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Position-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs

position -Time graphs

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Armando Moralez
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14 views21 pages

Position-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs

position -Time graphs

Uploaded by

Armando Moralez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Position-Time and Velocity-Time

Graphs
Questions for Consideration

⚫ What is a position-time graph?


⚫ What is a velocity-time graph?
⚫ How do features on one graph translate
into features on the other?
Distance-Time Graphs

⚫ Show an object’s position as a function of


time.
⚫ x-axis: time
⚫ y-axis: distance
Distance-Time Graphs
⚫ Imagine a ball rolling along a table, illuminated by a strobe light
every second.

0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9 s 10 s

⚫ You can plot the ball’s position as a function of time.


Distance-Time Graphs

10
9
8
7
Distance(cm)

6
5
4
3
2
1
time (s)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Distance-Time Graphs

⚫ What are the 10

characteristics of 8

this graph? 6

position (cm)
5

⚫ Straight line, upward 4

slope 2

⚫ What kind of motion 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10


time (s)

created this graph?


⚫ Constant speed
Distance-Time Graphs

⚫ Each type of motion has a characteristic


shape on a D-T graph.
⚫ Constant speed
⚫ Zero speed (at rest)

⚫ Accelerating (speeding up)

⚫ Decelerating (slowing down)


Distance-Time Graphs

⚫ Constant speed is represented by a


straight segment on the D-T graph.
pos. (m)

pos. (m)
time (s) time (s)

Constant speed in positive Constant speed in negative


direction. direction.
Distance-Time Graphs

⚫ Constant speed is represented by a


straight segment on the D-T graph.
pos. (m)

time (s)

A horizontal segment means


the object is at rest.
Distance-Time Graphs

⚫ Curved segments on the D-T graph


mean the object’s speed is changing.
pos. (m)

pos. (m)
time (s) time (s)

Speeding up in positive Speeding up in negative


direction. direction.
Distance-Time Graphs

⚫ Curved segments on the D-T graph


mean the object’s speed is changing.
pos. (m)

pos. (m)
time (s) time (s)

Traveling in positive Traveling in negative


direction, but slowing down. direction, but slowing down.
Distance-Time Graphs

⚫ The slope of a D-T graph is equal to the


object’s velocity in that segment.
change in y
50
slope =
change in x
position (m)

40
(30 m – 10 m)
30 slope =
(30 s – 0 s)
20

10 (20 m)
slope =
(30 s)
10 20 30 40
time (s) slope = 0.67 m/s
Distance-Time Graphs
⚫ The following D-T graph corresponds to an object
moving back and forth along a straight path. Can you
describe its movement based on the graph?
N
position (m)

time (s)

S
Velocity-Time Graphs

⚫ A velocity-time (V-T) graph shows an


object’s velocity as a function of time.
⚫ A horizontal line = constant velocity.
⚫ A straight sloped line = constant
acceleration.
⚫ Acceleration = change in velocity over time.
⚫ Positive slope = positive acceleration.
⚫ Not necessarily speeding up!
⚫ Negative slope = negative acceleration.
⚫ Not necessarily slowing down!
Velocity-Time Graphs

⚫ A horizontal line on the V-T graph means


constant velocity.
N

Object is moving at
velocity (m/s)

a constant velocity
time (s) North.

S
Velocity-Time Graphs

⚫ A horizontal line on the V-T graph means


constant velocity.
N

Object is moving at
velocity (m/s)

a constant velocity
time (s) South.

S
Velocity-Time Graphs

⚫ If an object isn’t moving, its velocity is


zero.

Object is at rest
velocity (m/s)

time (s)

S
Velocity-Time Graphs

⚫ If the V-T line has a positive slope, the


object is undergoing acceleration in
positive direction.
⚫ If v is positive also, object is speeding up.
⚫ If v is negative, object is slowing down.
Velocity-Time Graphs

⚫ V-T graph has positive slope.


N N

velocity (m/s)
velocity (m/s)

time (s) time (s)

S Positive velocity and S Negative velocity and


positive acceleration: object positive acceleration: object
is speeding up! is slowing down.
Velocity-Time Graphs

⚫ If the V-T line has a negative slope, the


object is undergoing acceleration in the
negative direction.
⚫ If v is positive, the object is slowing down.
⚫ If v is negative also, the object is speeding
up.
Velocity-Time Graphs

⚫ V-T graph has negative slope.


N N

velocity (m/s)
velocity (m/s)

time (s) time (s)

Negative velocity and


S Positive velocity and S negative acceleration:
negative acceleration:
object is speeding up! (in
object is slowing down,
negative direction)

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