54 5.6 5.7 58 5.9 Given here is the joint probability function associated with data obtained in a study of auto- mobile accidents in which a child (under age 5 years) was in the car and at least one fatality ‘occurred. ly, the study focused on whether or not the child survived and what type of seatbelt (if any) he or she used, Define 0, ifthe child survived, 1, ifnot, 0, if no belt used, |, if adult belt used, 2, if car-seat belt used. Notice that ¥; is the number of fatalities per child and, since children’s car seats usually utilize two belts, Y2 is the number of seatbelts in use at the time of the accident. and Y2 = v ye 0 L Total 0 38 1758 114 02 16 2 24 05 29 Total 76 24 1.00 ‘a Verify that the preceding probability function satisfies Theorem 5.1 b_ Find F(1, 2). Whats the interpretation of this value? Refer to Example 5.3. Ifa radioactive particle is randomly located in a square of unit length, a reasonable model for the joint density function for Yi and Y2 is 1, OsySLOsmsl, £019) = {i elsewhere. a What is P(Y) — Yo > .5)? b What is POVWY2 <5)? Let ¥; and ¥2 have joint density funetion ere), yy > Oy = 0, a a Whatis POY) <1, ¥) > 5)? b Whatis POY, + Yo <3)? Let ¥; and Y2 have the joint probability density function given by hyn OS sL0snsh sou {5 elsewhere, id the value of k that makes this @ probability density function b Find the joint distribution function for ¥ and Ys. ¢ Find PO} < 1/2, %2 < 3/4). Let ¥; and ¥, have the joint probability density function given by { Osysmsh 0, elsewhere, FO ‘a Find the value of & that makes this a probability density functi b Find POM: = 3/4, Ye = 1/2).5.25 5.26 5.31 5.34 5.51 5.56 Let ¥; and ¥, have joint density function first encountered in Exercise 5.7: OD, yy > Oy > 0, FOHM= TG. elsewhere. a Find the marginal density functions for Y; and Y>, Identify these densities as one of those studied in Chapter 4. What is P(L = ¥; = 2.5)? PCI = Yo = 2.5)? For what values of y2 is the conditional density (y1|y2) defined? For any y2 > 0, what is the conditional density function of ¥; given that ¥2 = y2? For any yy > 0, what is the conditional density function of Y2 given that ¥; For any y2 > 0, how does the conditional density function f(y;|y2) that you obtained in part (d) compare to the marginal density function f;(91) found in part (a)? ‘8 What does your answer to part (f) imply about marginal and conditional probabilities that Y; falls in any interval?) saan In Exercise 5.8, we derived the fact that 4yiy, OSM SLOSwSL FOWIM= 0, elsewhere is a valid joint probability density function. Find athe marginal density functions for ¥ and Ya. b Ph <1/2I%) = 3/4). the conditional density function of ¥; given Ys = ys. d_ the conditional density function of Ya e PCY =3/4%, = 1/2). In Exercise 5.13, the joint density function of ¥; and Y» is given by 30yi93, -lsysl-y0sy=1, ronnie [BMH MoTsmsT omen . elsewhere. ‘a Show that the marginal density of ¥; is a beta density with @ = 2 and p = 4. b Derive the marginal density of Ys. © Derive the conditional density of Yo given Y= y1. Find PCY: > OY =.75). uniformly distributed on the interval (0, 1) and, for 0 < yi <1, I, OS =, 0, elsewhere, fOaly, ‘a what is the “name” of the conditional distribution of ¥» given ¥i = yi? find the joint density function of ¥ and Y>.. find the marginal density function for Ys. In Exercise 5.7, we considered ¥; and Yp with joint density function er), > Oy > 0, LOW) = 0, elsewhere, a Are Y; and ¥> independent? b Doesthe result from part (a) explain the results you obtained in Exercise 5.25 (d)-(£)? Why? In Exercise 5.12, we were given the following joint probability density function forthe random variables ¥; and ¥s, which were the proportions of two components in a sample from a mixture of insecticide: 2, OSH <1,0 independent?5.57 3.75 5.79 5.82 5.94 5.100 5.103 In Exercises 5.13 and 5.31, the joint density function of ¥; and Y2 was given by 309193, M-1SySI-yw0Sy Sh, 0, elsewhere. Are the random variables ¥; and Y» independent? Refer to Exercises 5.7, 5.25, and 5.51, Let ¥; and Y have joint density function jour eM”, yy 050 O19) = form) {. elsewhere, ‘What are E(¥; + Yo) and V(Y + Yo)? What is P(Y; — Yo > 3)? What is P(Y; — Ky < —3)7 What are E(¥, — Y2) and V(¥, ~ ¥2)? ‘What do you notice about V(¥i + ¥:) and VM ~ ¥3)? a b © d Suppose that, as in Exercise 5.11, Y; and ¥2 are uniformly distributed over the triangle shaded in the accompanying diagram, Find E(Y\¥2). In Exercise 5.38, we determined that the joint density function for ¥;, the weight in tons of a bulk item stocked by a supplier, and ¥p, the weight of the item sold by the supplier, has joint density Wn, OSHsnsh 0, elsewhere. rou =| In this ease, the random variable ¥; — Y> measures the amount of stock remaining at the end. of the week, a quantity of great importance to the supplier. Find E(, — Yo). Let ¥; and ¥ be uncorrelated random variables and consider Uy = Yi + Yo and U2 = Yi — Yo. a. Find the Cov(Uj, U2) in terms of the variances of ¥; and Yo. b Find an expression for the coefficient of correlation between U and U>. © _Isit possible that Cov(U, U2) = 0? When does. is occur? Let Z bea standard normal random variable and let ¥i = Z and Yo = ‘What are (Y)) and EQ)? What is EY ¥2)? [Hints E(% Yo) = E(Z*), recall Bxercise 4.199.] What is Cov(, ¥2)? Notice that P(Y2 > 1|¥i > 1) = 1. Are ¥i and Ya independent? Assume that ¥1, Ya, and Ys are random variables, with anos Find E(3Y; + 4Y2 — 6Ys) and VY; +42 — 6Y5).4.16. Let Z be a Standard Normal random variable. Compute (a) P(Z < 1.25) (b) P(Z<1.25) —— (c) P(Z > 1.95) (a) P(Z|< 1.25) (e) P(Z < 6.0) (8) P(Z > 6.0) (g) With probability 0.8, variable Z does not exceed what value? 4.17. For a Standard Normal random variable Z, compute (a) P(Z 20.99) (b) P(Z< 0.99) (ce) P(Z < 0.99) (a) P(\Z|> 0.99) — (e) P(Z < 10.0) (f) P(Z > 10.0) (g) With probability 0.9, variable Z is less than what? 4.18. For a Normal random variable X with E(X) = —3 and Var(X) = 4, compute (a) P(X < 2.39) (b) P(Z > -2.39) (c) P(\X| > 2.39) (a) PX +3) 2239) (e) P(X <5) (8) P(X| <5) (2) With probability 0.33, variable X exceeds what value?