8/7/2020 Lab 12 Solutions | CS 61A Summer 2020

Lab 12 Solutions lab12.zip (lab12.zip)

Solution Files

Topics
Consult this section if you need a refresher on the material for this lab. It's okay to skip directly to the
questions and refer back here should you get stuck.

Required Questions

What Would Scheme Display?

Q1: WWSD: Macros
One thing to keep in mind when doing this question, builtins get rendered as such:

scm> +
#[+]
scm> list
#[list]

If evaluating an expression causes an error, type SchemeError . If nothing is displayed, type Nothing .

Use Ok to test your knowledge with the following "What Would Scheme Display?" questions:

python3 ok -q wwsd-macros -u

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scm> +
______

scm> list
______

scm> (define-macro (f x) (car x))

______

scm> (f (2 3 4)) ; type SchemeError for error, or Nothing for nothing

______

scm> (f (+ 2 3))
______

scm> (define x 2000)

______

scm> (f (x y z))
______

scm> (f (list 2 3 4))

______

scm> (f (quote (2 3 4)))

______

scm> (define quote 7000)

______

scm> (f (quote (2 3 4)))

______

scm> (define-macro (g x) (+ x 2))

______

scm> (g 2)
______

scm> (g (+ 2 3))
______

scm> (define-macro (h x) (list '+ x 2))

______

scm> (h (+ 2 3))
______

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scm> (define-macro (if-else-5 condition consequent) `(if ,condition ,consequent 5))

______

scm> (if-else-5 #t 2)
______

scm> (if-else-5 #f 3)
______

scm> (if-else-5 #t (/ 1 0))

______

scm> (if-else-5 #f (/ 1 0))

______

scm> (if-else-5 (= 1 1) 2)
______

Q2: WWSD: Quasiquote

Use Ok to test your knowledge with the following "What Would Scheme Display?" questions:

python3 ok -q wwsd-quasiquote -u

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scm> '(1 x 3)
______

scm> (define x 2)
______

scm> `(1 x 3)
______

scm> `(1 ,x 3)
______

scm> '(1 ,x 3)
______

scm> `(,1 x 3)
______

scm> `,(+ 1 x 3)
______

scm> `(1 (,x) 3)

______

scm> `(1 ,(+ x 2) 3)

______

scm> (define y 3)
______

scm> `(x ,(* y x) y)

______

scm> `(1 ,(cons x (list y 4)) 5)

______

Macros
Q3: Scheme def
Implement def , which simulates a python def statement, allowing you to write code like (def f(x y) (+ x
y)) .

The above expression should create a function with parameters x and y , and body (+ x y) , then bind it
to the name f in the current frame.

Note: the previous is equivalent to (def f (x y) (+ x y)) .

Hint: We strongly suggest doing the WWPD questions on macros rst as understanding the rules of
macro evaluation is key in writing macros.
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(define-macro (def func args body)

`(define ,func (lambda ,args ,body)))

Use Ok to test your code:

python3 ok -q scheme-def

Streams
Q4: Multiples of 3
De ne implicitly an in nite stream all-three-multiples that contains all the multiples of 3, starting at 3.
For example, the rst 5 elements should be: (3 6 9 12 15)

You may use the map-stream function de ned below. map-stream takes in a one-argument function f and
a stream s and returns a new stream containing the elements of s with f applied.

(define (map-stream f s)
(if (null? s)
nil
(cons-stream (f (car s)) (map-stream f (cdr-stream s)))))

Do not de ne any other helper functions.

(define (map-stream f s)
(if (null? s)
nil
(cons-stream (f (car s)) (map-stream f (cdr-stream s)))))

(define all-three-multiples
(cons-stream 3
(map-stream (lambda (x) (+ x 3)) all-three-multiples))
)

Use Ok to test your code:

python3 ok -q multiples_3

Submit
Make sure to submit this assignment by running:

python3 ok --submit

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Optional Questions

Scheme Basics
Q5: Compose All
Implement compose-all , which takes a list of one-argument functions and returns a one-argument
function that applies each function in that list in turn to its argument. For example, if func is the result of
calling compose-all on a list of functions (f g h) , then (func x) should be equivalent to the result of
calling (h (g (f x))) .

scm> (define (square x) (* x x))

square
scm> (define (add-one x) (+ x 1))
add-one
scm> (define (double x) (* x 2))
double
scm> (define composed (compose-all (list double square add-one)))
composed
scm> (composed 1)
5
scm> (composed 2)
17

(define (compose-all funcs)

(lambda (x)
(if (null? funcs)
x
((compose-all (cdr funcs)) ((car funcs) x))))
)

Use Ok to test your code:

python3 ok -q compose-all

Streams
Q6: Partial sums
De ne a function partial-sums , which takes in a stream with elements

a1, a2, a3, ...

and outputs the stream

a1, a1 + a2, a1 + a2 + a3, ...

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If the input is a nite stream of length n, the output should be a nite stream of length n. If the input is
an in nite stream, the output should also be an in nite stream.

(define (partial-sums stream)

(define (helper sum-so-far stream-remaining)
(if (null? stream-remaining)
nil
(begin (define new-sum (+ sum-so-far (car stream-remaining)))
(cons-stream new-sum (helper new-sum (cdr-stream stream-remaining))))))
(helper 0 stream)
)

Use Ok to test your code:

python3 ok -q partial-sums

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