PLT College, Inc.

Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya #AJV#

College of Criminal Justice Education
4th Year 1st semester, AY 2024-2025
Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Special Crime Investigation 2 with

Simulation on Interrogation and
Interview

AJV
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Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya #AJV#
Recording
The investigator begins the process of recording pertinent facts and details of the
investigation the moment he arrives at the crime scene. (He should record the time when he
was initially notice prior to his arrival). He also writes the identification of person / people
involved and what he initially saw. He also draws a basic sketch of the scene and takes the initial
photograph. This is to ensure that an image of the crime scene is recorded before any occurrence
that disturbs the scene.
As a rule, “Do not touch, alter or remove anything at the crime scene until it has been
identified, measured and photographed.”
Search for Evidence
a) Each crime is different, according to the physical nature of the scene and the crime
involved. Consequently, the scene is processed in accordance with the prevailing physical
characteristics of the scene and with the need to develop essential evidentiary facts
peculiar to the offense.
b) In rooms, buildings, and small outdoor areas, a systematic search of evidence is initiated
(In the interest of uniformity, it is recommended that the clockwise movement be used).
The investigator examines each item encountered on the floor, walls, and ceiling to locate
anything that may be evidentiary value.
c) You should give particular attention to fragile evidence that may be destroyed or
contaminated if it is not collected when discovered.
d) If any doubt exists as to the value of an item, treat it as evidence until proven otherwise.
e) Ensure that the item or area where latent fingerprints may be present is closely examined
and that action is taken to develop the prints.
f) Carefully protect any impression of evidentiary value in surface conducive to making
casts or molds. If possible, photograph the impression and make a cast or mold.
g) Note stains, spots, ang pools of liquid within the scene and treat them as evidence.
h) Treat as evidence all other items such as hair, fibers, and soil particles foreign to the area
in which they are found.
i) Proceed systematically and uninterrupted to the conclusion of the processing of the scene.
The search of physical evidence is initially completed when, after a thorough
examination of the scene, the rough sketch, necessary photograph and investigative notes
have been completed and the investigator has returned to the point from which the search
began.
j) Further search may be necessary after the evidence and the statements obtained have
been evaluated.
k) In large outdoor areas, it is advisable to divide the area into strips about four (4) feet
wide. The policeman may first search the strip on his left as he faces the scene and then
the adjoining strips.
l) It may be advisable to make a search beyond the area considered to be the immediate
scene of the incident or crime. For example, evidence may indicate that a weapon or tool
used in the crime was discarded or hidden by the offender somewhere within a square-
mile area near the scene.
m) After completing the search of the scene, the investigator examines the object/s or person
actually attacked by the offender.
n) In a homicide case, the position of the victim should be outlines with a chalk or any other
suitable material before the body is removed from the scene.
 Note: If the victim has been pronounced dead by a doctor or is obviously dead, it is
usually advised to examine the body, the clothing and the area under the body after the
remainder of the scene has been searched. This is to enable the investigator to evaluate all
objects of special interest in the light of all other evidence found at the scene.
Qualities of an Investigator/s:
 Perseverance = Refers to steadfastness, persistence, and resolution to bring the desired
conclusion despite obstacles connected with the criminal investigation.
 Endurance = This is the ability to last physically and mentally hence, he must have
extraordinary physical and mental energy, enduring sleepless nights and tiresome days.
 Incorruptible Honesty and Integrity = In the practice of his art, there are the ever
temptations of money, women, and drinks where these are present in every corner playing
tricks of temptations.
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Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya #AJV#
 Intelligence and Wisdom of Solomon = This is very important so that the investigator
could easily decipher falsehood from the truth and separate the gain from the chaff.
 Acting Activity = It is the ability to go down to the level of the minor, the prostitute, or
the slum dwellers, or the level of the other professionals or the members of the elite.
 Mastery of Oral and Written Communication so that he will not suffer a setback in
getting accurate facts especially in the preparation of reports and or transmittal of
information.
 The Keen Power of Observation and Description = these are very important in crime
scene investigation and interview and interrogation.
 Courage = It is the moral fortitude, to tell the truth, no matter who will be hurt.
 Working Knowledge of Criminal Law, Evidence, Criminal Procedure, and Penal Special
Laws.
 The power to “read between the lines.” This is the ability of the investigator to
interpret the words or phrases encountered in the process of investigation in their deeper
meaning to arrive at a concrete meaning of a certain statement.
 Working knowledge of martial arts and firearms proficiency = He will find himself
on many occasions that he will be alone in confronting, arresting, bringing to
headquarters, and interrogating the suspect.
Marking of Evidence
Any physical evidence obtained must be marked or tagged before its submission to the
evidence custodial. These are information to ensure that the items can be identified by the
collector at any time in the future. This precaution will help immeasurably to establish the
credibility of the collector’s report or testimony and will effectively avoid any suggestions that
the item has been misidentified.
Markings on the Specimen must at least contain the following:
a) Exhibit case number
b) Initials and signature of the collecting officer
c) Time and date of collection
 Note: It is also important to note the place or location where the evidence was collected.

Evaluation of Evidence
Each item of evidence must be evaluated in relation to all the evidence, individually or
collectively. If necessary, these pieces of evidence must be subjected to crime laboratory
examination. Example: firearms for ballistics examination, hair, blood, semen, etc.
Preservation of Evidence
It is the investigator’s responsibility to ensure that every precaution is exercised to
preserve physical evidence in the state in which it was recovered / obtained until it is released to
the evidence custodial.
Releasing of Evidence
All collected evidence can only be released upon order of the court or prosecutor, as the
case may be.
Chain of Custody
A list of all person who came into possession of an item of evidence, continuity of
possession, or the chain of custody, must be established whenever evidence is presented in court
as an exhibit. Adherence to standard procedure in recording the location of evidence, marking it
for identification, and properly completing evidence submission forms for laboratory analysis is
critical to chain of custody. Every person who handles or examined the evidence and where it is
at all times must be accounted for. As a rule, all seized evidence must be in the custody of the
evidence custodian and deposited in the evidence room or designated place for safekeeping.
Transmittal of Evidence to Crime Laboratory
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Bayombong Nueva Vizcaya #AJV#
Proper handling of physical evidence is necessary to obtain the maximum possible
information upon which scientific examination shall be based, and to prevent exclusion as
evidence in court. Specimens which truly represent the material found at the scene, unaltered,
unspoiled or otherwise unchanged in handling will provide more and better information upon
examination. Legal requirements make it necessary to account for all physical pieces of evidence
from the time it is collected until it is presented in court. With these in mind, the following
principles should be observed in handling all types of evidence:
a) The evidence should reach the laboratory in same condition as when it was found;
b) The quantity of specimen should be adequate. Even with the best equipment available,
good result cannot be obtained from insufficient specimen;
c) Submit a known or standard specimen for comparison purposes;
d) Keep each specimen separate from others so there will be no intermingling or mixing of
known and unknown material. Wrap and seal in individual packages when necessary.
e) Mark or label each of evidence for positive identification as the evidence taken from a
particular location in connection with the crime under investigation.
f) The chain of custody of evidence must be maintained. Account for evidence from the
time it is collected until it is produced in court. Any break in this chain of custody may
male the material inadmissible as evidence in court.