Learning Activity Sheets in Mathematics 10

Quarter 4 – Week 1 to 3
Measures of Position for Ungrouped Data
Learning Competency:
The learner …
1. illustrates the following measures of position for ungrouped data: quartiles, deciles, and percentiles. (M10SP-IVa-1)
2. calculates a specified measure of position (e.g., 90th percentile) of a set of data. (M10SP-IVb-1)
3. interprets measures of position(M10SP-IVc-1)
4. solves problems involving measures of position. (M10SP-IVd-e-1)

LESSON 1: Measures of Position for Ungrouped Data

A. QUARTILES
The quartiles are the score points which divide a distribution into four equal parts. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the
distribution are below the first quartile, fifty percent (50%) are below the second quartile and seventy-five percent (75%)
are below the third quartile. Q1 is called the lower quartile and Q3 is the upper quartile. Q1<Q2<Q3, where Q2 is the median.
The difference between Q3 and Q1 is the interquartile range.

smallest value Q1 Q2 Q3 largest value

⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫ ⚫
25% 25% 25% 25%
Example 1.
The owner of a coffee shop recorded the number of customers who came into his café each hour in a day. The
results were 14, 10, 12, 9, 17, 5, 8, 9, 14, 10, and 11. Find the lower quartile and upper quartile of the data.
Solution:
• In ascending order, the data are 5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17
• The least value in the data is 5 and the greatest value in the data is 17.
• The middle value in the data is 10.
• The lower quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the least value in the data set.
• So, the lower quartile is 9.
• The upper quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the greatest value in the data set.
• So, the upper quartile is 14.

Example 2.
Find the average of the lower quartile and the upper quartile of the data:
Component Quantity
Hard disk 290
Monitors 370
Keyboards 260
Mouse 180
Speakers 430
Solution:
• In increasing order, the data are 180, 260, 290, 370, 430.
• The least value of the data is 180 and the greatest value of the data is 430.
• The middle value of the data is 290.
• The lower quartile is the value that is between the least value and the middle value.
• So, the lower quartile is 260.
• The upper quartile is the value that is between the greatest value and the middle value.
• So, the upper quartile is 370.
260+370
• The average of the lower quartile and the higher quartile is equal to 315. That is, = 315.
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Example 3.
The lower quartile of the data set is the 8 th data value. How many data values are there in the data set?
Solution:
• The lower quartile is the median data value of the lower half of the data set.
• So, there are 7 data values before and after the lower quartile.
• So, the number of data values in the lower half is equal to 7+7+1.
• The number of values in the data set is equal to lower half + upper half + 1.
• The number of values in the lower and upper halves are equal.
• Formula: 15+15+1=31
• So, the data set contains 31 data value.
1
Another solution: (𝑛 + 1) = 8
4
𝑛 + 1 = 32
𝑛 = 32 − 1
𝑛 = 31

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Example 4.
Mendenhall and Sincich Method
Uses different method of finding the quartile values. To apply their method on a data set with 𝑛 elements, first
calculate:
1
Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q1= (𝑛 + 1) and round to the nearest integer. If L falls halfway between two
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integers, round up. The Lth element is the lower quartile value (Q1).
3
Next calculate: Upper Quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = (𝑛 + 1) and round to the nearest integer. If U falls halfway
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between two integers, round down. The Uth element is the upper quartile value (Q 3).
So, for our example data set:
{1, 3, 7, 7, 16 , 21, 27, 30 , 31} and n = 9.
1
To find Q1, locate its position using the formula Q1= (𝑛 + 1) and round off to the nearest integer.
4
1
Position of Q1= (𝑛 + 1)
4
1
= (9 + 1)
4
1
= (10)
4
= 2.5 ≈ 3
The lower quartile value (Q1) is the 3rd data element, so Q1=7.
Similarly,
3
Position of Q3= (𝑛 + 1)
4
3
= (9 + 1)
4
3
= (10)
4
= 7.5
The conjugate value of 7.5 becomes 7 after rounding down. The upper quartile value is the 7 th data element, so Q3= 27.

B. DECILES AND PERCENTILES

Deciles are values that divide a set of data into ten equal parts. There are 9 deciles which are denoted by D1,D2,D3,…,
D9. In such organization of data, 10% falls below D1, 20% falls below D2, and so on, and 90% below D9.
𝑘
𝐷𝑘 = (𝑛 + 1)
10
Percentiles are values that divide a set of data into 100 equal parts. There are 99 percentiles, which are denoted by P 1,
P2, P3, …,P99. In such organization of data, 1 % falls below P1, 2% falls below P2, and so on, 99% falls below P99.
𝑘
𝑃𝑘 = (𝑛 + 1)
100
Deciles and Percentiles can be computed in same way as quartiles.

