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Mansabdari System and It's Evolution Gangadhar

Mansabdari sysytem evolution in 16th century

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gangadharsingh2004
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47 views16 pages

Mansabdari System and It's Evolution Gangadhar

Mansabdari sysytem evolution in 16th century

Uploaded by

gangadharsingh2004
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by at aingh College University of delhi History of India 1500-1600 eof ansobslacey Semen seahgtore 7 Submited by: Gengadhas. Rol 22/25023 Semester“ / TV ndex 4+ Mansobdast system OL 2+ Origins oF the Mansabdari 04 02,028 8+ Appointment of zamincars 03,04 + Coctegori eb oF Mansabdars 04,05 5 Safasy of Mansabdars 05506 6 Conditional Rank 06,07 1 Evofution oF Mansabdas? 07, 08 8-Infidduction 5F Mansabdari 0&5 09,105 11 q Refoums introduced in th Ny lo-Importane oF Mansabdaxi 12 Ie Symbo-tic Nature oF Sawar yz rank = la Inereane inthe no- sf mansab 13 ~dars 13+ Concfuaton L+ ol Runabdant system Tho m, } aha ek ae a unique system devised 6 : bina atti ernie, ee OF the adminis eafive pe reaeh ean o fosmed the backbone tK oP-the mag hal empixe The Tem tmarsab! means cank and !dat! means holdet” eed Ampdies the poattion oF aman cin the imperial hierarchy: However, (n due course oftinw fF came Ho mean a fancction— an obtigation om poxt oF the mansabdar to sender somo secvice tothe empire retum for this sank, which fixed his calary as Well it organised fhe maghel nobitity into numerical gracl & E and at) mansabdaré had to mabrfain d contingent The mansabdacy syste tothe mughed ot clepencting on thers tanks* evolved over the years and gare : nobility anal repli tay machine a high leg ree anfrormity and ve ularity in tts functioning» which I's stike dy 4ohave confi buted fo .the-ernpi ses stability and strength: dsigins oF the Mansabdar System. The origins oPthe mansabdasi sycfem can be tracecl back to Chenglz Khan’s decimal system oF oaganising armies and elividing his asmi'es From Loto 0,000 . 02 These numbers were general wed foeonate the ~ tank oF the commander rather than the acta) Number of troops maintained + The Mans abdaci System 1S satd to have borrowed from the Jgstactari system Followed by the lodkis and urs but there Is no eviclence of a tink befween-the ranks and the number oF troops maintained: The Mansabdasi system evolved tn the administrative system OF the Mughals: If wad over time that Hkbhar felt the need to create euch a system an he was Faced witha aidemma oF contro ling the nobili- through Teles ard regalations- Moseo ves, he wished jo create a system whereby @ petsonal bord of soree fosm OF atlegiance cout] be created between -the emperoe and his oPrictals - The Mansabdasi system wos able to sotye tts dilemma anal of the same time serve the admistrative and rephitary intesect oF the empire + buat Ranking Sysfem- TRE mansab wad spt indto-two rumedcof reprecerfafiona: the frestor the z@f rank and secoand ot sawar rank: There jare many Interpretations regarelirg the zatand sawar Tank+ Bfochmann, who tianlatec! the Ain-i-Akban O38 Suggested thatzat wan a nominaltrank andsawar Was the actual Nereb ex oF ontingents maintained by the mansabelars - Athar ALi states that the zat placed the mansabelar ‘man apprpnate postion inthe mughaf hierarchy ) Whe , the sawar hightig hted the exact respon eTbi_Lity - However, the most popelak view fs put forward by fibduf Fel2 5 who ru gested that zat and sawar Tro secoand category womprised of those who maintained a greater zat than cawar but the Sawar was equal to ormore than ong helPof thezati 0S (> Finally y those with sawas lecs than ono half of 2af- were pat 'n the third category. However, Acthar ALT halives thet this distinction between the kighes and lower mansabelar wos ony convenfional 05 al owed their atlegiance -fo the king: -|Setish Chandra has stated thet white the term mansabdlar W08 a genetic term If was popularly used for those holding Tanks upto 500+ Those hotding ranks between S00 and 2500 wete catled amirs and those above 2500 were cated amit-f- wnda+ He Further cfotes thet Mansobs above 5,000 were ysy ally meat for prices oF blood: Salary of the Mansabdars_ Tho salary oc the mugarara{-.talab ofeach mansabdar was oF two types ~ peasonal 0 tofab-i- khas and coreting ert” ot talod—i-fabinan> The most important poxt of the elasy wos based on his zaf rankand was called talab-f~ hag , an this determined his porition in imperial hierarchy +The secoand poxt ofthe salary wou-the talab— Lt- tabinane and tt was tho Income based on his miditasy ob-tigetion. og his cawar rank« The salary