information flows in the system.
Enter
New Airline Reservation Gets
Customer System
Selects the
operation
Reservation
Performs the
operations Operation
Generates the
output
Gives tothe
Customer
4.3. SYSTEM DESIGN
The problem analysis is the most important phase in any project. Only after
knowing precisely what the problem is could we successfully eliminate it. The
identification of the root problem is necessary. We were able to discuss with the
personnel of various departments and gather information and we got a clear picture of
what the existing problem were and what our jobs was to eliminate them by redesigning
a new design.
Once the software requirements have been analyzed and specified, software
design is the first of three technical activities- Design code and test that are required to
build and verify the software. Each activity transforms information in a manner that
ultimately results in validation of the computer software.
The importance of the software design can be started with a single word quality.
Design is the place where quality fostered in software development. Design provides us
• Data Design: The data design transforms the information domain model created
during analysis into the data structures that will be required to implement the
software.
• Architectural Design: The architectural design defines the relationship among
the major structural components of the program.
• Procedural Design: The procedural design transforms structural components
into a procedural description of the software. Source code is generated and
testing is conducted to integrate and validate the software.
Thus, system design is a solution, a “how to” approach to the creation of the new
system.
4.3.1. TABLES
The database design converts the data model developed in logical design to a
database definition that is supported by database software. The first step is independent
of the kind of DBMS used. This step converts the conceptual entity relationships model
to a set of record type is known as the logical record structures. (LRS). The next
database design step converts the LRS to a database definition.
These steps use techniques that depend on the DBMS. DBMS dependent
techniques are needed here because different DBMS support different kind of links
between the records. Such links are used to retrieve records by following the link from
one record to another. Database design depends on the structure supported by DBMS
and uses techniques appropriate to these structures.
DBMS dependent design proceeds in two stages. The first step is logical design.
Logical design defines the DBMS record types and the links between them. The next
step is physical design. This step chooses a physical organization that supports the
methods uses to accesses the databases.
4.4 IMPLEMENTATION
Server
Web logic server is used for recording data through Oracle 8i. Compatible
operating system
Client
Compatible operating systems:
Remote Access
It’s recommended that Microsoft Windows Terminal Services (or a similar
technology) is used. Only the highest specification Wide Area Networks will provide
sufficient power to connect users directly to the server (i.e.without using Terminal
Services).
4.5 TESTING
Testing is an improvement phase. This phase involves testing of developed
system using different form of data.
Types of Testing:
1. Unit Testing:
Unit testing focuses on verifying the effort on the smallest unit of the software
design. The complexity of the test is limited by constrained scopes.
2. Integration Testing:
The objectives of the Integration Testing is to take all forms and build a project
structure that has been dictated by design.
3.Validation Testing:
After integration testing system is completely assembled as a package,
interfacing errors have been uncovered and the final series of the software test, the
validation test begins validation succeeds.
4.Performance Testing:
It is designed to test the runtime performance of the software within the context of
the integrated system. Performance testing occurs throughout the steps in the testing
process.
5.Output Testing:
After performance and validation testing the next test is the input output testing of
the proposed system. Since no system would be termed useful until it does produce the
requested output in the specified format.
CHAPTER 5
This project allows users to view flight details and to reserve, view and cancel
tickets by logging in or registering with a new account and reporting any issue if
required. Admin is provided with rights to see flight details, reservations, user contacts
and some functions like adding flights and collecting reports given by users.
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
High precision and care has been taken to design the data base, input forms an
output reports since they should be given due importance which could otherwise to
serious consequences thus affecting the whole system. The system thus developed has
been implemented successfully which has been performed to scrutinized the validation
of each data and errors were spotted out and then finally cleared in a sophisticated
manner.
The added feature of this system is that it has been provided with many
provisions for future enhancement in order to maintain the system in such a way that the
future requirement of the user could also be satisfied and upgrated.
REFERENCES
[1] Winston, Clifford, "The Evolution of the Airline Industry", Brookings Institution
Press, 1995. ISBN 0-8157-5843-X. Cf. p. 61–62, Computer Reservation Systems.
[5] GmbH, finanzen net. "IBS Software Inks Multi-Year Contract With Jin Air".
markets.businessinsider.com. Retrieved 2021-07-30.
[7] "Italian start-up EGO Airways deploys IBS Software product" @businessline.
Retrieved 2021-07-30.
[10] The ineluctable middlemen". The Economist. 25 August 2012. Retrieved 29 August
2012.
[11] Hitachi and Japanese National Railways MARS-1, Information Processing Society
of Japan.
[18] "Sabre The First Online Reservation System". IBM. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
APPENDIX
SAMPLE CODE
FOR RESERVATION
FOR PAYMENT
LOGIN PAGE
SIGNUP PAGE
PAYMENT PAGE
FLIGHT TICKET CANCELLATION PAGE