Take note of the following observations:

1. The median is equal to Q2, D5, P50.
2. Deciles and percentiles are interpreted in the same way as quartiles. For example, the sixth decile (D6) is the value
where 60% of the distribution lies below it, while the remaining 40% of the distribution lies above it. The deciles and
percentiles are related in the following manner.
D1=P10, D2=P20 D9=P90
3. Quartiles and percentiles are best interpreted with the following identities:
Q1=P25, Q2=P50 Q3=P75

Example 1.
Mrs. Marasigan is a veterinarian. One morning, she asked her secretary to record the service time for 15 customers.
The following are service times in minutes.
20, 35, 55, 28, 46, 32, 25, 56, 55, 28, 37, 60, 47, 52, 17.
Find the value of the 2nd decile, 6th decile, P30 and P55.
Solution:
In increasing order, the data are 17, 25, 28, 28, 28, 32, 35, 37, 46, 47, 52, 55, 55, 56, 60.
2
Position of D2 = (15 + 1)
10
2
= (16)
10
= 3.2 ≈ 3 Thus, D2 is the 3rd data element which is 28.
6
Position of D6 = (15 + 1)
10
6
= (16)
10
= 9.6 ≈ 10 Thus, D6 is the 10th data element which is 47.
30
Position of P30 = (15 + 1)
100
30
= (16)
100
= 4.8 ≈ 5 Thus, P30 is the 5th data element which is 28.
55
Position of P55 = (15 + 1)
100
55
= (16)
100
= 8.8 ≈ 9 P55 is the 9th data element, so P55=46

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Example 2.
The following table shows the medal tally of the grade 10 sections in a sports festival.
Section Number of Medals
Ilang-ilang 12
Sampaguita 10
Daisy 6
Bougainvillea 9
Dahlia 7
Lily 5
Sunflower 8
Rose 8
th
Find the value corresponding to the 75 percentile in the medal tally.
Solution:
Arrange the data from smallest to largest.
5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 12
Compute for P75.
75
P75= (8 + 1)
100
75
= (9)
100
= 6.75 ≈ 7 P75 is the 7th element, so P75 = 10.
Interpretation: This means that 75% of the 8 sections (or 7 sections) got less than 10 medals while 25% of the sections
(or 1 section) got more than 10 medals.

Example 4.
The following are the scores in the final examination in Mathematics of the honor students in a graduating class
85, 88, 89, 90, 90, 93, 95, 98, 100, 100
Determine the percentile rank of:
a. 88 b. 90
Solution:
The percentile rank of the observation X in a data set refers to the percentage of observations that fall at or below X.
It is given by the formula
(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑋)+0.5(𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑋
Percentile Rank = (100%)
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑡
1+0.5(1)
a. Percentile Rank of 88= (100%) = 15%
10
3+0.5(2)
b. Percentile Rank of 90= (100%) = 40%
10

Try this out!

Answer the following situations.
1. Find the first quartile (Q1), second quartile (Q2), and the third quartile (Q3), given the scores of 10 students in their
Mathematics activity using Mendenhall and Sincich Method.
4 9 7 14 10 8 12 15 6 11
2. Albert has an assignment to ask at random 10 students in their school about their ages. The data are given in the table
below.
Name Age
Ana 10
Guide Questions:
Ira 13 a. What is Q1, D2, and Q3, P40, P90 of their ages?
Susan 14 b. How many students belong to Q1, Q2, and Q3 in terms of their
Antonette 13 ages?
Gladys 15
Tony 11
Lito 14
Christian 13
Michael 15
Dennis 12

REFLECTION
In this lesson, I learned that ___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________.
REFERENCE
Mathematics Grade 10 Learner’s Module, First Edition 2015 Pasig City, Philippines: Department of Education.
www.google.com
Mathematics Grade 10 Teachers Guide, First Edition 2015 Pasig City, Philippines: Department of Education.
Our World of Math 10 copyright 2014 by Vibal Group Inc. and Julieta G. Bernabe, et.al

Performance Task
Conduct a survey on the time spent in social media or any areas of interest. Apply the knowledge and skills
you have learned in this lesson to evaluate and interpret test results and to make/formulate meaningful decisions.
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