for the sawar tank woathe sum tote} oF the rumuneration given to each troopes Which wan Fixed and uni formally applicable, whatever the number oF the Sawa rank might be- 06 Tae mansabdars received their salaries ether im the | foam oF caah o« nagd from the treasusy ores Q revenue | grantor Jagie which woo prefecred form oF receiving \salaries- The mansabelars whowere paid! fn.cosh wet called the Nagdi mansabdass but there wear vest Feud TefeCences to thenr+ The jagiss given inthe form DP salavies lwerecatied the tankhwa jagirs- Aecording to 17e mansab regulations 5 the value ofthe fagit hadtob@ equal to the salary of the mansabda rand waseleterrined by -the fama os the atimated revenue tncome from the land » 94 fs seen that-all Ljagisdars were mansabdars but jell mansabdars were not fagisdars + The tankhwa fag te wos not hecodi tasty and was subject qo transfer: TRe fagtrdar was never pated in kis own fagir but derievect revenue from his Jagir withocet havireg any potitical and administrative power: This wat done to preverct him Pom eleveloping moots in his jagit conditional Rank_ Tho conditional wank o mashrut was animportant featare ofthe Mansabdani system dasing the reign F Akbar As a whole, the zatcan never be eccs than sawar except under one condition when @ conditional rank ts giver ire a situation of emergency * This wos When mansabdar wos laaked fo undetfake a parficwlas took euch as quelling a rebedtion. and It woo given asan additional wank with bis 07 Sawar now: being greater than his zat+ However, these fanks were oe s00n onthe expedition or seevices enced and the nerease in sawas’ was withdeawn * dF he woe Successful then thezatand sawar were equatedand ha wos promoted Evofution_ of the Mansobdaei System Thore fs agrect deal of debate re asding the evolution OF the Mansabdarf system, Scholars ike Moreland and Abdu} Aziz held that-a ingle numerical ronk existed before ftkbat, the nuumber directly dndicating the ze ofthe cavalry consingertt that the vank- holder was expected fo maintain: From-the Akbar period ,there js clear evidence ofadual sanking syctemand of the numerical gradation system which war introduced din his uth reginat year WH. Moretand ~ moretand. viewed! the evoludion of the Mansobdari system as a process thatsawcyctical phases of degeneration , Aisorganicatin reorganisation andl rejuvenation: The wots ofthe Mansabdasi system were traced to Chengez khan. who org anised the decimal system of mitttasy organisation also known ay the Tluman system: 44 was prevalent tn the maghol period anol marked the frist phase of organisation: The secoand, 08 phase 5 from post Timurto the eal cans OF Akbar’s reign was the period oF degeneration) ae et There was a system oP gradation oF officers but i net numerical and tides such as bald» amiewere givens The Next phase SF reox, anisation during Akbas"s period sawethe Introduction ofthe system oF peal gradation and the sawag rank> Tho fourth phase was a period of degeneration due tothe Incompetence oF Jahangir: The taat phase which covered Shahjahan?s Berio tanithe Introduction oFmany new reforms L ke the du~ aapa~sih—aapa andthe months scale reforma: Infsocduction cfthe Mansalbd ari system neat sys Abdul A2i2— peje suppotted Mo retand?s view onthe date oF the introduction of the Manoabdasi system being inthe (th wegnal yeas: He alao exptained the theory oF the zat and sawar ran ks- AT Qaiser, Tefan Habib and Shireen moosvi disag teed, with the view thet tho za# and eqawar tank were introduced nthe Lith regna| Year oF Akbar andl put forward their own views: ALT Qaises - He question’ +tho above view after an anaty gs of the statistical data on revenue inthe fin-d-Akbaat + He dosent deny the existence oF cectain reforms by Akbar In the «(Hh regnal year such as bagh q regrHlations: However, he doubts the existence oF arank priov to Ak bats refon and believes thatthe dual ranks came {nto existence only inthe 1¢th regal yeas [151814] aa the information regarcting revenye details had not been competed inthe uth regnad yeor “Qaisex aloo points ouf that even the Ain mentisn’ terms Ke Fixing the mangabs and probably both the sanks wee introduced simuftoneouoly around 1874-75" \Lerfan Habib- A-T Qaiser’s viewspoirsf was supported ey Irfan Habib; who agreed with the date giver by hime and betieved thet Abul Fazal in compit the Ust of lofAicfals as Jate asthe toth regnal gear an giver ony cthe zat wank and omitted the sawai’ rans oltoge-ther’ This ded Ao confusion regarding the origitt oF the concept of the dual ranks Habtb questions’ Moreland°s analysis ofthe Mansabdasi s ysctem. In terms of cyctica | phased andl says Sthatall reforms ase in refotion fo sawar rank: They were tn resporoe tothe problem oF the Jap between the jamg and the hasit which the state con frorcted. Shireen. Moos vi — Shireen Moosvi provided a diffesent nfespretation regarding the evolution ofthe Mansabd- -ait system: she agrees with gaisars contention | that no tank existecl before the reign oF Akbar or s fill the seth regnal yeas- In fact on the basis oFcontemposany accounts she haa divided the evofution of the system recto phases ox dandmask re nal years: she says that “in the Fitsttdlecade of akhar’s reign evidence oPan ink between the Sze of wntingent maintained bya noble and the salary patd to him ais hand to fina” Thud, She says thet dusing this phave the salaries were fixed arbitrasi ij Sh empero¥ withoutdefin! ony Qs och ated mitten -ebligations- The measured |aclopted by Akbar Inthe uth Years taker. by Morefand to Signi fy the Institution, oF numerical ranks had not evotvedt HU now as cthere is no evidence fo uggest tho poseibfe Way oF determining how the This clear clemarcation and I] en | | Yet the Facct remains thet the numerical graclafion was (TF act introduced ond by Akbav and os Fas aathe | date 4s concerned rac historians accept thatit was (ntinduced between 159 4-18~ | Refosms Ic hanges lretroduced.in the sTheenfury | The Mancobdari system din the (thcen funy Followi pcthe cleath of Akbar witnessed a numbex oF new innovofiond * | Duxaipa s{h-anpa s Tho reign Of Jahangfe witnessed a |Femarkabte change with the Introduction of the Hdu—aapa eth aapal! Fank: DU aapa meant doubling ofthe tank while sh anpa means tripling of the Tank buf mostly canes oF ly oapa were seen In his [oth regnal year, Nohangir gave Mahabet khanthe clu-aypa eh-aapa. [rank a6 qd mark of special distinctisn jwhichds the earttest known incident of euch a rank, being conte reed epor any nobfe- AA though this tradition. tasted cuciry the velgh oF Jahangir, It wor ony under Shohfahan a . (a Aurangzeb thet this rank wag awiascled on adarge ‘Scale: “N ee Tmpor-fance of Mansabdavicystem- (withregardto_ Nobility) TRE Mansabdar system wos not simply a mihi tae Ongena “tion system butatso an adminis:trative cyctor-Howeves dtwos a System Which gonesacted dosti tutional cles o-fism Tho working of this system enoured -the eubfugation oF sthe nobles tothe stote- twas not a system clepencler{ (On the wuler but worked independent othim asthe iefnotitution self rentricted athe posictical, mittitaay and Fiscal} obi gation of the mansobelay- Tho rank woa.a heck mm bis power and he could not expand begona his prescit bed rank» The Mansabdarh system ono played| lan important me nthe practice cf ratiying the nobles around the king Honous arose from contribution tothe state and these fore rank was not based or icaate, creed religion or race: There war also some kind OF petmanence and stability din this system due to fnotijtutionatisation of sfote power Tre nobi-tity which inew became an integral powit ofthe my had admintst- ration was trana formed Crem being sernj_ aufonomoug dmpe tia] ofPicfale to oFficjala OF he state. 13 Rade Neth oF Sewn van Anocther change that-ook pace du Fing the reign oF 7 hahjahan waa thatthe sawan tank had become symbolic In natures However, TH - Qureshi betfeves that this system prevailed even during the reign oF Akbar: Safish Chandra agrees that it?s posei ble thot the sawar | rank was cymbolic even during -the reign oF Akbar ees the rank clenoted a cestain multiple of the actual shosps commanded and didnt represertf the actual number to be maintained - but if became more profound and cystematic only dasing Shahjahan’s tinea: Tnesease fn the Number oF Mansabdars Thare was @ sheer fnecease fn the number DF rmansab— —dase tnthe Mughol state aftesthe death oF Akbar Sofich Chandra has tiiect to explain this by arguing chat -the initial gears sf Tahangir were marked by a dot oF insecurity: He didn?¢ trust a number of the nobles Prom Akbar’s dime and this atong wich the rebetlisn by ShahTahan had competed him to create a nobility that would be soya! 4o hircand thus be increased the ranks oF his Favoured nobses: Gorctusfon Tho Manooddard sy sem. mai exist mongo-tord ox Turkish that Finally cleveloped under Alebar was frm complex, elaborate and oganisee| than dts predecesev¥s* White, the escential nature and working oF this system wos not changed undes Akbars cuccesents anumber of new innovations were made dn the ITH century thet helped im. refining -the detects Jn -the system Howevels by the tine oF Jah fr and Shah Jahan the number lof mansabdass haol tnereansed exponentially have had rts wots in pre~ fraditions but the system ore

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